1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14229:2010Structural timber Woodpoles for overhead linesBS EN 14229:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14229:2010.It
2、 supersedes BS EN 12465:2001, BS EN 12479:2002, BS EN 12509:2001, BS EN 12510:2002, and BS EN 12511:2002, which arewithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/518, Structural timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on re
3、quest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 60182 8 ICS 29.240.99; 79.080 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This
4、British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2010. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 14229:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14229 October 2010 ICS 79.080 Supersedes EN 12465:
5、2001, EN 12479:2001, EN 12509:2001, EN 12510:2001, EN 12511:2001English Version Structural timber - Wood poles for overhead lines Bois de structure - Poteaux en bois pour lignes ariennes Holzbauwerke - Holzmaste fr Freileitungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 August 2010. CEN membe
6、rs are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applicatio
7、n to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has th
8、e same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Polan
9、d, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by an
10、y means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14229:2010: EBS EN 14229:2010EN 14229:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introduction .51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions .74 Symbols and abbreviations . 105 General requirements . 115.1 Species 115.2 Felling and
11、 wood preparation 125.2.1 Tree felling . 125.2.2 Handling of wood 125.2.3 Mechanical pre-treatments 125.3 Sizes and permissible deviations . 125.4 Bending strength and modulus of elasticity 125.5 Additional characteristics 125.5.1 Knots, knotholes and knot clusters 125.5.2 Slope of grain 135.5.3 Hea
12、rtwood . 135.5.4 Rate of growth . 135.5.5 Straightness 135.5.6 Bark pockets and rind galls . 145.5.7 Mechanical damage 145.5.8 Ring and star shake 145.5.9 Fissures . 145.5.10 Sources 145.5.11 Decay and insects. 145.5.12 Included sapwood. 145.5.13 Cracks 145.5.14 Other criteria . 145.6 Untreated wood
13、 poles 155.7 Preservative treated wood poles. 155.7.1 General . 155.7.2 Requirements for wood preservatives . 155.7.3 Penetration requirement 155.7.4 Retention requirement . 165.7.5 Tolerances for preservative-treated charge . 166 Test methods . 166.1 Length and diameter 166.2 Knots and knot cluster
14、s . 166.3 Slope of grain 166.4 Rate of growth . 176.5 Bark pockets and rind galls . 176.6 Mechanical damage 176.7 Fissures . 176.8 Determination of moisture content . 177 Evaluation of conformity 177.1 General . 177.2 Initial type testing (ITT) 18BS EN 14229:2010EN 14229:2010 (E) 3 7.3 Factory produ
15、ction control (FPC) 187.3.1 General . 187.3.2 Product specific requirements . 197.3.3 FPC for untreated products 197.3.4 FPC for preservative treated products 197.3.5 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC . 207.3.6 Continuous surveillance . 218 Marking . 21Annex A (informative) Commonly used size
16、s for wood poles . 22Annex B (normative) Scheme for sampling preservative-treated wood poles . 23B.1 Method by taking borings . 23B.1.1 General . 23B.1.2 Examination of borings . 23B.2 Method by taking a cross section 23Annex C (normative) Test method for wood pole characteristics . 24C.1 Principle
17、24C.2 Preparation . 24C.3 Apparatus . 25C.4 Procedure . 25C.5 Results 26C.6 Test report 27C.6.1 General . 27C.6.2 Test material 27C.6.3 Test procedure . 27C.6.4 Test results 27C.7 Example of suitable cantilever bending test method 28Annex D (normative) Determination of characteristic values 29D.1 Ge
18、neral . 29D.2 Sampling. 29D.3 Testing 29D.3.1 General . 29D.3.2 Bending strength . 30D.3.3 Modulus of elasticity . 30D.3.4 Test report 31Annex E (informative) Typical minimum characteristic values for wood poles . 33Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions o
19、f the EU Construction Products Directive . 34ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 34ZA.2 Procedure for attestation of conformity of wood poles for overhead lines 35ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity 35ZA.2.2 EC certificate of conformity and EC declaration of conformity 36ZA.3 CE marking
20、 and labelling 37Bibliography 40BS EN 14229:2010EN 14229:2010 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14229:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, eith
21、er by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or C
22、ENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12465:2001, EN 12479:2001, EN 12509:2001, EN 12510:2001, EN 12511:2001. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade
23、Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bou
24、nd to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
25、Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14229:2010EN 14229:2010 (E) 5 Introduction Poles for overhead lines are not covered by EN 1995-1-1 (i.e. Eurocode 5), which is for the design of buildings and civil engineering structures. The supplier is always responsible that all products supplied
26、 are in conformity with the requirements of this European Standard and any other specification he is provided with. This European Standard is for the initial determination of the characteristic values for a given population of wood poles (i.e. initial type testing), and additional determination when
27、 there is a reason to suspect that the characteristic values for a population have reduced. As far as empirical characteristic values are existing they can be used. Annex E presents some typical minimum characteristic values for wood poles. Furthermore, this standard provides also for requirements o
28、n the factory production control with production tolerances to enable the manufacturer of this population of wood poles to be in conformity with the declared characteristic values, derived from the initial type testing. This European Standard recognises that there are many different visual strength
29、grading rules for timber in use in Europe. These have come into existence to allow for: different species or groups of species; geographic origin; different dimensional requirements; varying requirements for different uses; the quality of material available; historic influences or traditions. Becaus
30、e of the diversity of existing standards for wood poles for overhead lines in use in different Member States it is currently impossible to lay down a single set of acceptable visual grading rules for all Member States. This European Standard therefore gives the basic principles to be followed when d
31、rawing up regional, national, local or buyer requirements for some characteristics and sets limits for others. In laying down visual grading rules, two main factors are relevant: they clearly define and limit the additional characteristics in poles so that there is a very high confidence that poles
32、supplied meet the required characteristic strength value; the rules and the text can be easily understood and be suitable for implementation by grading personnel. This European Standard is also concerned with the durability characteristics of wood poles for overhead power and telecommunication lines
33、. It assumes that all such poles are constructed from round timber in which the finished product comprises either a central core of heartwood surrounded by a zone of sapwood or the heartwood only. NOTE Some timber (e.g. abies alba and picea abies) do not allow differentiation between heartwood and s
34、apwood. EN 351-1 specifies how such timber should be treated when preservation is required. For such species there may be different requirements for the incised zone and other parts of the pole. BS EN 14229:2010EN 14229:2010 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard covers requirements for single untreat
35、ed or preservative treated wood poles for overhead lines under cantilever or compression loading (it does not cover poles used as beams). It covers test methods, determination of characteristic values and methods of specifying durability and sizes. It also establishes principles for visual grading.
36、This European Standard applies to both softwood and hardwood poles. This European Standard specifies the evaluation of conformity requirements and the marking of wood poles. This European Standard does not specify wood poles treated against fire to improve their fire performance. This European Stand
37、ard does not quantify the service life that may be expected from a wood pole. NOTE The service life of a wood pole depends on its geographical location, the associated climate of its service environment and either the natural durability of the heartwood of the species selected, or the combination be
38、tween selection of species, preservative type, and requirements of retention and any incised zones. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the late
39、st edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 212, Wood preservatives General guidance on sampling and preparation for analysis of wood preservatives and treated timber EN 252, Field test method for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservati
40、ve in ground contact EN 350-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products Natural durability of solid wood Part 1: Guide to the principles of testing and classification of the natural durability of wood EN 350-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products Natural durability of solid wood Part 2: Gui
41、de to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe EN 351-1:2007, Durability of wood and wood-based products Preservative-treated solid wood Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention EN 351-2:2007, Durability of wood and wood-based produ
42、cts Preservative-treated solid wood Part 2: Guidance on sampling for the analysis of preservative-treated wood EN 599-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products Efficacy of preventive wood preservatives as determined by biological tests Part 1: Specification according to use class EN 13183-1, Moi
43、sture content of a piece of sawn timber Part 1: Determination by oven dry method EN ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 1: Country codes (ISO 3166-1:2006) EN ISO 9001:2008, Quality management systems Requirements (ISO 9001:2008) ISO 2859-1, Samp
44、ling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptable quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection BS EN 14229:2010EN 14229:2010 (E) 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 bark pocket bark tha
45、t is partly or wholly enclosed in the wood 3.2 characteristic value value that corresponds to the 5 % fractile of the statistical distribution of strength or the mean value of modulus of elasticity 3.3 charge all the wood treated together in one treatment at one time 3.4 crack separation of wood fib
46、res across the grain NOTE Cracks may be due to internal strains resulting from unequal longitudinal shrinkage, or the fibres being crinkled by compression or other external forces. 3.5 decay decomposition of wood by fungi or other micro-organisms resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass and
47、strength, and often a change of texture and colour 3.6 direct testing testing of the preservative treatment achieved by the direct measurement of the penetration and retention of preservative 3.7 double sweep sweep characterized by two or more bends in one or several planes 3.8 fibre saturation poin
48、t fsp state of a piece of timber when the cell walls are saturated with moisture but no moisture exists in the cell cavities 3.9 fissure longitudinal separation of fibres 3.10 grain detector device for detecting the angle of grain in timber 3.11 growth rate mean number of growth rings per 25 mm 3.12 heart shake radial end shake originating at the pith BS EN 14229:2010EN 14229:2010 (E) 8 3.13 incised zone area of the lateral surface of the pole which has undergone an incising process as an
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