1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1471:1997 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Textile floor coverings Assessment of changes in appearance The European Standard EN 1471:1996, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2003, has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.080.60 BS EN 1471:1997 This British Standard, having
2、 been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1997 BSI 19 January 2004 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCI/3 Draft for
3、 comment 94/340693 DC ISBN 0 580 27334 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/3, Textile floor coverings, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Apparel and Textile Confederation British
4、Carpet Manufacturers Association Ltd. British Polyolefin Textiles Association British Shops and Stores Association (BSSA) British Textile Technology Group Confederation of British Wool Textiles Limited Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Contract Flooring Association Entrance Flooring Systems Associati
5、on Fibre Bonded Carpet Manufacturers Association Health Care Supplies South West Institute of Trading Standards Administration International Wool Secretariat Sgs United Kingdom Ltd. Wools of New Zealand Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 14723 19 January 2004 Revision to Scop
6、e and subclause 7.2BS EN 1471:1997 BSI 19 January 2004 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 1S c o p e 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Principle 4 5A p p a r a t u s 4 6 Selection and preparation of specimens 5 7 Assessment procedure
7、5 8 Calculation and expression of results 6 9 Test report 6 Annex A (normative) Constructional details of types of textile floor covering available as reference fatigued specimens 7 Annex NA (informative) Precision of the EN 1471 assessment procedure, and its effect on classification 8 Table A.1 Con
8、structional details of reference scales 7BS EN 1471:1997 ii BSI 19 January 2004 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee TCI/3 and is the English language version of EN 1471:1996 Textile floor coverings Assessment of changes in appearance, including amendment
9、A1:2003, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It supersedes BS 6659-1:1986, which is withdrawn. At the Formal Vote stage, the UK voted against prEN 1471 because it considered that the scope of this test method should be restricted to use with the specific pieces of test app
10、aratus for which it is suitable, i.e. Vetterman drum and Hexapod tumbler. It considered that the current wording, which allows use of the method for assessing changes caused by “any testing device”, is much too broad and that the “state of the art” referred to in the Scope clause should be described
11、 in a Precision clause. Annex NA provides information on the limitations of the standard for any organization using it as the basis of classification or guidance. The committee would welcome comments arising from any aspect of the application of this standard. These would be considered at the first
12、review of the standard. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI
13、 Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of p
14、ages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NOR
15、M EN 1471 December 1996 +A1 October 2003 ICS 59.080.60; 91.180 Descriptors: Floor coverings, textile floor coverings, estimation, appearance, variation, colourfastness English version Textile floor coverings Assessment of changes in appearance (includes amendment A1:2003) Revtements de sol textiles
16、Evaluation des changements daspect (inclut lamendement A1:2003) Textile Bodenbelge Beurteilung des Aussehensvernderung (enthlt nderung A1:2003) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-11-25; amendment A1 was approved by CEN on 2003-09-11. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENEL
17、EC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CE
18、N member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN m
19、embers are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardiza
20、tion Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 1471:1996 +A1:2003 EEN 1471:1996 BSI 19 January 2004 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committ
21、ee CEN/TC 134, Resilient and textile floor coverings, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 1997, and conflicting national standards shall b
22、e withdrawn at the latest by June 1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
23、Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword to Amendment A1 This document EN 1471:1996/A1:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC134, Resilient, textile and laminate floor coverings, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This amendment t
24、o the European Standard EN 1471:1996 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2004. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal r
25、egulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain,
26、 Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.EN 1471:1996 BSI 19 January 2004 3 1 Scope This European Standard describes procedures for assessing the changes in appearance of textile floor coverings. This standard reflects the existing state of the art. 2 Normative references This European Standard i
27、ncorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this
28、European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 20105 : A02, Textiles Tests for colour fastness Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour (ISO 105-A02 :1993). ISO 2424, Textile flo
29、or coverings Vocabulary. 3 Definitions For the purpose of this European Standard, the following definitions are based on those in ISO 2424. 3.1 overall change in surface appearance the assessed overall change of appearance is the difference between a fatigued and an unfatigued specimen. The degree o
30、f change is expressed by a single overall grade. Changes in structure, thickness, colour and/or pattern of a textile floor covering may contribute to overall change in appearance. It is not always possible to distinguish clearly between the factors since each may have an interaction with others 3.1.
31、1 change in structure; textural change visible change in configuration of loops and tufts and/or fibres at the use-surface of a textile floor covering 3.1.1.1 loss of tuft definition the bursting, opening and untwisting of the pile yarn, and/or decrimping of the fibres, in the use-surface of a texti
32、le floor covering. This can cause a decrease of the pile definition 3.1.1.2 crushing; flattening loss of thickness of a textile floor covering under the action of a static or dynamic load 3.1.1.3 felting; matting loss of pile definition of a textile floor covering due to entanglement and compression
33、 of pile fibres 3.1.2 Surface roughening 3.1.2.1 hairiness; filamentation the protrusion of fibres above the normal level of the use-surface of a textile floor covering and not removable by brushing or suction 3.1.2.2 cobwebbing an extreme form of hairiness/filamentation in which the fibres are enta
34、ngled to form an interlaced web attached to the use-surfaceEN 1471:1996 4 BSI 19 January 2004 3.1.2.3 pilling an extreme form of hairiness/filamentation in which the fibres are entangled to form small aggregates, attached to the use-surface, which may or may not include fibres from other sources 3.1
35、.2.4 sprouting the release and appearance during use of extra-long tuft legs which were accidentally trapped within the pile of a textile floor covering during manufacture 3.1.3 change of pattern definition change in the colour appearance of patterned textile floor coverings due to mechanical action
36、. A change of pattern definition may be caused by a change in the clarity of the contour lines 3.1.4 change in colour the change or apparent change in colour, assessed by a large grey scale, that may result from one or more of the following: change in orientation of the pile (shading); whitening/cha
37、lking; fading; glossing; colour bleeding; staining; soiling. 4 Principle The overall change in appearance of a fatigued specimen is assessed by visual comparison with reference scales. The dominant factors (structure, roughening, pattern, colour) are reported when appropriate. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Illumi
38、nation device, comprising sufficient fluorescent tubes 1)of correlated colour temperature 5 200 K 300 K, mounted at a height above the viewing table to give an intensity of light across the viewing platform of 1 500 lx 200 lx and in such a way as to illuminate the specimens vertically from above and
39、 allow uninterrupted viewing of the table (minimum height 1 600 mm above table). The surroundings shall be neutral and darkened. The intensity of the light shall be checked by the use of a luxometer. The lifetime of the tubes, as given by the manufacturer, shall not be exceeded. 5.2 Rotary viewing t
40、able, enabling the specimens to be viewed from all directions under the standard illumination. The diameter of the viewing table is at least 1 000 mm to enable the test specimens and references to be laid side-by-side. The colour shall be matt dark neutral grey. The table shall be constructed so tha
41、t its surface is as close as possible to the floor, to achieve a 45 angle to the eyes of the assessors. 5.3 Large grey scale, for assessing change in colour, comprising five pairs of grey reference shades (200 mm 150 mm), each representing a contrast corresponding to grade 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 (see EN 20
42、105-A02). Scales including intermediate half-grades may also be used. The use of small (35 mm 28 mm) grey scales may lead to incorrect assessment and these may not therefore be used. 1) Fluorescent tubes such as PHILIPS TLD 95 are suitable. EN 1471:1996 BSI 19 January 2004 5 5.4 Reference scales, fo
43、r the assessment of the appearance change of textile floor coverings, comprising 11 sets of five pairs, showing reference levels of overall change in appearance from grade 5 (no change) to grade 1 (extreme change), each pair including two zones: an “original” zone; a “fatigued” zone representing the
44、 defined grade of change in appearance. The description and sources of the 11 reference scales produced from different types of textile floor coverings are given in Annex A. 6 Selection and preparation of specimens Select for fatiguing and assessment specimens which are representative of the carpet
45、sample, and also a corresponding area of at least 200 mm 200 mm for the unfatigued sample. Mark the specimens with a reference direction (which may be the direction of production, if known) in order to be able to align them in the same direction for the assessment. 7 Assessment procedure 7.1 General
46、 The assessments shall be made independently by at least three experienced assessors. NOTE The assessor should acquire experience in assessing and should undertake comparative assessments with other laboratories at regular intervals (e.g. twice a year). Switch on the illumination device (5.1) at lea
47、st 1 h before the assessment session, to allow the fluorescent tubes to reach their full operating output. The assessors shall sit around the rotating table (5.2) at a distance of approximately 0,5 m to the periphery, so that they view the specimens from a distance of approximately 1,5 m to 1,8 m an
48、d at an angle of approximately 45 . Select an appropriate reference scale (see Annex A). Arrange the fatigued and the unfatigued specimens side-by-side, with the reference directions aligned, on the rotating table positioned centrally under the illumination device. Lay the selected scale side-by-sid
49、e with the specimens. If specimens of one article are treated in steps of increasing intensity (e.g. castor chair test) they have to be assessed together. 7.2 Overall change procedure Each assessor shall assess the contrast between the fatigued and the unfatigued specimens by comparing against the grades of the reference scale. The contrast shall be assessed from all directions whilst the table is slowly rotated. As the table is turned, the appea
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