1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD ICS 53.020.99 NO COPYING
2、WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Mobile or movable jacks and associated lifting equipment BS EN 1494:2000 +A1:2008 Incorporating corrigendum September 2001This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 Februar
3、y 2001 BS EN 1494:200 +A1: 2008 Amendment National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1494:2000+A1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 1494:2000 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating chan
4、ges to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by ab. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/12, Lifting platforms. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on re
5、quest to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amd. No. Date Comments 13250Corrigendum No. 1 17 Septe
6、mber 2001 Incorporating CEN correction notice 25 April 2001. Correction to Annex ZAImplementation of CEN amendment A1:2008, andalignment of BSI and CENpublicaion datesISBN 978 0 580 61614 3 s/corrigenda issued since publication BSI 2009 30 April 2009 0 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NO
7、RM EN 1494:2000+A1 December 2008 ICS 53.020.99 Supersedes EN 1494:2000 English Version Mobile or movable jacks and associated lifting equipment Crics mobiles ou dplaables et quipements de levage associs Fahrbare oder ortsvernderliche Hubgerte und verwandte Einrichtungen This European Standard was ap
8、proved by CEN on 18 October 2000 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 9 November 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-dat
9、e lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under th
10、e responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hung
11、ary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centr
12、e: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1494:2000+A1:2008: EEN 1494:2000+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and defin
13、itions .7 4 List of hazards12 5 Safety requirements 17 5.1 Braking device .17 5.1.1 General17 5.1.2 Dimensioning .17 5.1.3 Interruption of the power flow17 5.1.4 Automatic operation17 5.1.5 Alterations 17 5.2 Security against dropping 17 5.3 Speeds 17 5.4 Security against overloading18 5.5 Transmiss
14、ion systems 18 5.5.1 Security of guides18 5.5.2 End stops18 5.5.3 Additional requirements for hydraulic jacks 19 5.5.4 Additional requirements for pneumatic jacks 19 5.6 Control devices20 5.6.1 Hold to run control.20 5.6.2 Unintentional operation 20 5.6.3 Identification.20 5.6.4 Obviousness 20 5.6.5
15、 Visibility 23 5.6.6 Control devices of manually operated jacks 23 5.6.7 External power supply 24 5.7 Combined manual and power-operated jacks 24 5.8 Requirements for safety mechanisms.24 5.8.1 Adjustments .24 5.8.2 Materials .24 5.8.3 Effects of weather and dirt25 5.8.4 Breakage of springs 25 5.9 L
16、ift pad 25 5.10 Structural design .25 5.11 Climatic conditions25 5.12 Hot surfaces .25 5.13 Forces .26 5.14 Protection against pinching and shearing26 5.15 Electricity26 5.16 Transport and installation equipment .26 5.17 Provisions for maintenance26 5.17.1 Accessibility.26 5.17.2 Adjustment .26 5.18
17、 Special requirements for hydraulic transmission jacks26 5.18.1 Holding device .26 5.18.2 Lowering speed27 BS EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 (E) 3 5.19 Special requirements for trolley jacks 27 5.19.1 Guidance of the lift pad.27 5.19.2 Lowering of the load .27 5.20 Special requirements fo
18、r pit jacks.27 5.20.1 Overturning protection .27 5.20.2 Lowering speed .27 5.20.3 Adjustments.27 5.20.4 Hold to run control 27 5.20.5 Unintentional operation 27 5.20.6 Crash protection27 5.21 Special requirements for jacks without integrated pump.27 6 Verification .28 6.1 General .28 6.1.1 Tests .28
19、 6.1.2 Design check .28 6.1.3 Manufacturing check.28 6.1.4 Visual verification29 6.1.5 Practical tests 29 6.1.6 Electrical tests .29 6.2 Individual final verification before despatch 29 7 Information for use29 7.1 Instruction for use and instruction handbook29 7.1.1 General .30 7.1.2 Rules for opera
20、ting30 7.1.3 Maintenance and repair 31 7.2 Minimum marking31 Annex A (normative) Noise32 Annex B (normative) Test procedures33 Annex C (normative) Manual forces and manual force measurement methods41 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements o
21、f EU Directive 98/37/EC“ 43 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“ 44 BS EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 (E) 4 Foreword This (EN 1494:2000+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Li
22、fting platforms“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Decembe
23、r 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-11-09. This document supersedes EN 1494:2000. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Europea
24、n Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this standard.“ !deleted text“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the n
25、ational standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norwa
26、y, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 (E) 5 Introduction !This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1:2003.“ This standard has been prepared to be a harmonised standard
27、 to provide one means of conforming with the essential Safety Requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA Regulations. The object of this European Standard is to define rules for safeguarding persons against the risk of accidents associated with the operation of mobile or movable jac
28、ks. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. In addition, machinery should comply as appropriate with !EN ISO 12100“ for hazards which are not covered by this standard. While producing this standard it was assumed that only trained persons operate the lifti
29、ng equipment; the working area is adequately light; harmful materials such as asbestos are not used; components are kept in good repair and working order; by design of the load bearing elements a safe operation of the machine is assured for loads up to 100 % of the rated load and during the tests un
30、der the conditions given by the manufacturer; a negotiation for special uses took place between the user and the manufacturer; components without specific requirements are a) designed in accordance with the usual engineering practice and calculation methods, including all failure modes; b) of sound
31、mechanical and electrical construction; c) made of materials with adequate strength and of suitable quality. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies technical safety requirements and measures for mobile or movable jacks (see 3.6) and associated lifting equipment. This European Standard deals with a
32、ll significant hazards pertinent to mobile or movable jacks and associated lifting equipment when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer. This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the signifi
33、cant hazards. This standard applies to lifting equipment (see 3.1) which are mobile or movable and designed to operate under the load, whether operated singulary or in multiples to partially or totally raise and lower loads or vehicles at one or more lifting points (excluding the lifting of persons)
34、 where working under the raised load is not permitted unless additional means of securing the load in position are in place. BS EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 (E) 6 NOTE Associated lifting equipment means lifting equipment which is similar to those defined in 3.1, but which does not fully
35、 comply with these definitions. This standard does not establish additional requirements for power drive by an internal combustion machine; stability of the mobile or movable jacks and associated lifting equipment; operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer application, strong ma
36、gnetic fields); operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres, mines); supply by electrical networks where the tolerances in voltage, frequency etc. differ from those in the public supplies; static electric problems; handling of loads, the nature of which could lead to d
37、angerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids, radiating materials, especially brittle loads); hazards occurring during producing and decommissioning; hazards occurring when using the lifting equipment on public roads; wind pressure in and out of use; direct contact with foodstuffs; operation on sea
38、 ships. This standard applies e.g. to the following lifting equipment mechanical jacks with or without claw; hydraulic jacks with or without claw and with or without integrated pump, e. g. hydraulic trolley jacks, hydraulic transmission jacks, hydraulic pit jacks; pneumatic jacks. This standard does
39、 not apply to a) jacks or stabilizers which are permanently fixed to a trailer or a container to support a trailer or container without the tractor-unit; b) hydraulic cylinders which are permanently fixed to the vehicle for tipping and/or tilting parts of it; c) support stands with the possibility f
40、or changing the lift height only without the load; d) hydraulic lifting equipment working with a maximum pressure exceeding 500 bar and where pump and cylinder are not integrated parts of the same equipment; e) jacks that are delivered with road vehicles for helping when a break-down occurs (includi
41、ng delivery of original spare parts). BS EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 (E) 7 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the p
42、ublications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication applies (including amendments
43、). !deleted text“ EN 349, Safety of machinery Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body EN 811, Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower limbs EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems Part 1: General pri
44、nciples for design !deleted text“ EN 60204-32, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:1998) EN 60947-5-1:1997, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements Electromechanical con
45、trol circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1:1997) EN 61496-1:1997, Safety of machinery Electro-sensitive protective devices Part 1: General requirements and tests (IEC 61496-1:1997) EN ISO 4871, Acoustics Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO 4871:1996) EN ISO
46、 11201:1995, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995) !EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic co
47、ncepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003)“ 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the follo
48、wing terms and definitions apply: 3.1 lifting equipment device which permits a load to be raised, lowered or moved. Lifting equipments within the meaning of this standard are: 3.1.1 mechanical jack Jack in which the load is moved by means of mechanical devices, e. g. rack and pinion jack, screw type
49、 bottle jack or mechanical elevator such as a mechanical transmission jack. The jack can also be equipped with claws. BS EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 EN 1494:2000+A1:2008 (E) 8 Figure 1 Examples of mechanical jacks 3.1.2 hydraulic jack jack in which the load is moved by means of hydraulic NOTE All types of hydraulic jacks can exist in principle also as pneumatic jack. 3.1.2.1 hydraulic jack with integrated pump hydraulic jack where the pump is integrated in the jack Figure 2 Example of hydraulic jack with
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