EN 1537-2013 en Execution of special geotechnical works - Ground anchors《特殊土工工程的施工 地锚》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1537:2013Execution of specialgeotechnical works GroundanchorsBS EN 1537:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1537:2013. Itsupersedes BS EN 1537:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was ent

2、rusted to TechnicalCommittee B/526, Geotechnics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Stand

3、ards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 69301 4ICS 93.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendment

4、s issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 1537:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1537 July 2013 ICS 93.020 Supersedes EN 1537:1999English Version Execution of special geotechnical works - Ground anchors Excution des travaux gotechniques spciaux - Tirants dancrage Ausfh

5、rung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - VerpressankerThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 May 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any altera

6、tion. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made

7、by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia

8、, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDAR

9、DIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1537:2013: EBS EN 1537:2013EN 1537:2013 (E) 2 Contents

10、 Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms, definitions and symbols .7 3.1 Terms and definitions .7 3.2 Symbols . 10 4 Information needed for the execution of the work 11 4.1 General . 11 4.2 Special features 11 5 Geotechnical investigation 12 5.1 General . 12 5.2 Specific requireme

11、nts 12 6 Materials and products 13 6.1 General . 13 6.2 Anchor components subject to corrosion protection 13 6.2.1 Tendon . 13 6.2.2 Anchor head 14 6.2.3 Coupler 14 6.2.4 Tendon bond length . 14 6.2.5 Components in the borehole . 14 6.2.6 Compression element of a compression type anchor 15 6.3 Corro

12、sion protection of steel tendon and stressed steel components 15 6.3.1 General . 15 6.3.2 Temporary ground anchor . 15 6.3.3 Permanent ground anchor . 16 6.4 Grouts for corrosion protection and load transfer 16 6.4.1 Cement grout for temporary anchors . 16 6.4.2 Cement grout for permanent anchors in

13、side encapsulations . 17 6.4.3 Cement grout for permanent anchors outside encapsulations . 17 6.4.4 Resin Grout . 17 6.5 Other components and materials for corrosion protection barriers . 18 6.5.1 Plastic sheaths and ducts 18 6.5.2 Heat shrink sleeves 19 6.5.3 Seals . 19 6.5.4 Corrosion protection c

14、ompounds based on petroleum, waxes or greases . 19 6.5.5 Sacrificial metallic coating . 19 6.5.6 Other coatings on steel parts 20 6.5.7 Steel tubes and caps 20 6.6 Application of corrosion protection 20 6.6.1 General . 20 6.6.2 Tendon free and bond lengths 20 6.6.3 Anchor head 21 6.7 Corrosion prote

15、ction system . 22 7 Considerations related to design 23 8 Execution . 23 8.1 Drilling of holes . 23 BS EN 1537:2013EN 1537:2013 (E) 3 8.1.1 Drilling Methods 23 8.1.2 Tolerances 24 8.2 Manufacturing, transport, handling and installation of tendons 25 8.2.1 Manufacture . 25 8.2.2 Transport, handling a

16、nd installation . 25 8.3 Grouting . 26 8.3.1 General . 26 8.3.2 Borehole testing 26 8.3.3 Pre-grouting . 27 8.3.4 Anchor grouting 27 8.3.5 Post-grouting . 28 8.4 Stressing 29 8.4.1 General . 29 8.4.2 Equipment 29 8.4.3 Stressing procedure 29 8.4.4 Lock off of anchor . 30 8.4.5 Stressing of anchors w

17、ith staggered free lengths . 30 9 Supervision, testing and monitoring . 30 9.1 General . 30 9.2 Measurement requirements . 31 9.3 Datum load . 31 9.4 Test methods . 31 9.5 Investigation test . 31 9.6 Suitability test 32 9.7 Acceptance test . 32 9.8 Evaluation of the apparent tendon free length . 32

18、9.9 Supervision of construction and testing 33 9.10 Monitoring 33 10 Records 33 11 Special requirements 34 Annex A (informative) Examples of testing corrosion protection . 36 Annex B (informative) Guidelines for acceptance criteria for viscous corrosion protection compounds and examples of standards

19、 for the testing of material properties . 38 Annex C (informative) Corrosion protection systems for temporary and permanent anchors and typical details for permanent anchor heads . 39 Annex D (informative) Example of record sheet 45 Annex E (informative) Obligation of the provisions 47 Bibliography

20、52 BS EN 1537:2013EN 1537:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1537:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 288 “Execution of special geotechnical works”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publ

21、ication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC

22、 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1537:1999. The remit of CEN/TC 288 is the standardisation of the execution procedures for geotechnical works (including testing and control methods) and of the required material properties. CEN/

23、TC 288/WG 14 has been charged with the revision of EN 1537:1999 in the subject area of ground anchors, which includes all anchors that are bonded to the ground by grout and are stressed and tested. This standard has been prepared to stand alongside EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1:

24、General rules, and prEN ISO 22477-5, Geotechnical investigation and testing Testing of geotechnical structures Part 5. Design, safety aspects and testing, which were included as the informative Annexes D and E in the previous issue of this standard (EN 1537:1999), were consequently taken out of this

25、 present issue. Clause 7, “Considerations related to design” of this standard deals only with those design matters that should be taken into account during the execution stage of ground anchors so that the design of the anchor system may be fulfilled. In addition, this standard provides full coverag

26、e of the construction and supervision requirements. The revision of this standard was effected by a working group comprising of delegates from ten countries and the comments of these countries have been taken into account. The main amendments are: definitions and terminology brought into accordance

27、with the definitions and terminology of EN 1997-1:2004, Eurocode 7, in particular with Section 8; alignment of this European Standard with prEN ISO 22477-5; structural revisions to match the structure of this standard with that of other standards for special geotechnical works, e.g. EN 1536, Executi

28、on of special geotechnical work Bored piles and EN 1538, Execution of special geotechnical work Diaphragm walls; general revision in accordance with comments received during the CEN Enquiry, 2010; update of references. As long as EN ISO 22477-5 is not available, national solutions should be implemen

29、ted for the testing of anchors. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Re

30、public of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1537:2013EN 1537:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 This Euro

31、pean Standard covers ground anchors grouted into the ground which are stressed and tested. They can be used for permanent or temporary applications. NOTE For the purpose of this standard the term anchor(s) refers to ground anchor(s). 1.2 The anchors are designed in accordance with EN 1997-1 and are

32、tested in accordance with prEN ISO 22477-5. 1.3 Typical bond and compression type anchors are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. 1.4 The term “ground“ is taken to encompass soil, rock and fill already in place or existing prior to the execution of the construction work. 1.5 The planning and design of g

33、round anchors calls for experience and knowledge in this specialised field. 1.6 The installation and testing phases require skilled, qualified labour and supervision. 1.7 This standard cannot replace the knowledge of specialist personnel and the expertise of experienced contractors required to apply

34、 this standard. 1.8 This standard does not address systems such as tension piles, screw anchors, mechanical anchors, soil nails, dead-man anchors or expander anchors as these do not fulfil the requirements of this standard. Key 1 anchorage point at jack during stressing 8 O-Ring 2 anchorage point at

35、 anchor head in service 9 soil/rock 3 tensioning element at anchor head 10 borehole 4 bearing plate 11 debonding sleeve 5 load transfer block 12 tendon 6 structural element 13 fixed length grout body 7 trumpet or anchor head tube 14 free length filling where appropriate Figure 1 Sketch of a bond typ

36、e ground anchor Details of anchor head and head protection omitted BS EN 1537:2013EN 1537:2013 (E) 6 Key 1 anchorage point at jack during stressing 2 anchorage point at anchor head in service 3 tensioning element at anchor head 4 bearing plate 5 load transfer block 6 structural element 7 trumpet or

37、anchor head tube 8 O - Ring 9 soil/rock 10 borehole 11 debonding sleeve 12 tendon 13 fixed length grout body 14 free length filling where appropriate 15 compression element Figure 2 Sketch of a compression type ground anchor Details of anchor head and head protection omitted BS EN 1537:2013EN 1537:2

38、013 (E) 7 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including

39、 any amendments) applies. EN 206-1, Concrete Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity EN 447, Grout for prestressing tendons Basic requirements EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Part 2: Concrete admixtures Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labe

40、lling EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 1997-1:2004, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: General rules EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design Part 2: Ground investigation and testing EN 10025 (all parts), Hot-rolled produ

41、cts of structural steels EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Weldable reinforcing steel General prEN 10138-1, Prestressing steel Part 1: General requirements EN 10210-1, Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part 1: Technical delivery conditions EN

42、10219-1, Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part 1: Technical delivery conditions EN 10219-2, Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part 2: Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties EN ISO 12944-5, Paints

43、and varnishes Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems Part 5: Protective paint systems (ISO 12944-5) prEN ISO 22477-5, Geotechnical investigation and testing Testing of geotechnical structures Part 5: Testing of anchorages (ISO/DIS 22477-5)1) ETAG 013, Post-tensioning ki

44、ts for prestressing of structures 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 anchor head fr: tte dancrage de: Ankerkopf element of a ground anchor which transmits the tensile load from the tendon to t

45、he bearing plate or the structure 1) In preparation. BS EN 1537:2013EN 1537:2013 (E) 8 3.1.2 anchor system fr: systme dancrage de: Ankersystem system comprising specific components and materials which collectively form the ground anchor 3.1.3 acceptance test fr: essai de rception de: Abnahmeprfung l

46、oad test to confirm that each anchor conforms with the acceptance criteria 3.1.4 apparent tendon free length fr: longueur libre quivalente de larmature de: Rechnerische freie Stahllnge length of tendon which is estimated to be fully decoupled from the surrounding grout and is calculated from the loa

47、d-elastic displacement data following testing 3.1.5 borehole diameter fr: diamtre de forage de: Bohrlochdurchmesser diameter of a borehole as defined by the drill bit or casing diameter, excluding any enlargements 3.1.6 compression type anchor fr: tirant lment de compression de: Druckrohranker groun

48、d anchor, the load of which is transferred via a decoupled steel tendon down to the bottom of the borehole, and from there via a compression element and the borehole grout into the ground 3.1.7 compression element length fr: longeur dlment de compression de: Druckrohrlnge length of the compression e

49、lement for load transfer of a compression type anchor 3.1.8 coupler fr: coupleur de: Koppelelement device for joining the lengths of bar or strand which comprise an anchor tendon 3.1.9 critical creep load fr: traction critique de fluage de: Kritische Kriechkraft anchor load corresponding to the end of the first linear part of a plot of anchor load against creep rate 3.1.10 datum load fr: traction de rfrence de: Vorbelastung level of anchor load from which the anchor head displacement is me