EN 1900-1998 en Materials and Articles in Contact with Foodstuffs - Non-Metallic Tableware - Terminology《和食品接触的材料和物件 非金属成套贵重餐具 术语》.pdf

1、STD-BSI BS EN 1700-ENGL 1998 I 1624bb 073blL1 289 m BRITISH STANDARD Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Non-metallic tableware - Terminology The European Standard EN 1900:1998 has the status of a Britjsh Standard ICs 01.040.97; 97.040.60 BS EN 1900:1998 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMIS

2、SION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW STD-BSI BS EN LSUU-ENGL 1778 D lb24bb7 0736112 115 W been prepared under the direction of the Coiisuiner Amd.No. Coniinitiee, was published under the authority of thc Standards Comniittee and conies into effect on 15 Deceinber 1998 PrOdiKtS l7d L - present t

3、o the responsible European committee any enquiries on the - monitor related international and European developments and promulgate interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on req

4、uest to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” faciiity of

5、the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. S

6、ummary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. ICs 01.040.97; 67.250; 97.040.60 Descriptors: glassware, tableware, ceramics, earthenware, porcelain, stoneware, plastics, foodcontainer contact, voca

7、bulary English version h4a.I- and artieles in contact with fm - Non-matalJic tableware - Temnuiolgy Matriaux et ustensiles en contact avec les denres alimentaires - Articles de table non mtalliques - %rminologie Terminologie Werkstoffe und Gegenstande in Kontakt mit Lebensmitteln - Nichtmetabches Ta

8、fegeschinr - This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 July 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENEENELEC internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliograph

9、ica references concerning such national standars may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibity of a CEN mem

10、ber into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Port

11、ugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fur Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwid

12、e for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1900:1998 E STD-BSI BS EN LSOO-ENGL 1778 LbZLibbS 073bLL4 T78 Page 2 EN 1900:1998 Foreword This has been prepared by Technical Committee CENRC 194, Utensils in contact with food, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This standard is one of a series of stan

13、dards for terminology related to utensils in contact with food stuffs. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withrawn at the lat

14、est by January 1999. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the foilowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Gennany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Nethe

15、rlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents page Foreword 2 introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 Annex A (informative) Summary of the characteristics of materials used for articles in contact with foodstuffs (for ceramics: body c

16、haracteristics) 6 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 7 Alphabetical index 8 O BSI 1998 Introduction This European Standard defnes terms related to materials for non-metallic tableware. The materials comprise three main groups: ceramics; glass and glass ceramics; and plastics. The definitions of arti

17、cles in contact with foodstuffs are not dealt with as these articles are of quite different nature in the various countries and a harmonization seems to be unnecessary and not feasible. Enamelled articles are also not included because the main part of these articles is of a metallic nature. The sele

18、ction of terms for definitions was governed by the needs of customs regulations. The informative annex A contains a table which summarizes some aspects of the classification of the materials. The aim is to provide a quick survey on those characteristics which are used to distinguish the various mate

19、rials. Annex B is an informative annex listing the informative documents. 1 Scope This European Standard defnes terms related to certain materials for non-metallic tableware in contact with foodstuffs. It only includes those articles composed of the foilowing materials: glass, glass ceramics, porcel

20、ain, vitreous chinahiitrified tableware, stoneware, earthenware, common pottery or plastic. NOTE plates, soup tureens, salad bowls, vegetable dishes and trays of all kinds, from oven to tableware, coffee-pots, teapots, sugar bowls, milk jugs, beer mugs or tankards, cups, sauce-boats, fruit bowls, bu

21、tter dishes, cruets, salt cellars, mustard pots, and drinking giasses. Main tableware articles in contact with foodstuffs are: 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the app

22、ropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when Incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publ

23、ication referred to applies. EN 11M1997, Matemals and artick in crvnh,ct with foodstufls - Test methods for translucency of ceramic articles. EN 12171997, Mu,ter%als a,nd articks in contml UYM, foodstuffs - Test methods for water a,bsoyition of ceramic articles. IS0 62:1980, Plastics -Determination

24、of water absorption. Page 3 EN 1900:1998 3 Definitions 3.1 glass 3.1.1 glass inorganic non-metallic material produced by the complete fusion of a mixture of raw materials at high temperature into a homogeneous liquid which is then cooled to a rigid condition essentially without crystallization NOTE

25、Different types of glasses are different in composition. In silicate glass the main constituent is silica 3.1.2 soda-lime-silicate glass glass in which the main constituents are silica, sodium oxide and calcium oxide 3.1.3 crystal glass 1) silicate glass with an oxide content of 10 % by mass or more

26、 of the following: zinc oxide, barium oxide, lead oxide and/or potassium oxide; 2) silicate glass containing barium oxide, lead oxide, and potassium oxide; one of these oxides or the sum of all the oxides being 10 % by mass or more). 3.1.4 lead crystal glass silicate glass containing 24 % by mass or

27、 more of lead oxidel) 3.1.6 full lead crystal glass silicate glass containing 30 % by mass or more of lead oxidel) 3.1.6 borosilicate glass thermal shock resistant silicate glass containing usually about 10 % by mass of boron oxide 3.2 glass ceramic inorganic non-metallic material, produced by the c

28、omplete fusion of a mixture of mw materials at high temperature, into a homogeneous liquid which is then cooled into a rigid material and heat treated to achieve a certain degree of crystallization, mainly submicroscopic sind crystallites 1 The other characteristics of this glass and its designation

29、 are given in EC Council Directive RW493EEC i. O BSI 1998 Page 4 EN 1900:1998 3.3 ceramic 3.3.1 ceramic inorganic non-metallic material made by firing a mixture of raw materials at high temperature. The Firing temperature is high enough to give the necessary strength to the article, which is already

30、 shaped, but lower than the temperature which is necessary to achieve complete fusion of the mixture 3.3.2 biscuit unglazed first fired ceramic ware 3.3.3 body (fired) ceramic material shaped to constitute the ware, more or less viwied, which can be, and is generally, coated with a glaze 3.3.4 china

31、; porcelain glazed ceramic material, vitrified, impervious, white (or artificially coloured), translucent and resonant. The water absorption of the body is less than 0,5 % (determined according to method A of EN 12171997) china or porcelain body is made generally from kaolin (or other china clays),

32、silica, feldspar or feldspathic fluxes and sometimes calcium carbonate or alumina bone china is a particular type of china containing at least 35 % by mass of the fired body, or tricalcium orthophosphate, which can be intxoduced in the form of bone ash NOTE The definitions of “china or porcelain” gi

33、ven here apply only t,o tableware and do not, concern other applications such as t,echnical porcelain. 3.3.5 vitrified tableware; vitreous china glazed ceramic bodies vitrified, impervious, white (or artificially coloured), slightly translucent, made of clays, silica, feldspar and sometimes alumina.

34、 The water absorption of the body is less than 0,5 % (determined according to method A of prEN 1217 1997) NOTE For vitrified tableware or vitreous china that is coloured, of high thickness and/or strengthened by alumina, translucency is not. an intrinsic characteristic. 3.3.6 stoneware glazed cerami

35、c material, pastially, vimied, impervious, generally naturally coloured, hard and opaque. Its body is generally made of clays, silica and flux. The water absorption of the body is less than 3 % (determined according to method A of EN 12171997) 3.3.7 earthenware glazed ceramic material of low vitrifi

36、cation, white to cream (or artificially coloured), opaque, with a porous and he texture. The different elements of the body (grains, pores) are 0,15 mm or less and therefore not visible to the naked eye. Its body is generally made of clays, silica, feldspar or feldspathic fluxes andor calcium carbon

37、ate. The water absorption of the body is greater than 3 % (determined according to method A of EN 12171997) 3.3.8 common pottery glazed ceramic material, more or less viwied, opaque, generally naturally coloured, with more or less porous and grained texture, generally made with a mixture of clays. S

38、ome elements of the body (grains, pores) are larger than 0,15 mm. The water absorption of the body is greater than 3 % (determined according to method A of EN 12171997) 3.4 plastics organic macromolecular compounds obtajned by polymerization, polycondensation, polyaddition or any other similar proce

39、ss from molecules with a lower molecular weight or by chemical alteration of natural macromolecules silcones and other similar macromolecular compounds are also regarded as plastics. Other substances or matter can be added to macromolecular compounds NOTE This definition is taken from EC Council Dir

40、ective 90128EEC 121. 3.5 glaze substance resulting from the melting or sintering of inorganic constituents and designed to form a surface layer which is fused, in one or more coats, and the firing temperature of which is higher than 500 “C NOTE Glazes can be opaque or transparent. NOTE A transparent

41、 glaze, vitrified at high temperature at the same time as the final firing of body is called “couverte” in French and “Scharffeuerglasur” in German. A transparent glaze vitrified fired subsequently at a temperature lower than that used for firing the body is called “glqure” in French. 3.5.1 glazing

42、application of a glaze on to a ceramic body 3.5.2 salt glazing glazing process which consists of throwing a salt (sodium chloride or sodium borate) into the kiln when the firing is approaching the maximum temperature for developing a glaze NOTE This process is used only occasionally. O BSI 1998 STD.

43、BSI BS EN 1700-ENGL 1778 1624bb7 073b117 7T7 Page 5 EN 1900:1998 3.6 decoration graphic design elements (geometric lines and shaded tones arranged usuady with colour or gold or platinum) to embellish an article NOTE Decoration can be applied a) under the giaze by application to the biscuit or claywa

44、re, covered with glaze and then fired; b) on the glaze, or on the unglazed surface; c) in the glaze by applying the decoration on the glazed area and then firing at a temperature above the softening point of the glaze so that the decoration sinks into the glaze layer. 3.7 properties 3.7.1 water abso

45、rption of ceramic quantity of water that can be absorbed by the body of a ceramic ware. For customs requirements this charackrjstic is measured in accordance with method A of EN 12171997 3.7.2 translucency ability to transmit incident iight. For ceramics this property is measured in accordance with

46、method A of EN 11M1997 O BSI 1998 STD.BS1 BS EN 1900-ENGL 1998 W lb211bb 073bLLB b33 W Material Glass Glass ceramic China or porcelain Page 6 EN 19Mk1998 Colour Water absorption Optical properties Visible structure Colourless None Ransparent or Homogeneous (or naturally or translucent or artificiall

47、y coloured) opaque White, colourless or None Ransparent or Homogeneous coloured trmlucent or White (or artificially c 0,5 %) Ik.anslucent2). Homogeneous coloured) opaque Annex A (informative) Summary of the characteristics of materials used for articles in contact with foodstufs (for ceramics: body

48、characteristics) Vitrified tableware or vitreous china Table A.l White, slightly grey (or artificially coloured 3%) Opaque Heterogeneities Coloured 3%) Opaque Heterogeneities 0,15 mm Plastic Determined according to method A of EN 12171997. 2, Determined according to method A of EN 1184: 1997. 3, Det

49、ermined according to IS0 62:1980. White, slightly yellow LOW or very 103) liarsparent or Homogeneous or artificially translucent or coloured opaque O BSI 1998 Page 7 EN 1900:1998 Annex B (informative) Bibliography i EC Council Directive, dated 15 December 1969, on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to crystal glass (69/493/EEC), Official Journal of the European Communities No. L 326A6. 2 Commission Directive, dated 23 February 1990, relating to plastics materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs (90/12