1、STD.BSI BS EN 1718-LI-ENGL 1998 LbZLIbbS 0708982 97b BRITISH STANDARD Gas supply systems - Underground gas storage - Part 4: Functional recommendations for storage in rock caverns The European Standard EN 191841998 has the status of a British Standard ICs 75.200 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXC
2、EPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 1918-4:1998 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 1918-4:1998 AmdNo. This British Standard, having been prepared under the
3、 direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was pubiished under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1998 Date Textaffected O BSI 1998 National foreword This British Standard is the English ianguage version of EN 191841998. The UK participation in its preparation was
4、 entrusted by Technid Committee GELB, Gas supply, to Subcommitke GSEB3/4, Gas suppiy: stomge, which has the responsibility to: - aid enquirers to understand the tea - present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the - monitor related internationai and European developments and prom
5、ulgate interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed, them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secrekxy. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications refer
6、red to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entied “Intedonal Standards Correspondence Index“, or by using the “Find“ faciity of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include al the necessary provisions of a contract
7、Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a hnt cover, an inside hnt cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover an
8、d a back cover. ISBN O 680 29667 9 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARD NO= EXJR0PEE”E EUROP- NORM EN 19184 February 1998 ICs 75.200 Descriptors: Sto
9、rage, natural gas, definitions, specifications, environmental protection, design, safety, geology, tests, operating requirements, maintenance, inspection English veision Gas supply systems - Underground gas storage - Part 4 hctional recommendations for storage in rock caverns Systme dalimentation en
10、 gaz - Stockage souterrain de gaz - Partie 4 Fkcommandations fonctionnelies pour le Stockage en cavits mines Gasversorgungsysteme - Untertagespeicherung von Gas - Teil 4 FurMonale Empfehiungen fr die Speicherung in Felskavernen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 1998 CEN member
11、s are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC intenial Regulations which stipuiak the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Uptodate lists and bibliographica references concerning such national stanards may be obtained on application to t
12、he Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Gem). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status
13、 as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germanx Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. European Committee for Standasdiz
14、ation Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fur Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1060 Brussels O 1998 CEN Ail rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 191841998 E Copyright European Committee for Stand
15、ardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- STD-BSI BS EN 1918-Y-ENGL 1998 W 1b24bb9 0708985 b85 Page 2 EN 191841998 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CENRY= 234, Gas suppi
16、y, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Stanchi shall be given the status of a donai standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1998, and conflicting nationai standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1998. It is Part
17、4 of a standard on underground gas storage which includes the five following parts: -Part 1: Functional mornmendations for stomge in quifm; -Part 2: Functional recommendations for storage in o and gas f&; - Part 3: Functional recommendations for sbmge in solution-mined salt cavities; - Part 4: Funct
18、ional recommendations for sme in mk cam; - Part 5: Fuctional remm - liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). R - liquefied natural gas (LNG) in lined or unlined rock caverns. Underground storage in mined caverns is an attractive alternative to underground storage in sait leached caverns, especially where the
19、local geological setting does not contain sait or where the salt does not display suitable cWteristics for solution mining. The technology, provided it is correctly implemented, is applicable to the following geological conitions: - hard igneous or metamorphic rocks such as granite, gneiss, andesite
20、s or shales; - sedimentary rocks such as limestones, cemented sandstones, quartzites, chalk or shales; - mark The main prerequisites for unlined cavern storage are the presence of a sufficient natural water head above the caverns to ensure the hydrodynamic containment of the product, and a rockmass
21、quality sufficient to ensure the long-term stability of the excavation with, if needed, a structural reinforcement. Underground storage in mined cavem is a safe way to create important reserves of LPG in the immediate vicinity of producing, importing or consuming centres such as: - refineries, impor
22、t or export term- - petrochemical complexes for which LPG constitutes a feedstock - local storage for seasonal peak shaving connected with bottling plants and aimed at a local domestic market; - regional feedstock for resale (distribution by truck, railway or boat). This part of EN 1918 focuses on u
23、nderground storage in unlined mined cavem for LPG. It does not cover refrigerated gas storage. Technical description The three key parameters governing the satisfactory operation of an underground storage facility in a mined cavern include: - long-term stability; - leaktightness and absence of envir
24、onmental impact; Page 3 EN 19184:1998 - absence of impact on product quality during storage time. The product stored is delivered after the storage period in a state compatible with the users requirements (with or without implementation of surface treatment). Very genedl5 a mined cavern storage faci
25、lity comprises one or several galleries, excavated from an access shaft or ramp and sited deep enough to ensure the hydraulic containment of the product to be stored. The access works are rst used for the excavation of the caverns and may consist of: - an inclined tunnel; - one or several shafts wit
26、h extraction equipment; - a combination of one or several shafts and an inclined tunnel. Before the storage facility is put into operation, the caverns are isolated from the access shaft and/or ramp by concrete plugs located near the cavern entrance. The shaft andor ramp is then flooded with water.
27、The storage cavern) are made up of main galleries of variable section, according to rock type and depth. The gallery length depends upon the arrangement of galleries, often in parallel, and the required storage capaciw. Connection galleries, generaily of smaller section, may link the main galleries
28、together. They allow circulation of personnel, materiaJs and equipment, and ventilation during the constsuction phase. They allow circuiation of water and stored product, at the various levels of excavation, during the operation phase. Connection galleries contribute to the storage capacity. The mos
29、t commonly used excavation method in hard rock is drilling and blasting. Alternative methods include roadheaers or tunnelling machines. The choice of method is determined mainly by the rockmas properties and the size of the excavations but also by the cost and availability of equipment. The undergro
30、und storage space is connected to the surface by a series of lines accommodated in one or more operating shafts or in operating wells, driiied, cased and cemented. They include: - inlet line(s); - outlet line(s) fitted with submersible pump(s) for product delivery; - seepage water line(s) and pump(s
31、); - instrumentation line(s); - vent iine(s). When installed in a shaft, the operating pipes are anchored in a concrete sealing plug located immediately above the cavern crown. After pipe installation, the shaft is flooded with water for the operation phase. In some cases, horizontal and/or vertical
32、 water curtajns may be provided to enhance the permanent groundwater flow towards the storage caverns. O BSI 1998 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- STD-BSI BS EN L
33、718-9-ENGL 1998 Lb24bb 0708787 458 m Page 4 EN 1918-4:1998 A horizontal water curtain may consist of a gallery of small section, generally located above the storage cavem, from which boreholes are drilled. A vertid water curtain consists of vertical or subvertid boreholes drilled from the surface, o
34、r fmm a purposedesigned gallery The vertical water curtain is mainly used to avoid hydrogeologid interference between two or more storage caverns, and allow independent operation of each one. Fgure 1 illush.ates a mined rock cavem cross-section. Working principle The hydraulic containment principle
35、for LPG storage in uniined underground cavem is that the product is contained by the groundwater pressure prevailing in the ascent rockmass. The cavern is load at such a depth that the water naturally present in the surrounding rock flows everywhere towtn be screwed or welded together to form a stri
36、ng surrounding the tubing connecting the cavem to the surface 2.2 cementing operation whereby a cement slurry is pum and circulad down a well, through the casing and then upwards into the annular space between the casing and the open or cased hole 2.3 containment capability of a cavem to prevent mig
37、ration of stored 2.4 drilling ai technical activities connected with the constsuction of a well 2.6 exploration ail technid activities connected with the investigation of a geologicai site 2.6 logging measurement of any physicai parameter versus depth in a weil 2.7 maximum operating pressure (MOP) (
38、for a rock cavern) maximum due of the pressure of any fluid contained in a cavern which can be accepted in normal operation and maintenance NOTE 1 It is defined at a reference point, which is in general the roof of the cavem. NOTE 2 Its value is dened to ensure the containment of the product. 2.8 mo
39、delling generating the image of a simcture fmm the information gathered 2.9 numerical simulation computer simulation of a system EXAMPLES stability analysis, hydraulic flow paern around an excavation. hydr - acquisition of all relevant information needed for specwg parameter limits for construction
40、and operation; - demonstmiion that the storage is capable of ensuring long-term containment of the stored products through its hydraulic and mechanical The construction facility shall be constructed and operated so as to maintah the integrity of the containment. No other instabtion or activity shall
41、 affect the integrity of the containment. integriw Page 6 EN 19184:lWS 3.2 Environmental conservation 3.2.1 Underground The storage facility SM be designed, constructed and operated so as to prevent any inadmiss ible impact on the environment. This presupposes that the surrounding formations have be
42、en identified and their relevant characteristics determined, and that they are adequately protected 3.2.2 Sut$ace environment The storage facility shall be designed, constructed and operated so that it cannot cause any inadmiss ible ground movement at the surface and that it will prevent any inadmis
43、sible impact on the environment. 3.3 Safety The storage facility shall be designed, constructed, operated and maintained so as to present no inadmissible risk to the safety of the staf and the public. In addition to the usual safety rues and recommendations applicable to ai comparable industrial ins
44、tallatons, measures shall be taken to reduce the risk and consequences of blow-out and leakages. 3.4 Monitoring In order to ven that the recommendations above are met, monitoring systems and procedures shall be implemented. 4 Design 4.1 Design principles Surface and subsurface instahons shall be des
45、igned to control the process and utity fluids at any combination of pressure and temperature to which they may be subjected within a determined range of operating conditions. They shall conform to existing standards for the individual part of a storage system. Proven technology shall be used for ana
46、lysis and calculations. Ali relevant data should be documented. Technology proven in the oil and gas industry should be used where possible. The design shall be based on written procedures and shall be carried out by competent personnel and companies. Emergency procedures should be developed. Ali re
47、levant data concerning the design (especially cavern layout, well and wellhead equipment, geometrical surveys, operating procedures, material and test documentation) shall be documented and made available to the owner and the operator of the storage facility. Adherence to the safety and environmenta
48、l requirements shall be monitored. O BSI 1998 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page 6 EN 19184:1998 4.2 Geological exploration A geological exploration shall be un
49、dertaken to obtain sufficient knowledge about the geological site and detemine the geological feasibility of the underground storage in mined cavem project by adequate means such as geological and geophysical surveys, drilling operations, tests, water analyses, etc. In a nrst step, the available geological and hydrogeological data and knowledge of local engineering practice and experience in underground works (e.g. existing tunnels, sewage gaileries,
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