EN 1971-1-2011 en Copper and copper alloys - Eddy current test for measuring defects on seamless round copper and copper alloy tubes - Part 1 Test with an encircling test coil on t.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 1971-1:2011Copper and copper alloys Eddy current test formeasuring defects on seamlessround copper and copper alloytubesPart 1: Test with an encircling test coil onthe oute

2、r surfaceBS EN 1971-1:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1971-1:2011.Together with BS EN 1971-2:2011, it supersedes BS EN 1971:1999which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee NFE/34/1, Wrought

3、and unwrought copper and copperalloys.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Insti

4、tution 2012ISBN 978 0 580 70540 3ICS 23.040.15; 77.150.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Te

5、xt affectedBS EN 1971-1:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1971-1 December 2011 ICS 77.150.30 Supersedes EN 1971:1998English Version Copper and copper alloys - Eddy current test for measuring defects on seamless round copper and copper alloy tubes - Part 1: Test with an encircl

6、ing test coil on the outer surface Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Mthode de contrle par courants de Foucault pour le mesurage des dfauts des tubes ronds sans soudure en cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Partie 1: Essai avec une bobine encerclante sur la paroi externe Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Wirb

7、elstromprfung an Rohren zur Messung von Fehlern an nahtlos gezogenen runden Rohren aus Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Teil 1: Prfung mit umfassender Spule auf der Auenseite This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 November 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re

8、gulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN me

9、mber. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

10、 CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sloveni

11、a, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN nati

12、onal Members. Ref. No. EN 1971-1:2011: EBS EN 1971-1:2011EN 1971-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 General requirements 54.1 Personnel qualification .54.2 Condition of tube to be tested 54.3 Equipment 55 Reference standar

13、d tube .76 Acceptance criteria 76.1 Detection of local discontinuities by encircling coils systems 76.2 Detection of non-local discontinuities by encircling coils systems with lower detection levels .76.3 Other test methods 87 Instrument adjustment 8Figures Figure 1 Representation of eddy current co

14、ntrol using encircling coils .6 Figure 2 Representation of eddy current systems that involve a relative rotational motion between the tube and the probe (helicoidal control of the tube) 6 BS EN 1971-1:2011EN 1971-1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1971-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Com

15、mittee CEN/TC 133 “Copper and copper alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdr

16、awn at the latest by June 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1971:1998. According to th

17、e CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia

18、, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 requested CEN/TC 133/WG 3 “Copper tubes (installation and industrial)“ to revise the fol

19、lowing document: EN 1971:1998, Copper and copper alloys Eddy current test for tubes This is one of two parts of the standard for the eddy current test for measuring defects on seamless round copper and copper alloy tubes. The other part is: EN 1971-2, Copper and copper alloys Eddy current test for m

20、easuring defects on seamless round copper and copper alloy tubes Part 2: Test with an internal probe on the inner surface In comparison with the first edition of EN 1971:1998, the following significant technical changes were made: split of and extension in two parts; modification of Scope introducti

21、on of the choice of test method with encircling coil or internal probe. BS EN 1971-1:2011EN 1971-1:2011 (E) 4 Introduction The eddy current test described in this European Standard has the objective of detecting during production potential leaks and serious defects in seamless round copper and coppe

22、r alloy tubes. The eddy current test is able to detect material inhomogeneities and their positions throughout the length of tubes. The eddy current signals of material inhomogeneities are compared with reference signals of artificially produced test defects. It is possible to identify these inhomog

23、eneities on the inner and outer surfaces as well as within the tube wall. Since the distribution of eddy currents decreases as the distance from the test coil increases, the amplitude of defect signals also decreases with increasing distance from the test coil. Thus the eddy current test with encirc

24、ling test coil on the outer surface is less sensitive to defects on the inner surface. The purpose of this standard is not to define a method of measuring the actual extent of the material inhomogeneities as the signal amplitude is dependent on, amongst other factors, volume, form and position of th

25、e inhomogeneity. Due to end effects, it is not possible to effectively test the ends of the tubes. The purchaser and the supplier could agree that the end effect may be overcome by cutting to length after testing. BS EN 1971-1:2011EN 1971-1:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This part of this European Standard spec

26、ifies a procedure for the eddy current test with an encircling test coil for measuring defects on the outer surface of seamless round copper and copper alloy tubes. NOTE The eddy current test method(s) required, together with the size range and acceptance level, are defined in the relevant product s

27、tandard. The choice of the method for eddy current test: with an encircling test coil on the outer surface according EN 1971-1; or with an internal probe on the inner surface according EN 1971-2; is at the discretion of the manufacturer if there are no other agreements between the purchaser and the

28、supplier. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 473, Non-dest

29、ructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles EN ISO 12718, Non-destructive testing Eddy current testing Vocabulary (ISO 12718:2008) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12718 apply. 4 General requi

30、rements 4.1 Personnel qualification The eddy current test shall be made by operators trained in this technique and it shall be done under the responsibility of qualified staff. When agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, qualification of the personnel shall be certified according to EN

31、473. 4.2 Condition of tube to be tested Tubes shall be sufficiently clean and straight to permit satisfactory operation of the drive mechanism and eddy current test equipment. 4.3 Equipment The driving mechanism shall drive the tube through the encircling coil as concentrically and vibration-free as

32、 possible. The variation in test sensitivity due to changes of speed and tube position within the encircling coil shall be maintained within 2 dB. Either encircling test coils or a system that involves relative rotational motion between the tube and either one or several surface probes can be used f

33、or testing (see Figures 1 and 2). BS EN 1971-1:2011EN 1971-1:2011 (E) 6 Key 1 secondary coil 2 primary coil 3 tube f frequency V difference of the measured voltage Figure 1 Representation of eddy current control using encircling coils NOTE 1 Figure 1 is a simplified representation of an encircling c

34、oil with one primary coil and secondary coils (differential measurement) Key a direction of rotation of the probe 1 surface probe 2 tube Key b direction of rotation of the tube 1 surface probe 2 tube 3 rollers a) Surface probe rotating with linear motion of the tube b) Tube rotating with linear moti

35、on of the probe Figure 2 Representation of eddy current systems that involve a relative rotational motion between the tube and the probe (helicoidal control of the tube) NOTE 2 The surface probe can have different forms, for example single coil or multiple coils with various configurations. Test spe

36、ed shall be compatible with the coil excitation frequency. In the case of a test with relative rotational motion between the tube and the surface probe only, the linear speed shall be adjusted in order to test the whole surface of the tube. BS EN 1971-1:2011EN 1971-1:2011 (E) 7 The distance between

37、the probe and the outer surface of the tube shall be kept as small as possible so that the sensitivity of the test is sufficient. NOTE 3 For encircling coils, the usual frequencies are in the range 1 kHz to 125 kHz. 5 Reference standard tube Unless otherwise specified in the relevant product standar

38、d, a reference standard tube is made of a defect-free tube of the same dimensions and specified properties as the tube to be tested. During the reference test, the influence of dynamic conditions shall be taken into account. NOTE The producer can ensure that this requirement is met by the appropriat

39、e option subject to the type of the installation, such as: a) for control devices not in-line with production, the reference tube should be long enough to ensure the same dynamic conditions for the reference test as for normal line operating speed; or b) for in-line installations: the reference stan

40、dard tube should be passed through the test equipment at the normal line operating speed; or the control devices should include a dynamic effect compensating unit to take into account the speed differences between the reference tube throughput speed and the normal line operating speed. Either the re

41、ference standard tube shall have three holes located on three generating lines at 120, or only one hole. If a reference standard tube with three holes is used, the holes shall be spaced from each other and from each end, sufficiently to obtain separate signals from each hole without interference fro

42、m the tube ends. If a reference standard tube with only one hole is used, then this tube shall be passed through the encircling coil three times with the tube being turned by 120. The maximum drill diameter for the various dimension ranges is defined in the relevant product standards. Other referenc

43、e standard tube types may be considered if they are demonstrated as more relevant for certain products; they shall be defined in the relevant product standards. 6 Acceptance criteria 6.1 Detection of local discontinuities by encircling coils systems Local discontinuities of the tubes, including begi

44、nning and end of long regular discontinuities and variations of long discontinuities, are detected as defects with encircling coils systems. The sorting limit shall be the smallest amplitude of the three signals produced by the hole or holes in the reference standard tube. 6.2 Detection of non-local

45、 discontinuities by encircling coils systems with lower detection levels Non-local discontinuities of the tube could be identified as defects by one of the methods defined for this purpose, according to the requirements of the relevant product standards. Some discontinuities of the tube, which indiv

46、idually are not considered as defective, might cause signals lower than the detection threshold of the normal sorting limit for local defects but higher than a second selected lower detection threshold Sl. The signals for the lower and normal detection thresholds are related by a ratio K2, which sha

47、ll be determined by the manufacturer of the tube, as follows: BS EN 1971-1:2011EN 1971-1:2011 (E) 8 SS= Knl2(1) where Slis the signal for the lower detection threshold; Snis the signal for the normal detection threshold. A maximum density of defects d0shall be calculated as follows: LN= d000(2) wher

48、e N0is the maximum permissible number of discontinuities in a pre-set length; L0is the pre-set length. NOTE Both N0and L0should be determined by the tube manufacturer if they are not specified in the relevant product standard. Discontinuity signals ranging between the two sorting limits of the lower

49、 and normal detection thresholds along the pre-set length L0shall be counted as N. When the real density d = N/L0exceeds d0, the entire pre-set length affected shall be considered defective. 6.3 Other test methods For other test methods the acceptance criteria shall be defined specifically, such as for a system involving relative rotational motion between the tube and the surface probe. Equal or higher sensitivity shall be demonstrated. 7 Instrument adjustment The test system shall be adjusted, using a