1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN1991-1-2:2002Eurocode 1: Actions on structuresPart 1-2: General actions Actions on structures exposed to fireICS 13.220.50; 91.010.30; 13.120 IncorporatingcorrigendumMarch 2009- -2:2002ti a, November 2012 and February 2013BS EN 1991-1-2:2002This British Standardwaspublished unde
2、r theauthorityof the Standards PolicyandStrategy Committee on26 November 2002 BSI 2009National forewordThe UK participation inits preparation was entrusted by TechnicalCommitteeB/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/1,Actions, loading and basis of design.A list of or
3、ganizations represented on thissubcommittee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at thenational level, therange and possible choice will be given in the normative text,and aNote will qualifyit as a National Determined Parameter (
4、NDP). NDPscan be specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular methodor a particular applicationrule if several are proposed in the EN.To enable EN 1991-1-2 to beusedin the UK, the NDPs will be published in aNational Annexwhich will be incorporated by amendment into this Briti
5、shStandard in due course, after public consultation has taken place.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance witha British Standard cannot confer immunityfromlegal obligations.This British Sta
6、ndard is the UK implementation of EN 1991-1-2:2002,incorporating corrigendum March 2009. It supersedes DD ENV 1991-2-2:1996,which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated inthe text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendumMarch 200 is indicated inth
7、e text by . ISBN 978 0 580 65680 4Date Comments Incorporating corrigendum March 20099Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication31 May 2009 CENBS EN 1991-1-2:2002ISBN 978 0 580 80739 8Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments31 May 2009 Incorporating CEN corrigendum March 200928
8、 February 2013 Incorporating CEN corrigendum February 2013(consolidating corrigenda March 2009 andNovember 2012) This British Standard waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Policy andStrategy Committee on 26 November 2002 The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI StandardsLi
9、mited 2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1991-1-2:2002,incorporating corrigendum February 2013, which consolidates CEN corrigend M ch 2009 and Nove ber 2012. It supersedes DD ENV 1991-2-2:1996, which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or alter
10、ed by corrigendum is indicatedin the text by tag . Text altered by CEN cor igendum March 2009 is ndicatedin th text by . Text altered by CEN corrigendum November 2012 isindicated in the text by .ti i ti i is preparation was entrusted by Tec r i , t itt / / ,( s) and ba is of design.BS EN 991-1-2:200
11、2 to be used in UK the latest vers on of theA t this Standard containing these NDPs should also be used. At the meof publication, it is NA to BS EN 1991-1-2:2002.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1991-1-2November 2002ICS 13.220.50; 91.010.30 Supersedes ENV 1991-2-2:1995English versio
12、nEurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-2: General actions -Actions on structures exposed to fireEurocode 1: Actions sur les structures au feu - Partie 1-2:Actions gnrales - Actions sur les structures exposesEurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-2:Allgemeine Einwirkungen - Brandeinwir
13、kungen aufTragwerkeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 September 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and b
14、ibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of
15、a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, N
16、orway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FRNORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide fo
17、r CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1991-1-2:2002 EIncorporating corrigendum March 2009Incorporating corrigendum February 2013 (March 2009 and November 2012 consolidated)EN 1991-1-2:2002 (E)2Contents pageForeword 4Section 1General.101.1Scope101.2 Normative references101.3 Assumptions111.4Distinction
18、between Principles and Application Rules.111.5 Terms and definitions111.5.1 Common terms used in Eurocode Fire parts.111.5.2 Special terms relating to design in general.131.5.3 Terms relating to thermal actions.131.5.4 Terms relating to heat transfer analysis.151.6 Symbols.15Section 2Structural Fire
19、 design procedure212.1General212.2 Design fire scenario.212.3 Design fire.212.4 Temperature Analysis.212.5 Mechanical Analysis22Section 3Thermal actions for temperature analysis.233.1General rules.233.2 Nominal temperature-time curves.243.2.1 Standard temperature-time curve.243.2.2 External fire cur
20、ve.243.2.3 Hydrocarbon curve.253.3 Natural fire models253.3.1 Simplified fire models.253.3.1.1 General.253.3.1.2 Compartment fires253.3.1.3Localised fires.263.3.2 Advanced fire models.26Section 4Mechanical actions for structural analysis274.1General274.2 Simultaneity of actions.274.2.1 Actions from
21、normal temperature design.274.2.2 Additional actions284.3 Combination rules for actions284.3.1 General rule284.3.2 Simplified rules.284.3.3 Load level.29Annex A (informative) Parametric temperature-time curves30Annex B (informative) Thermal actions for external members - Simplified calculationmethod
22、 33B.1 Scope33B.2 Conditions of use.33BSEN 1991-1-2:2002EN 1991-1-2:2002 (E)3B.3 Effects of wind.34B.3.1 Mode of ventilation34B.3.2 Flame deflection by wind34B.4 Characteristics of fire and flames35B.4.1 No forced draught.35B.4.2 Forced draught.37B.5 Overall configuration factors39Annex C (informati
23、ve) Localised fires41Annex D (informative) Advanced fire models44D.1One-zone models44D.2 Two-zone models45D.3 Computational fluid dynamic models.45Annex E (informative) Fire load densities.46E.1General46E.2 Determination of fire load densities.47E.2.1 General.47E.2.2 Definitions.47E.2.3 Protected fi
24、re loads.48E.2.4Net calorific values.48E.2.5 Fire load classification of occupancies.50E.2.6 Individual assessment of fire load densities.50E.3 Combustion behaviour50E.4Rate of heat release Q51Annex F (informative) Equivalent time of fire exposure.53Annex G (informative) Configuration factor55G.1Gen
25、eral55G.2Shadow effects56G.3External members.56Bibliography 59BSEN 1991-1-2:2002EN 1991-1-2:2002 (E)4ForewordThis document (EN 1991-1-2:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 “StructuralEurocodes“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.CEN/TC250/SC1 is responsible for Eurocode 1.
26、This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of anidentical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2003, and conflicting national standards shall bewithdrawn at the latest by December 2009.This document supersedes ENV 1991-2-2:1995.Annexes A, B
27、, C, D, E, F and G are informative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of thefollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lux
28、embourg, Malta, Netherlands,Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.Background of the Eurocode programmeIn 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field ofconstruction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the pr
29、ogramme was the elimination oftechnical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications.Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonisedtechnical rulesforthe design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an
30、alternative tothe national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.Forfifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of MemberStates, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation ofE
31、uropean codes in the 1980s.In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of anagreement1between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of theEurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future
32、 status ofEuropean Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions ofall the CouncilsDirectives and/or Commissions Decisions dealing with European Standards (e.g. the Council Directive89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and89/4
33、40/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting upthe internal market).The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a numberof Parts:EN 1990, Eurocode: Basis of structural design.EN 1991, Eurocode 1: Ac
34、tions on structures.prEN 1992, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures.prEN 1993, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures.1Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN)concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and
35、 civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89).BSEN 1991-1-2:2002EN 1991-1-2:2002 (E)5prEN 1994, Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures.prEN 1995, Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures.prEN 1996, Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures.prEN 1997, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design.pr
36、EN 1998, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance.prEN 1999, Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures.Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and havesafeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety ma
37、tters at national level wherethese continue to vary from State to State.Status and field of application of EurocodesThe Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that EUROCODES serve asreference documentsforthe following purposes: as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering wor
38、ks with the essentialrequirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N1 -Mechanicalresistance and stability - and Essential Requirement N2 - Safety in case of fire; as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services; as a fram
39、ework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENsand ETAs).The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship withthe Interpretative Documents2referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different
40、 naturefrom harmonised product standards3. Therefore, technical aspects arising fromthe Eurocodesworkneedto be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working onproduct standards with a view to achieving full compatibility of these technical specifications with t
41、heEurocodes.The Eurocode standardsprovide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of wholestructures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms ofconstruction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert cons
42、ideration will berequired by the designer in such cases.2According toArt.3.3 ofthe CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents forthe creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for harmonised ENs and ETAGs/ET
43、As.3According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall:a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicatingclasses or levels for each requirement where necessary;b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or l
44、evels of requirement with the technicalspecifications,e.g.methods ofcalculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc.;c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals.The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in
45、 the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2.BSEN 1991-1-2:2002EN 1991-1-2:2002 (E)6National standards implementing EurocodesThe national standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including anyannexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a national title p
46、age and national foreword,and may be followed by a national annex.The national annexmayonlycontain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocodefor national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildingsand civil engineering works to b
47、e constructed in the country concerned, i.e.: values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode; values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode; country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc), e.g. snow map; the procedure to be used where alternative procedures
48、are given in the Eurocode.It may also contain: decisions on the application of informative annexes and references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eurocode.Links between Eurocodes and harmonised technical specifications (ENs and ETAs)forproductsThere isa
49、 need for consistency between the harmonised technical specifications for construction productsand the technical rules for works4. Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of theconstruction products which referto Eurocodes shall clearly mention which Nationally DeterminedParameters have been taken into account.Additional information specific to EN 1991-1-2EN 1991-1-2 describesthe thermal and mecha
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