1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-5: General actions Thermal actions ICS 91.010.30 Incorporating corrigenda December 2004 and March 2009National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1991-1-5:2003, incorporating corrigendum March 20
2、09. Details of superseded British Standards are given in the table below. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum March 2009 is indicated in the text by . The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by
3、 grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials, concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdra
4、wn at the end of the coexistence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period of 2 years allowed for the national calibration period during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a three year coexistence period. During the
5、 coexistence period Member States will be encouraged to adapt their national provisions to withdraw conflicting national rules before the end of the coexistent period. The Commission in consultation with Member States is expected to agree the end of the coexistence period for each package of Eurocod
6、es. At the end of this coexistence period, the national standard(s) will be withdrawn. In the UK, the following national standards are superseded by the Eurocode 1 series. These standards will be withdrawn on a date to be announced. Eurocode Superseded British Standards EN 1991-1-1 BS 6399-1:1996 EN
7、 1991-1-2 none EN 1991-1-3 BS 6399-3:1988 EN 1991-1-4 BS 6399-2:1997, BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-1-5 BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-1-6 none EN 1991-1-7 none EN 1991-2 BS 5400-1:1988, BS 5400-2:1978* EN 1991-3 none EN 1991-4 none * N.B. BS 5400-2:1978 will not be fully superseded until publication of AnnexA.2
8、 to BS EN 1990:2002. BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 4 March 2004 BSI 2010 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 15510 Corrigendum No. 1 15 December 2004 Addition of superses
9、sion details 28 February 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum March 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 66414 4BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 i The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structure, to Subcommittee B/525/1, Actions (loadings) and basis o
10、f design A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a Note will qualify it as a Na
11、tionally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable EN 1991-1-5 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex which will be
12、made available by BSI in due course, after public consultation has taken place. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. . Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligatio
13、ns.ii blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROP ENNE EUROP ISCHE NORM EN 1991-1-5 November 2003 ICS 91.010.30 Supersedes ENV 1991-2-5:1997 English version Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-5: General actions - Thermal actions Eurocode 1: Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-5: Actions gnrales Act
14、ions thermiques This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 September 2003. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and b
15、ibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility
16、of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,
17、 Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROP ENDENORMALISATION EUROP ISCHESKOMITEEF RNORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansrese
18、rved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1991-1-5:2003 E Incorporating corrigendum March 2009EN 1991-1-5: 2003 (E) 2 C O N T E N T S P a g e FOREWORD 4 BACKGROUND TO THE EUROCODE PROGRAMME. 4 STATUS AND FIELD OF APPLICATION OF EUROCODES. 5 NATIONAL STANDARDS IMPLEMENTING EUROCODES . 6 LI
19、NKS BETWEEN EUROCODES AND PRODUCT HARMONIZED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (ENS AND ETAS). 6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO EN 1991-1-5. 6 NATIONAL ANNEX FOR EN 1991-1-5. 7 SECTION 1 GENERAL. 8 1.1 SCOPE . 8 1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 8 1.3 ASSUMPTIONS 8 1.4 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATI
20、ON RULES 9 1.5 DEFINITIONS . 9 1.6 SYMBOLS . 10 SECTION 2 CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS . 13 SECTION 3 DESIGN SITUATIONS 14 SECTION 4 REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS 15 SECTION 5 TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN BUILDINGS. 17 5.1 GENERAL 17 5.2 DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURES 17 5.3 DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURE PROFILES.
21、 18 SECTION 6 TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN BRIDGES 20 6.1 BRIDGE DECKS 20 6.1.1 Bridge deck types. 20 6.1.2 Consideration of thermal actions . 20 6.1.3 Uniform temperature component . 20 6.1.4 Temperature difference components 24 6.1.5 Simultaneity of uniform and temperature difference components. 30 6.1.
22、6 Differences in the uniform temperature component between different structural elements . 31 6.2 BRIDGE PIERS 31 6.2.1 Consideration of thermal actions 31 6.2.2 Temperature differences. 31 SECTION 7 TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEYS, PIPELINES, SILOS, TANKS AND COOLING TOWERS. 32 7.1 GENER
23、AL . 32 7.2 TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS. 32 7.2.1 Shade air temperature 32 7.2.2 Flue gas, heated liquids and heated materials temperature . 33 BS EN 1991-1-5: 2003EN 1991-1-5: 2003 (E) 3 7.2.3 Element temperature 33 7.3 CONSIDERATION OF TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS . 33 7.4 DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURE COMPON
24、ENTS 33 7.5 VALUES OF TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS (INDICATIVE VALUES). 34 7.6 SIMULTANEITY OF TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS. 34 ANNEX A (NORMATIVE) ISOTHERMS OF NATIONAL MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM SHADE AIR TEMPERATURES . 36 A.1 GENERAL . 36 A.2 MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SHADE AIR TEMPERATURE VALUES WITH AN ANNUAL PROBABILI
25、TY OF BEING EXCEEDED P OTHER THAN 0,02 36 ANNEX B (NORMATIVE) TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES FOR VARIOUS SURFACING DEPTHS. 39 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) COEFFICIENTS OF LINEAR EXPANSION . 42 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) TEMPERATURE PROFILES IN BUILDINGS AND OTHER CONSTRUCTION WORKS 44 BIBLIOGRAPHY 46 BS EN 1991-1-5: 2
26、003EN 1991-1-5: 2003 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1991-1-5) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 “Structural Eurocodes“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or b
27、y endorsement, at the latest by May 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010. Annexes A and B are normative. Annexes C and D are informative. This document supersedes ENV 1991-2-5:1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national sta
28、ndards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the
29、 United Kingdom. Background to the Eurocode Programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Communities decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmoni
30、zation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, u
31、ltimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and the Membe
32、r States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eur
33、ocode with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissions Decisions dealing with European Standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Di
34、rectives initiated in pursuit of settings up the internal market). The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts: BS EN 1991-1-5: 2003EN 1991-1-5: 2003 (E) 5 EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of Structural Design EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on st
35、ructures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotech
36、nical design EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium alloy structures Eurocode standards recognize the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regu
37、latory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognize that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes: as a means of providing compliance of building
38、 and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N o 1 - Mechanical resistance and stability - and Essential Requirement N o 2 - Safety in case of fire; as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and rela
39、ted engineering services; as a framework for drawing up harmonized technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents referred to in Article 12 of the
40、CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonized product standards. Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving a full compatibil
41、ity of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction design conditions are not s
42、pecifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases. BS EN 1991-1-5: 2003EN 1991-1-5: 2003 (E) 6 National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annex
43、es), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be followed by a National annex (informative). The National annex (informative) may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as N
44、ationally Determined parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e.: values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode, values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode, country specific d
45、ata (geographical, climatic, etc.), e.g. snow map, the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the EN Eurocode. It may also contain decisions on the application of informative annexes, references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eu
46、rocode. Links between Eurocodes and product harmonized technical specifications (ENs and ETAs) There is a need for consistency between the harmonized technical specifications for construction products and the technical rules for works. Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of
47、the construction products which refer to Eurocodes should clearly mention which Nationally Determined Parameters have been taken into account. Additional information specific to EN 1991-1-5 EN 1991-1-5 gives design guidance for thermal actions arising from climatic and operational conditions on buil
48、dings and civil engineering works. Information on thermal actions induced by fire is given in EN 1991-1-2. EN 1991-1-5 is intended for clients, designers, contractors and relevant authorities. EN 1991-1-5 is intended to be used with EN 1990, the other Parts of EN 1991 and EN 1992-1999 for the design
49、 of structures. In the case of bridges, the National annexes specify whether the general non-linear or the simplified linear temperature components should be used in design calculations. BS EN 1991-1-5: 2003EN 1991-1-5: 2003 (E) 7 In the case of chimneys, references should be made to EN 13084-1 for thermal actions from operating processes. National annex for EN 1991-1-5 This standard gives alternative procedures, values and recommendations for classes with not
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