1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN1991-1-6:2005Eurocode 1 Actions on structuresPart 1-6: General actions Actions during execution ICS 91.010.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g5
2、1g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58corrigendumJuly 2008Incorporating - - :2005Incorporatingcorrigenda l ,November 2012and February 2013BS EN 1991-1-6:2005ISBN 978 0 580 80738 1Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments28 February 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum July 200828 Februar
3、y 2013 Implementation of CEN corrigendum February 2013(consolidating corrigenda July 2008 and November 2012)This British Standard waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Policy andStrategy Committee on 15 December 2005 The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI StandardsLimited
4、 2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1991-1-6:2005,incorporating corrigendum February 2013, which consolidates CEN corrigenda July 2008 and November 2012. It supersedes DD ENV 1991-2-6:2000, which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered b
5、y corrigendum is indicatedin the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum July 2008 is indicatedin the text by . Text altered by CEN corrigendum November 2012 isindicated in the text by .The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engin
6、eering structures, toSubcommittee B/525/1, Actions (loadings) and basis of design.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at thenational level, the range and possible choice w
7、ill be given in the normativetext, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP).NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particularmethod or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable BS EN 1991-1-6:2005 to be us
8、ed in the UK the latest version of theNA to this Standard containing these NDPs should also be used. At the timeof publication, it is NA to BS EN 1991-1-6:2005.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Co
9、mpliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1991-1-6 June 2005 ICS 91.010.30 Supersedes ENV 1991-2-6:1997 English version Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures Part 1-6: General actions - Actions during execution Eur
10、ocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-6: Actions gnrales - Actions en cours dexcution Eurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-6 : Allgemeine Einwirkungen - Einwirkungen whrend der Ausfhrung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 January 2005. CEN members are bound to com
11、ply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Se
12、cretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the of
13、ficial versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sw
14、eden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membe
15、rs. Ref. No. EN 1991-1-6:2005: EIncorporating corrigendum July 2008Incorporating corrigendum February 2013 (July 2008 and November 2012 consolidated)2 Contents Page FOREWORD4 BACKGROUND OF THE EUROCODE PROGRAMME .4 STATUS AND FIELD OF APPLICATION OF EUROCODES.5 NATIONAL STANDARDS IMPLEMENTING EUROCO
16、DES5 LINKS BETWEEN EUROCODES AND HARMONIZED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (ENS AND ETAS) FOR PRODUCTS.6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO EN 1991-1-6 .6 NATIONAL ANNEX .7 SECTION 1 GENERAL .8 1.1 SCOPE .8 1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES.8 1.3 ASSUMPTIONS .9 1.4 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RU
17、LES .9 1.5 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS9 1.6 SYMBOLS 10 SECTION 2 CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS12 SECTION 3 DESIGN SITUATIONS AND LIMIT STATES.14 3.1 GENERAL IDENTIFICATION OF DESIGN SITUATIONS14 3.2 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES 15 3.3 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES.16 SECTION 4 REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS 17 4.1 GENERAL
18、17 4.2 ACTIONS ON STRUCTURAL AND NON-STRUCTURAL MEMBERS DURING HANDLING .17 4.3 GEOTECHNICAL ACTIONS .18 4.4 ACTIONS DUE TO PRESTRESSING .18 4.5 PRE-DEFORMATIONS 18 4.6 TEMPERATURE, SHRINKAGE, HYDRATION EFFECTS 18 4.7 WIND ACTIONS 19 4.8 SNOW LOADS.19 4.9 ACTIONS CAUSED BY WATER 19 4.10 ACTIONS DUE
19、TO ATMOSPHERIC ICING 21 4.11 CONSTRUCTION LOADS 21 4.12 ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS .24 4.13 SEISMIC ACTIONS .24 ANNEX A1 .25 (NORMATIVE).25 SUPPLEMENTARY RULES FOR BUILDINGS25 A1.1 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES .25 A1.2 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES 25 A1.3 HORIZONTAL ACTIONS 25 ANNEX A2 .26 (NORMATIVE).26 SUPPLEMENT
20、ARY RULES FOR BRIDGES .26 A2.1 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES .26 A2.2 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES 26 A2.3 DESIGN VALUES OF DEFLECTIONS 26 A2.4 SNOW LOADS 26 A2.5 CONSTRUCTION LOADS27 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) ACTIONS ON STRUCTURES DURING ALTERATION, RECONSTRUCTION OR DEMOLITION.28 BS EN 1991-1-6:2005EN 1991-1-6
21、:2005 (E)3 BIBLIOGRAPHY.28BS EN 1991-1-6:2005EN 1991-1-6:2005 (E)4 Foreword This European document (EN 1991-1-6), has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 “Structural Eurocodes”, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of national standard,
22、 either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This document will supersede ENV 1991-2-6:1996. Annexes A1 and A2 a
23、re normative and Annex B is informative. This standard includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following coun-tries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Esto-n
24、ia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Com
25、munity decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on Article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiativ
26、e to establish a set of harmonized technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Commi
27、ttee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1be-tween the Commission and CEN,
28、to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissions Decisions dealing wit
29、h European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market). The Structural Eurocode programme
30、 comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of parts: EN 1990 Eurocode Basis of structural design EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite
31、 steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design 1Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the wo
32、rk on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89). BS EN 1991-1-6:2005EN 1991-1-6:2005 (E)5 EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognize the responsibility of reg
33、ulatory authorities in each Member State and have safe-guarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at the national level where these con-tinue to vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognize tha
34、t Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes : as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N1 Mechanical resistance and stability and Essential Requir
35、ement N2 Safety in case of fire ; as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services ; as a framework for drawing up harmonized technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works them
36、selves, have a direct relationship with the Inter-pretative Documents2referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonized product standards3. Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately consid-ered by CEN Technical Comm
37、ittees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving a full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole struc-tures and component products
38、 of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or de-sign conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases. National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocode
39、s will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any an-nexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be followed by a National Annex. The National Annex may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the E
40、urocode for na-tional choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engi-neering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e. : values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode, values to be used where a symbol only is
41、 given in the Eurocode, country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc), e.g. snow map, the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the Eurocode. It may also contain: decisions on the application of informative annexes, references to non-contradictory complementary informa
42、tion to assist the user to apply the Eurocode. 2According to Article 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for hENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3Accordi
43、ng to Article 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall : a)give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonizing the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ; b)indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels
44、 of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ; c)serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonized standards and guidelines for European technical approvals. The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role i
45、n the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2. BS EN 1991-1-6:2005EN 1991-1-6:2005 (E)6 Links between Eurocodes and harmonized technical specifications (ENs and ETAs) for products There is a need for consistency between the harmonized technical specifications for construction products and the technical
46、 rules for works4. Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of the construction prod-ucts which refer to Eurocodes shall clearly mention which Nationally Determined Parameters have been taken into account. Additional information specific to EN 1991-1-6 EN 1991-1-6 describes Princ
47、iples and Application rules for the determination of actions to be considered during execution of buildings and civil engineering works, including the following aspects : actions on structural and non-structural members during handling; geotechnical actions ; actions due to prestressing effects ; pr
48、e-deformations ; temperature, shrinkage, hydration effects ; wind actions ; snow loads ; actions caused by water ; actions due to atmospheric icing ; construction loads ; accidental actions seismic actions; EN 1991-1-6 is intended for use by: clients (e.g. for the formulation of their specific requi
49、rements), designers and constructors, relevant authorities. EN 1991-1-6 is intended to be used with EN 1990, the other parts of EN 1991 and EN 1992 to EN 1999 for the de-sign of structures. 4see Article 3.3 and Article 12 of the CPD, as well as clauses 4.2, 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID 1. BS EN 1991-1-6:2005EN 1991-1-6:2005 (E)7 National annex This part of EN1991 gives alternative procedures, values and recommendations for classes with notes indicating where national ch
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