1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1993-2:2006Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures Part 2: Steel bridgesICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10; 93.040g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g5
2、3g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Incorporating corrigendum July 2009 National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1993-2:2006, incorporating corrigendum July 2009. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating chan
3、ges to CEN text carry the number of the CEN corrigendum. For example, text altered by July 2009 corrigendum is indicated by .The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials: concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and alu
4、minium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the co-existence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available.Following publication of t
5、he EN, there is a period allowed for national calibration during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a co-existence period of a maximum three years. During the co-existence period Member States are encouraged to adapt their national provisions. At the end of this co-existence period, the
6、 conflicting parts of national standard(s) will be withdrawn.In the UK, the primary corresponding national standard is:BS 5400-3:2000, Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Code of practice for design of steel bridges BS EN 1993-2 partially supersedes BS 5400-3, which will be withdrawn by March 201
7、0. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/31, Structural use of steel.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Where a normative p
8、art of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text as Recommended Values, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a
9、 particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN.To enable EN 1993-2 to be used in the UK, the NDPs have been published in a National Annex, which has been issued separately by BSI.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a con
10、tract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 1993-2:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2010Amendments/co
11、rrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 31 January 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum July 2009ISBN 978 0 580 66451 9EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 1993-2ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10; 93.040 Supersedes ENV 1993-2:1997 English VersionEurocode 3 - Design of steel structures -
12、 Part 2: Steel BridgesEurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 2:Ponts mtalliquesEurocode 3 - Bemessung und konstruktion von Stahlbauten- Teil 2: StahlbrckenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 January 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulati
13、ons which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European
14、 Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national st
15、andards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EURO
16、PEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1993-2:2006: EIncorporating cor
17、rigendum July 2009October 2006EN 1993-2: 2006 (E) 2 Contents Page 1 General . 9 1.1 Scope 9 1.2 Normative references 9 1.3 Assumptions 10 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules 10 1.5 Terms and definitions 10 1.6 Symbols 11 1.7 Conventions for member axes 11 2 Basis of design 11 2.
18、1 Requirements 11 2.2 Principles of limit state design 12 2.3 Basic variables 13 2.4 Verification by the partial factor method 13 2.5 Design assisted by testing 13 3 Materials. 13 3.1 General 13 3.2 Structural steel 13 3.3 Connecting devices 15 3.4 Cables and other tension elements 16 3.5 Bearings 1
19、6 3.6 Other bridge components 16 4 Durability . 17 5 Structural analysis. 18 5.1 Structural modelling for analysis 18 5.2 Global analysis 18 5.3 Imperfections 19 5.4 Methods of analysis considering material non-linearities 19 5.5 Classification of cross sections 19 6 Ultimate limit states. 20 6.1 Ge
20、neral 20 6.2 Resistance of cross sections 20 6.3 Buckling resistance of members 23 6.4 Built-up compression members 27 6.5 Buckling of plates 27 7 Serviceability limit states 28 7.1 General 28 7.2 Calculation models 28 7.3 Limitations for stress 29 7.4 Limitation of web breathing 29 7.5 Limits for c
21、learance gauges 30 7.6 Limits for visual impression 30 7.7 Performance criteria for railway bridges 30 7.8 Performance criteria for road bridges 30 7.9 Performance criteria for pedestrian bridges 31 7.10 Performance criteria for the effect of wind 31 7.11 Accessibility of joint details and surfaces
22、31 7.12 Drainage 31 8 Fasteners, welds, connections and joints . 32 8.1 Connections made of bolts, rivets and pins 32 BS EN 1993-2:2006EN 1993-2: 2006 (E) 3 8.2 Welded connections 34 9 Fatigue assessment. 36 9.1 General 36 9.2 Fatigue loading 37 9.3 Partial factors for fatigue verifications 37 9.4 F
23、atigue stress range 38 9.5 Fatigue assessment procedures 40 9.6 Fatigue strength 47 9.7 Post weld treatment 48 10 Design assisted by testing 48 10.1 General 48 10.2 Types of tests 48 10.3 Verification of aerodynamic effects on bridges by testing 48 Annex A informative Technical specifications for be
24、arings 50 A.1 Scope 50 A.2 Symbols 51 A.3 General 51 A.4 Preparation of the bearing schedule 54 A.5 Supplementary rules for particular types of bearings 64 Annex B informative Technical specifications for expansion joints for road bridges. 66 B.1 Scope 66 B.2 Technical specifications 67 B.3 Imposed
25、loads, displacements and rotations from bridge movements 69 Annex C informative Recommendations for the structural detailing of steel bridge decks . 70 C.1 Highway bridges 70 C.2 Railway bridges 80 C.3 Tolerances for semi-finished products and fabrication 83 Annex D informative Buckling lengths of m
26、embers in bridges and assumptions for geometrical imperfections 91 D.1 General 91 D.2 Trusses 91 D.3 Arched Bridges 96 Annex E informative Combination of effects from local wheel and tyre loads and from global traffic loads on road bridges. 101 E.1 Combination rule for global and local load effects
27、101 E.2 Combination factor 102 BS EN 1993-2:2006EN 1993-2: 2006 (E) 4 Foreword This European Standard EN 1993-2, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 2: Steel bridges, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 Structural Eurocodes , the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250
28、is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007 and conflicting National Standards shall be withdrawn at latest by March 2010. This Eurocode
29、 supersedes ENV 1993-2. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ire
30、land, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of
31、construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for
32、 the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted
33、the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the
34、Eurocodes to the CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissions Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89
35、/106/EEC on construction products CPD and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market). The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisti
36、ng of a number of Parts: EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5:
37、 Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design 1Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civ
38、il engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89). BS EN 1993-2:2006EN 1993-2: 2006 (E) 5 EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have sa
39、feguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following
40、 purposes : as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N1 - Mechanical resistance and stability - and Essential Requirement N2 - Safety in case of fire; as a basis for spec
41、ifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services; as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpreta
42、tive Documents2referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from a harmonised product standard3. Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product st
43、andards with a view to achieving a full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual
44、 forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases. National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including
45、any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be followed by a National annex (informative). The National Annex (informative) may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocode for national choice, k
46、nown as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e. : values for partial factors and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode, values to be used where a symbol only is given in th
47、e Eurocode, geographical and climatic data specific to the Member State, e.g. snow map, the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the Eurocode, references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eurocode. 2According to Art. 3.3 of the C
48、PD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for hENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall : a) give concrete fo
49、rm to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ; c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals. The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field
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