1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1998-5:2004 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance Part 5: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects The European Standard EN 1998-5:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.120.25 BS EN 1998-5:2004 This British Standard was publish
2、ed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 8 April 2005 BSI 8 April 2005 ISBN 0 580 45873 3 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1998-5:2004. It supersedes DD ENV 1998-5:1996 which is withdrawn. The structural Eurocodes
3、are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials, concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium, which is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting natio
4、nal standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period of 2 years allowed for the national calibration period during which the national annex is issued, followed by a three year c
5、oexistence period. During the coexistence period Member States will be encouraged to adapt their national provisions to withdraw conflicting national rules before the end of the coexistent period. The Commission in consultation with Member States is expected to agree the end of the coexistence perio
6、d for each package of Eurocodes. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Structural eurocodes, to Subcommittee B/525/8, Structures in seismic regions, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained
7、 on request to its secretary. Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be specific value for a factor, a s
8、pecific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable EN 1998 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex, which will be made available by BSI in due course, after public consultation has taken place. There
9、are generally no requirements in the UK to consider seismic loading, and the whole of the UK may be considered an area of very low seismicity in which the provisions of EN 1998 need apply. However, certain types of structure, by reason of their function, location or form, may warrant an explicit con
10、sideration of seismic actions. It is the intention in due course to publish separately background information on the circumstances in which this might apply in the UK. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be fo
11、und in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are res
12、ponsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep
13、 the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 44, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displaye
14、d in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1998-5 November 2004 ICS 91.120.25 Supersedes ENV 1998-5:1994 English version Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquak
15、e resistance Part 5: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects Eurocode 8: Calcul des structures pour leur rsistance aux sismes Partie 5: Fondations, ouvrages de soutnement et aspects gotechniques Eurocode 8: Auslegung von Bauwerken gegen Erdbeben Teil 5: Grndungen, Sttzbauwerke und
16、 geotechnische Aspekte This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists an
17、d bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibi
18、lity of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, I
19、taly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Bru
20、ssels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1998-5:2004: EEN 1998-5:2004 (E) 2 Contents FOREWORD4 1 GENERAL.8 1.1 SCOPE 8 1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 8 1.2.1 General reference standards8 1.3 ASSUMPTIONS 9 1.4 DISTINCTIO
21、N BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS RULES9 1.5 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .9 1.5.1 Terms common to all Eurocodes 9 1.5.2 Additional terms used in the present standard 9 1.6 SYMBOLS .9 1.7 S.I. UNITS 11 2 SEISMIC ACTION.12 2.1 DEFINITION OF THE SEISMIC ACTION 12 2.2 TIME-HISTORY REPRESENTATION.12 3 GROU
22、ND PROPERTIES 13 3.1 STRENGTH PARAMETERS13 3.2 STIFFNESS AND DAMPING PARAMETERS .13 4 REQUIREMENTS FOR SITING AND FOR FOUNDATION SOILS14 4.1 SITING14 4.1.1 General .14 4.1.2 Proximity to seismically active faults.14 4.1.3 Slope stability .14 4.1.3.1 General requirements 14 4.1.3.2 Seismic action . 1
23、4 4.1.3.3 Methods of analysis. 15 4.1.3.4 Safety verification for the pseudo-static method. 16 4.1.4 Potentially liquefiable soils.16 4.1.5 Excessive settlements of soils under cyclic loads.18 4.2 GROUND INVESTIGATION AND STUDIES18 4.2.1 General criteria .18 4.2.2 Determination of the ground type fo
24、r the definition of the seismic action .19 4.2.3 Dependence of the soil stiffness and damping on the strain level 19 5 FOUNDATION SYSTEM21 5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 21 5.2 RULES FOR CONCEPTUAL DESIGN.21 5.3 DESIGN ACTION EFFECTS22 5.3.1 Dependence on structural design 22 5.3.2 Transfer of action effe
25、cts to the ground22 5.4 VERIFICATIONS AND DIMENSIONING CRITERIA.23 5.4.1 Shallow or embedded foundations23 5.4.1.1 Footings (ultimate limit state design) 23 5.4.1.2 Foundation horizontal connections 24 5.4.1.3 Raft foundations 25 5.4.1.4 Box-type foundations 25 5.4.2 Piles and piers.26 6 SOIL-STRUCT
26、URE INTERACTION .27 7 EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES 28 7.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 28 7.2 SELECTION AND GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS.28 7.3 METHODS OF ANALYSIS .28EN 1998-5:2004 (E) 3 7.3.1 General methods.28 7.3.2 Simplified methods: pseudo-static analysis29 7.3.2.1 Basic models . 29 7.3.2.2 Seismic act
27、ion . 29 7.3.2.3 Design earth and water pressure 30 7.3.2.4 Hydrodynamic pressure on the outer face of the wall . 31 7.4 STABILITY AND STRENGTH VERIFICATIONS 31 7.4.1 Stability of foundation soil .31 7.4.2 Anchorage.31 7.4.3 Structural strength 32 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) TOPOGRAPHIC AMPLIFICATION FACT
28、ORS 33 ANNEX B (NORMATIVE) EMPIRICAL CHARTS FOR SIMPLIFIED LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS34 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) PILE-HEAD STATIC STIFFNESSES .36 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) DYNAMIC SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI). GENERAL EFFECTS AND SIGNIFICANCE37 ANNEX E (NORMATIVE) SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS FOR RETAINING STRUCTURE
29、S.38 ANNEX F (INFORMATIVE) SEISMIC BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS 42EN 1998-5:2004 (E) 4 Foreword This European Standard EN 19985, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects, has been prepared by Technical Committee
30、 CEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and c
31、onflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010. This document supersedes ENV 19985:1994. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cy
32、prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, th
33、e Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, t
34、he Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, w
35、ith the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement 1
36、between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or C
37、ommissions Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market).
38、1Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89).EN 1998-5:2004 (E) 5 The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following sta
39、ndards generally consisting of a number of Parts: EN 1990 Eurocode : Basis of Structural Design EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete struct
40、ures EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognise the respons
41、ibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recog
42、nise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes: as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N1 Mechanical resistance and stability and Essential
43、 Requirement N2 Safety in case of fire ; as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services ; as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction wor
44、ks themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents 2referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonised product standards 3 . Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Techni
45、cal Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes.2According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the
46、 creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and the mandates for harmonised ENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall : a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and
47、 indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ; b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ; c) serve as a reference for the estab
48、lishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals. The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2.EN 1998-5:2004 (E) 6 The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole struc
49、tures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases. National Standards implementing Eurocodes The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword
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