1、BS EN2002-005:2007ICS 49.025.10NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDAerospace series Test methods formetallic materialsPart 005: Uninterrupted creep andstress-rupture testingThis British Standard was published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy
2、 and StrategyCommittee on 28 February 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 58677 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 2002-005:2007National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 2002-005:2007. Itsupersedes BS 4A 4-1.3:1967 which is withdrawn.The UK particip
3、ation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/61/-/6, Mechanical testing of metallic materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. U
4、sers are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 2002-005:2007EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 2002-005November 2007ICS 49.025.10English VersionAerospace series - Test methods for metallic material
5、s - Part005: Uninterrupted creep and stress-rupture testingSrie arospatiale - Mthodes dessais applicables auxmatriaux mtalliques - Partie 005 : Essai non interrompude fluage et essai de rupture par fluageLuft- und Raumfahrt - Prfverfahren fr metallischeWerkstoffe - Teil 005: Kriech- und Zeitstandver
6、such unterkonstanter ZugbeanspruchungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-da
7、te lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the
8、responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
9、Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de
10、Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 2002-005:2007: EBS EN 2002-005:2007EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Principle4 4 Terms and definitio
11、ns .4 5 Symbols and abbreviations 7 6 Specification of test requirements.9 7 Testing equipment.9 8 Proportional test pieces11 9 Non-proportional test pieces13 10 Preparation of test piece from sample 13 11 Measurement of cross-sectional area .14 12 Marking the original gauge length .14 13 Heating of
12、 test piece14 14 Temperature control and observations.14 15 Loading of the test piece 14 16 Stress rupture test.15 17 Creep strain test Determination of total plastic strain15 18 Test report 16 BS EN 2002-005:2007EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 2002-005:2007) has been prepared by t
13、he Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of AS
14、D, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2008. Attention is drawn t
15、o the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following c
16、ountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
17、Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 2002-005:2007EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 4 1 Scope This standard applies to uninterrupted constant-load tensile creep strain and stress-rupture testing of metallic materials governed by aerospace standards. It defines the properties that may need to
18、be determined and the terms used in describing tests and test pieces. It specifies the dimensions of test pieces and the method of testing. The duration of the creep strain and stress-rupture tests complying with this standard shall be less than 10 000 h and at temperatures not exceeding 1 100 C. Th
19、is standard may also apply to metallic materials for test durations exceeding 10 000 h and/or for test temperatures exceeding 1 100 C providing that previous agreement has been reached between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispens
20、able for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tensio
21、n/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO 9513, Metallic materials Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing (ISO 9513:1999) ASTM E 1012-91, Practice for verification of specimen alignment under tensile loading. 1)3
22、 Principle The test consists in maintaining a test piece at a uniform temperature and subjecting it to a constant tensile force at that temperature in order to determine specified properties. 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 te
23、st piece portion of the test sample on which the creep strain or stress-rupture test is carried out (see Figures 1 to 5) 4.2 proportional test piece these test pieces have an original basis gauge length (Lo= Leoor Ls) which bears a specified relationship to the cross-sectional area This ensures that
24、 comparable values for percentage elongation after rupture (A) are obtained from test pieces of different size but having the same relationship. The relationship Lo= 5,65oS which for test pieces of circular cross section gives a value of Lo= 5 dohas been accepted by international agreement and is pr
25、eferred in the use of this standard. The relationship is indicated in the symbol for percentage elongation after rupture (A) as a subscript, e.g. A5representing the ratio Lo/d. 1) Published by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. BS EN 2002-005
26、:2007EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 5 4.3 non-proportional test piece in cases where the original basis gauge length has not the defined relationship to the cross-sectional area, a subscript shall be used with the symbol for elongation A to indicate the gauge length, i.e. A40 mm4.4 gauge length a length of th
27、e test piece on which elongation is measured at any moment during the test 4.5 measurement gauge length (Lm) the measurement gauge length shall be defined as either the extensometer gauge length Leofor test pieces measured with extensometers gripping the parallel portion of the specimen or small ann
28、ular ridges, when these are used, or the shoulder gauge length Lsfor test pieces where extension is measured between points including the transition radii and/or gripping portions of the test piece The measurement gauge length (Lm) is to be used only for the numerator in elongation calculations; tha
29、t is, the change in length of that part of the test piece defined as Lm, whereas the basis gauge length, i.e. Leoor Ls, is to be used for the denominator. 4.6 extensometer gauge length (Leo) where an extensometer is attached directly to the parallel portion of the unloaded test piece, the extensomet
30、er gauge length (Leo) is equal to the distance between the points of contact of the extensometer measured at room temperature, and shall also be used as the corresponding basis gauge length Alternatively, the extensometer may be attached to annular ridges on the parallel portion. In these cases, the
31、 basis gauge length to be used as the denominator in the elongation calculations shall be the equivalent gauge length, calculated as shown (see 4.7). 4.7 basis gauge length for elongation calculations (Leoor Ls) the equivalent gauge length, i.e. the parallel length which would give the same extensio
32、n, including all loaded portions of the test piece between the measuring points, except the gripped ends It shall be used as the denominator in all elongation calculations. For stress-rupture test pieces, it is recommended that Leoor Lsbe calculated from the following equation: Leoor Ls= Lc+ 2 =kiii
33、oLdd12n)/( = 5,65oS where: Lcis the parallel length between the annular ridges or test piece ends, with a diameter do, k is the number of sections of length Liwith increasing diameter of diat the two transition radii. The correct Lcshall be selected, so that the effective gauge length equals 5,65 oS
34、 . It is recommended to use n = 6 as a basis for comparison, although the actual n for many aerospace materials is 6. This is based on the “power law“ creep relationship: .p= nK 4.8 shoulder gauge length (Ls) where the extension is measured at the test piece ends, or between reference marks on the e
35、nlarged ends of the test piece, the shoulder gauge length (Ls) shall be denoted The basis gauge length shall be calculated as in 4.7 and based on room temperature measurements, including all loaded portions of the test piece between the measuring points, except the gripped ends. BS EN 2002-005:2007E
36、N 2002-005:2007 (E) 6 4.9 parallel length (Lc) the length of the parallel portion of the test piece For some test pieces, Lcwill be less than Lm, the applicable original gauge length. 4.10 extension (Le) the increase of the extensometer gauge length from the initial length, Leoor Leo, indicated at t
37、he test temperature before loading, to a value Leat a given moment during the test. 4.11 final measurement length after rupture (Lu) the measure of the applicable gauge length (Leuor Lsu) after the test piece has ruptured, measured at room temperature This may include the unstressed test piece ends,
38、 if the total length is used as the gauge length. 4.12 percentage elongation after rupture (A) the permanent increase in length (Lu Lm) of the applicable measurement gauge length, expressed as a percentage of the original applicable basis gauge length (Leoor Ls), for example: A = eoeouLLL 100, all m
39、easurements being made at room temperature 4.13 percentage extension during testing (Af) the increase of the applicable gauge length, at a given time under full load, expressed as a percentage of the original applicable gauge length The initial plastic strain during loading shall not be included in
40、Af, just the elongation after attainment of full load (see Figure 6). 4.14 percentage total plastic strain (Ap) the total plastic extension of the original applicable measurement gauge length (Leoor Ls) inclusive of any plastic extensions during loading (i.e. the total extension excluding elastic ex
41、tensions), expressed as a percentage of the original applicable basis gauge length (see Figures 6 and 7) 4.15 original section (So) the cross-sectional area of the gauge length of the test piece, determined before testing 4.16 final section (Su) the minimum cross-sectional area of the test piece, af
42、ter rupture 4.17 percentage reduction of area after rupture (Z) the maximum decrease of the cross-sectional area (So Su) expressed as a percentage of the original cross-sectional area (So), i.e. Z = ouoSSS 100 BS EN 2002-005:2007EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 7 4.18 stress () the force on the test piece divid
43、ed by the original cross-sectional area of the parallel portion It should be noted that the thermal expansion of the test piece during heating increases the effective cross-sectional area. The effective stress is therefore slightly less than , which is based on room temperature. 4.19 rupture complet
44、e fracture of the test piece within the original gauge length under constant force and at constant temperature 4.20 time to rupture (tr) the total time, at the test temperature and the test force, to the rupture of the test piece (see Figure 7) 4.21 time to specified total plastic strain (tp) the to
45、tal time, at the test temperature and including the portion of the loading time after the loading curve deviates from an extension of the linear-elastic modulus line, until the specified total plastic strain (Ap) is reached (see Figure 6) 4.22 theoretical stress concentration factor (Kt) the ratio o
46、f the greatest in the region of a notch as determined by the theory of elasticity to the corresponding nominal stress Kt= nom.peakwhere Ktis the theoretical stress concentration factor; peakis the peak stress by notch; nom.is the nominal stress. 5 Symbols and abbreviations See Table 1 and Figures 1
47、to 5. BS EN 2002-005:2007EN 2002-005:2007 (E) 8 Table 1 Symbol Unit Designation a mm Thickness of test section of test piece of rectangular cross-section A % Percentage elongation after rupture Af% Percentage strain during testing Ap% Percentage total plastic strain Notch angle b mm Width of test se
48、ction of test piece of rectangular cross-section d mm Diameter of test section of test piece of circular cross-section dnmm Diameter of test piece at root of notch Dnmm Diameter of the parallel portion of a notched test piece of circular cross-section Kt Theoretical stress concentration factor of a
49、notched test piece Lcmm Parallel length Lemm Extensometer gauge length (Leo= initial ; Leu= final) Lo, Leoor Lsmm Basis gauge length for elongation calculations Lemm Extension of extensometer gauge length Lmmm Measurement gauge length Lnmm Parallel length of the test piece containing the notch Lsmm Shoulder gauge length for test without extensometer on the parallel length (Lso= initial; Lsu= final) Ltmm Total length of the test piece Lumm Final measurement length after rupture r mm Transition radius rnmm Notch r
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