1、 - , STD-BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1775 D 1b24bb7 0582827 O9b D BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES Carbon fibre reinforced plastics - Unidirectional laminates - Tensile test parallel to the fibre direction The European Standard EN 2561 : 1995 has the status of a British Standard ICs 49.040.10 UM: 678.6.046
2、 : 667.494-039.626 : 620.172.629.7 BS EN 2561 : 1995 - - STD-BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1775 lb2Vbb7 0582828 T82 = BS EN 2561 : 1995 Amd. No. This British Standard, having been prepaxed under the direction of the Engineering Sector hard, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes in
3、to effect on 15 December 1995 O BSI 1995 Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this European Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/64, Aerospace structural reinforced plastics, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plas
4、tics Federation Ministry of Defence Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited Amendments issued since publication The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE164 Draft for comment 88/72264 DC ISBN O 68 23109 7 I I STD-BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL L775 m Lb2qb
5、b7 0582827 717 m BS EN 2561 : 1995 Contents Committees responsible National foreword page Inside front cover ii Foreword kxt of EN 2561 2 3 i STD=BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1995 W 1bZLibb9 0582830 b30 W BS EN 2561 : 1995 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the A
6、erospace Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN 2561 : 1995 Aerospace series - Carbon fibre reinforced plastics - Unidirectional laminates - Emsile test parallel to the fibre direction, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 2561 was produced
7、as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom took an active part. Cross-references Publication referred to EN 2744 : 1992 Corresponding British Standard BS EN 2744 : 1992 Non-metallic materials - Preferred test temperatures Compliance with a British Standard does not of itsel
8、f confer immunity from legal obligations. STD*BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1995 Lb24bb7 0582833 577 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 2561 September 1995 ICs 49.040.10 Descriptors: aircraft industry, laminates, reinforced plastics, carbon fibres, thermosetting resins, tension tests English
9、 version Aerospace series - Carbon fibre reinforced plasties - Unidirectional laminates - Tensile test parallel to the fibre direction Srie arospatiale - Plastiques renforcs de fibres de carbone - Stratifis unidirectionnels - Essai de traction paralllement la direction des fibres Luft - und Raumfahr
10、t - Kohlenstoffaserverstrkte Kunststoffe - Unidirektionale Laminate - Zugprfung parallel zur Faserrichtung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-09-19. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENXENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standa
11、rd the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, G
12、erman). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France
13、, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 19
14、95 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 2561 : 1995 E STD*BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1775 Lb2LIbbS 0582832 LI03 Page 2 EN 2561 : 1995 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers ( AECMA) . After inquiries and votes carried out in accorda
15、nce with the rules of this Association, this Standard has successively received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of AECMA, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shali be given the status of a national standard, either by p
16、ublication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1996. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the foliowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium
17、, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. STD-BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1775 M Lb24bb7 0582833 34T M Page 3 EN 2561: 1995 1 Scope This standard specifies the method of determination of the
18、 ultimate tensile strength, tensile modulus and, if required, the Poissons ratio and strain at failure in tension of carbon fibre reinforced plastics in the form of unidirectional laminates. This method is only applicable to specimens where the axis is parallel to the direction of the fibres. 2 Norm
19、ative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of
20、 any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 2489 EN 2565 EN 2743 EN 2744 EN 2823 3 Aerospace series - Fibre reinforced plastics - Determination o
21、f the action of test fluids Aerospace series - Preparation of carbon fibre reinforced resin panels for test purposes Aerospace series - Reinforced plastics - Standard procedures for conditioning prior to testing Aerospace series - Non-metallic materiais - Preferred test temperatures Aerospace series
22、 - Fibre reinforced plastics - Test method for the determination of the effect of exposure to humid atmosphere on physical and mechanical characteristics De fin it i o ns For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply : 3.1 Tensile stress Tensile load experienced by the specimen
23、at any moment during the test, per initial unit cross sectional area within the free length. 3.2 Ultimate tensile strength (aTl Tensile stress at the moment failure occurs. 3.3 Ultimate tensile strength related to the fibre (a,) The ultimate tensile strength calculated as a function of the fibre cro
24、ss sectional area and based on the hypothesis that all the tensile load is carried by the fibres. Published as AECMA Prestandard at the date of publication of this standard STD-BSI BS EN 2SbL-ENGL 1995 Lb24bb9 0582834 28b page 4 EN 2561 : 1995 3.4 Strains (E, and %) Change in the distance between re
25、ference points in the specimen free length, produced by a tensile load and expressed with respect to the initial distance between these points. E, is the strain measured parallel to the fibre direction. 22 is the strain measured perpendicular to the fibre direction (in the plane of the laminate). 3.
26、5 Percentage strain to failure (A %) Increase in the distance between reference points in the specimen free length, produced by a tensile load and expressed as a percentage of the initiai distance between these points and measured at the moment of failure. 3.6 Slope of the straight line passing thro
27、ugh : Secant modulus between PRAO and PR/2 (ET,) - the point of the stresdstrain diagram parallel to the load axis, corresponding to a stress calculated from PR/2 ; - the point on the same diagram corresponding to a stress calculated from PR/lO. PR is the load at failure of the specimen. 3.7 Secant
28、modulus related to the fibre (E,) The secant modulus calculated as a function of the fibre cross sectional area and based on the hypothesis that all the tensile load is carried by the fibres. 3.8 Poissons ratio (v ,2) Absolute value of the ratio of the difference in strain 22 to the difference in st
29、rain gll, measured between - EN 2489 for tests after immersion ; - EN 2823 for tests after humidity exposure STD-BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1775 D Lb24bbS 058283b O59 D Page 6 EN 2561 : 1995 7.2 Tests 7.2.1 located 30 mm from the centre. Measure the width to within 0,Ol mm in the centre of the specimen and
30、 at two opposite points b is the arithmetic mean of these three measurements. Measure the thickness to within 0,Ol mm in the centre of the specimen and at two opposite points on the specimen axis and located 30 mm from the centre. h is the arithmetic mean of these three measurements. 7.2.2 of the te
31、st shall conform to the following conditions : For tests at temperatures other than ambient, the period separating the conditioning and start - For specimens which have not been aged or subjected to immersion, the exposure time at the test temperature shall be established by preliminary tests. - Ifo
32、r specimens subjected to immersion, see EN 2489. - :For humidity aged specimens, see EN 2823. 7.2.3 introdudion of any bending loads. The alignment of the specimen in the test machine jaws shall be sufficient to avoid the 7.2.4 The jaws shall entrap the tabs of the specimens of types A and 6 (see fi
33、gure A.l). 7.2.5 The load shall be applied at a constant rate of jaw separation of 2 mm/min. 7.2.6 as a fundion of load. Record the strain cil and, if necessary, the strain 22 using the extensometer or strain gauges 7.2.7 Record the load at failure PR and, if necessary, the strain at failure (E). 8
34、Expression of results 8.1 Ultimate tensile strength u71 (MPa) where: PR b h 8.2 where: n Mst Pf PR b is the load at failure, in newtons ; is the width, in millimeters ; is the thickness, in millimeters. Ultimate tensile strength related to the fibre of (MPa) PR pf Of = nbMd is the number of plies ;
35、is the mass per unit area of fibre, in grams per square meter, per ply ; is the density of fibre, in kilograms per cubic meter : is the load at failure, in newtons; is the width, in millimeters. STD*BSI BS EN 25bl-ENGL 1995 LbZLibbS 0582837 T95 Page 7 EN 2561 : 1995 8.3 Determine the strains from th
36、e recorded loadktrain diagram (figure 1) Secant modulus ET1, (MPa) between PR 110 and PR /2 where: Figure 1 is the load at failure, in newtons ; is the width, in millimeters ; is the thickness, in millimeters ; is the strain parallel to the fibre direction corresponding to PR /10 ; is the strain par
37、allel to the fibre direction corresponding to fR 12. PR b h (E, STDOBSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1995 lbZLIbb7 0582838 921 Page 8 EN 2561 : 1995 8.4 where: PR n Pf 4f b ( is the number of plies ; is the density of fibre, in kilograms per cubic meter; is the mass per unit aera of fibre, in grams per square me
38、ter; is the width, in millimeters; is the strain parallel to the fibre direction corresponding to PR/ ; is the strain parallel to the fibre direction corresponding to PR/2. Poissons ratio v12 is the strain parallel to the fibre direction corresponding to PR/l O ; is the strain parallel to the fibre
39、direction corresponding to PR/2 ; is the strain perpendicular to the direction corresponding to PR/ O ; is the strain perpendicular to the direction corresponding to PR/2. Percentage strain to failure A YO A K = 100 (11) (q ,)R = strain to failure parallel to the fibre direction 8.7 Validity The fai
40、lure shall occur within the free length of the specimen but may extend under the end tabs or within the test machine jaws. STD-BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1775 lb24bb7 0582837 8bA Page 9 EN 2561 : 1995 . 9 Designation EXAMPLE : Type of specimen (see annex A) Number of this standard 10 Test report It shall i
41、nclude the following : - designation (see 9) ; - all data ensuring the traceability of the material (trade mark, identification, marking, date of receipt etc.) ; - all information regarding specimen preparation ; - specimen dimensions ; - test conditions, for example test temperature, relative humid
42、ity if these differ from this standard ; - exposure time at the test temperature ; - load/strain diagram : - ultimate tensile strength aT, and mode of failure ; - method of strain measurement (extensometer or strain gauges) ; - secant modulus ET, between fRI and fR/2 ; - Poissons ratio vlZ (if requi
43、red) ; - ultimate tensile strength related to the fibre at (if required) ; - secant modulus - percentage strain to failure A (%) ; - individual values, arithmetic mean and standard deviation ; - any incident which may have affected the results. between P/10 and PRQ related to the fibre (if required)
44、 ; STD-BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1995 H Lb24bb7 0582840 58T H page 10 EN 2561 : 1995 r: / Annex A (normative) I Form, dimensions of specimen, test fixture 65 f 15 See figures A.1 and A.2 and table A.1. The dimensions are expressed in millimetres. - (free length) - 65 * 15 I w I I 4 I cl Direction 2 I 4 Di
45、rection 1 I Direction 2 s I -cl i- 250 * l 1 (projection of jaws) u Jaws I Figure A.1 - Specimen and test fixture, types A and B 250 5 1 I . Figure A.2 - Specimen and test fixture, type C . A 2) STDmBSI BS EN B 2) C 3) 25bL-ENGL 1795 11b24bbS 05828411 41b b h 1) Table A.l 10 f 0,5 15 f 0,5 15 f 0,5
46、1 f 0,2 2 f 0,2 1 f 0,2 Page 11 EN 2561 : 1995 Specimen type Symbol 2) Specimens provided with end tabs of 1581 type glass -epoxy laminate, arranged at f 45 (thickness between 0,5 mm and 1 mm). End tabs are bonded onto the specimen using an adhesive. The type of adhesive and its curing cycle shall b
47、e compatible with the test conditions, the thermal characteristics of the end tabs and those of the material. 3, Specimens without end tabs reserved for machines with jaws whose grip pressure is regulated during the test (hydraulic device or equivalent). . STD-BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 1775 Lb2qbb7 058284
48、2 352 BS EN 2561 : 1995 List of references See national foreword. STD*BSI BS EN 25bL-ENGL 2775 m Lb24bb7 0582843 277 BS EN 2561 : 1995 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL ISBN O 080 23109 7 ACE164 BSI - British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing
49、 British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Contract requirements A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. Any pers
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