EN 538-1994 en Clay Roofing Tiles for Discontinuous Laying - Flexural Strength Test《不连续铺设用粘土屋面瓦 弯曲强度试验》.pdf

1、 CEN EN*538 94 m 3404589 O076947 O99 m BRITISH STANDARD Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying - Flexural strength test The European Standard EN 538 : 1994 has the status of a British %andard UDC 691.424 ti66.74 621) 17 BS EN 538 : 1994 CEN EN*538 94 3404589 0076748 T25 of the Standards Board a

2、nd comes into effect on 15 December 1994 G BSI 1994 Amd. No. BS EN 538 : 1994 Date Text affected Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following co

3、untries: Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Institut belge de normalisation Dansk Standard Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r. y. Association franais

4、e de normalisation Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Hellenic Organization for Standardization Technological Institute of Iceland National Standards Authority of Ireland Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Inspection du Travail et des Mines Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norges Standardiseri

5、ngsforbund Instituto Portugus da Qualidade Asociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certificacin Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Association suisse de normalisation British Standards Institution The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: committee reference BI54213 Draft for

6、 comment 91116433 DC ISBN O 580 23104 6 CEN EN*53 74 3404587 0076949 761 BS EN 538 : 1994 Contents Cooperating organizations National foreword Page Inside front cover i Foreword 2 Txt of EN 538 3 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover National annex NB (informative)

7、 Cross-references Inside back cover National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of %chnical Committee B/542, Roofing and cladding products for discontinuous laying, and is the Enghsh language version of EN 538 : 1994, Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying - Fl

8、exural strength test, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 538 partially replaces BS 402 : 1990, which will be withdrawn in due course. EN 538 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the UK took an active part. Compliance with a British Standard do

9、es not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. i _ CEN EN*538 94 m 3404589 0076950 683 m EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 538 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM May 1994 UDC 69 1.424.666.74: 620.17 Descriptors: Ceramics, roofing tiles, determination, flexural strength, break strength English version Clay

10、 roofing tiles for discontinuous laying - Flexural strength test Tuiles de terre cuite pour pose en discontinu - Dtermination de la rsistance la rupture par flexion Tondachziegel fr berlappende Verlegung - Prfung der Biegetragfhigkeit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-05-18. CEN mem

11、bers are bound to comply with the CENXENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applicati

12、on to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the s

13、ame status as the official versions. CEN membeis are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardiza

14、tion Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 538 : 1994 E Previous page is blank CEN ENt538 94 m 3404589 0076953 5LT m Foreword This European Standard has been prepared

15、 by CEN/TC 128, Roof covering products for discontinuous laying, the Secretariat of which is held by ON. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1994, and conflicting national sta

16、ndards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 1994. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Po

17、rtugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Contents Foreword 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Symbols and abbreviations 4 Test principle 5 Samples 6 Apparatus 7 Test procedure 7.1 Plain tiles 7.2 Tiles with sidelock and headlock, tiles with sidelock only, and overlapping tiles 7.3 Over and

18、under tiles 7.3.1Tiles without nibs 7.3.2Tiles with nib(s) with or without flat bottom 8 Testreport page 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 8 CEN EN*538 94 3404589 0076952 456 = 1 Scope This European Standard describes the test method used to evaluate the flexural strength of clay roofing tiles as defined in

19、 the standard EN 1304 Clay roofing tiles - Product definitions and specifkations. Other physical characteristics are dealt with by the standard EN 539 Clay roofing tiles - Determination of physical characteristics: Impermeability and frost resistance. 2 Normative references This European Standard in

20、corporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this

21、European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 1304 EN 539 EN 539-1 Impermeability test EN 539-2 Frost tests) IS0 48 : 1979 Clay rwfing tiles - Product - a system used as lower bearers and

22、, depending on the type of tile, either made up of rods or half-rods, one of which is articulated in order to rotate in a vertical plane and obtain as uniform a load distribution as possible on the sample, or for some over and under tiles by a flat plate supporting the tile; - a rand steel bar fitte

23、d to the bottom of the load application device. The upper and lower bearers shall have a radius of between 15 mm and 20 mm and a length greater than the width of the tile to be tested; - a set of hardwood shims used for chocking the lower bearers as defined in 7.2; - a hardwood shim adapted to the s

24、hape of the tile as defined in 7.2, should this chocking system be preferred to the plaster shim type; For apparatus where the weight of the tile and fittings is taken into account when reading the load, the corresponding tare is not included in the failure load value. 7 bst procedure 7.1 Plain tile

25、s Place the tile on the two lower bearers (see figure 2) so that: - the first bearer is in the position normally occupied by the batten; - the second bearer is separated from the first by a distance equal to two thirds of the overaii length (L) of the tile. Place this assembly in such a position tha

26、t the load application bar is parallel to the two lower bearers and equidistant from both. Note the distance between the bearer axes. Apply the test load progressively at a rate of not more than 0,05 kN/s until the sample fails. Note the value (F) of the load at failure, expressed in kN and rounded

27、off to two decimal points. CEN EN*538 94 D 3404589 0076953 392 D Page 4 EN 538 : 1994 Fgure 2. lst for pla.in tiles 7.2 Tiles with sidelock and headlock, tiles with sidelock oniy and overiapping tiles Place the tile on the two lower bearers in the same horizontal plane (see figure 3) so that: - the

28、first bearer is in the position normally occupied by the batten; - the second bearer is separated from the first by a distance equal to two-thirds of the overall length (L) of the tile. In order to ensure that the tile remains in a stable position, use wooden shims of the same width as the upper shi

29、m to support the tile on the lower bearers, and a shim adapted to fit the shape of the tile for the upper bearer. This upper support can be obtained either by using a contoured hardwood shim (figures 4.1 and 4.2) or a moulded plaster one (figures 5.1 and 5.2) to keep the load application bar horizon

30、tal. The contoured piece of wood has a strip of rubber on the part in contact with the tile. This 5 mm-thick strip shall have a specified IRHD hardness 50 f 5, measured as per IS0 48 : 1979. The width of the contoured hardwood shim or moulded plaster shim shal be equal to the diameter of the load ap

31、plication bar. Place the assembly in such a position that the load application bar is parailel to the two lower bearers and equidistant from both. Note the distance between the bearer axes. Apply the load progressively at a rate of 0,05 kNs until the sample fails. Note the value (F) of the load at f

32、ailure, expressed in kN, and rounded off to the nearest two decimal points. 7.3 Over and under tiles 7.3.1 Tiles without nibs Place the tile, with its concavity facing downward in a horizontal position, on the plate of the apparatus so that the load application bar is in contact with the tiles upper

33、 generatrix and the bars horizontal pin is approximately halfway between the two ends of the tile (see figure 6). Apply the load progressively at a rate of approximately 0,05 kN/s until the sample fails. Note the value (F) of the load at failure, expressed in kN and rounded off to the nearest two de

34、cimal points. Determine the average load at failure as the arithmetical mean of ten readings expressed in kN and rounded off to two decimal points. 7.3.2 Tiles with nib(s) with or without flat bottom Place the tile on the two lower bearers (see figures 7 and 8) so that: - the first bearer is in the

35、position normally occupied by the batten; - the second bearer is separated from the first by a distance equal to two-thirds of the overall length (L) of the tile. in the case of tiles that lie only on one generatrix, hold the sample in place by using shims at one end (see diagram for method, Figure

36、8). Place the assembly in such a position that the load application bar is parallel to the two lower bearers and equidistant from both. Note the distance between the bearer axes. Apply the load progressively at a rate of approxhnatively 0,05 kN/s until the sample fails. Note the value (F) of the loa

37、d at failure, expressed in kN and rounded off to the nearest two decimal points. Determine the average load at failure as the arithmetical mean of ten readings expressed in kN and rounded off to the nearest two decimal points. Page 6 EN 538 : 1994 Shim LPoint for load appi cat ion Shim fitted to the

38、 height of the tile 1 Figure 3. Test method for interlocking tiles I Shim Contoured hardwood shim w 1 Figure 4.1. Test with contoured hardwood shim CEN EN*538 94 m 3404589 0076955 Lb5 m Page 6 EN 638 : 1994 Shim Ab-Shirn Fignre 4.2. Test with contoured hardwood shim (variation for tiles with no flat

39、 area) Shim Moulded Figure 6.1. Test with moulded plaster shim CEN EN*538 94 340Li589 0076956 OTL = Page 7 EN 638 : 1994 Shim Moulded piaster shim v Figure 6.2. Test with moulded plaster shim (variation) Load Figure 6. Test on over and under tiles without nibs CEN ENS538 94 W 3404589 0076957 T38 L F

40、gure 7. Test for over and under tiles with nibs not resting on one generatrix Figure 8. Test for over and under tiles with nibs resting on one generatrix only 8 Test report The test report shall specify: - the European standard number, EN 538; - the name of the test laboratory; - the date on which t

41、he laboratory received the sample; - the test date; - a description and identification of the tile, including the type, the length and the width, the manufacturers name and, where possible, the production date; - the distance between the centres of the lower bearers, except for over and under tiles

42、without nibs; - the load at failure for each tile, expressed to the nearest 0.01 kN; - the minimum load registered at failure; - the mean load at failure; - comments if necessary; - signature of the person responsible for the test. NOTE. A tiles flexural strength depends on its shape. Consequently,

43、the values indicated in the report cannot be compared directly from one type of tile to another. CEN EN*538 94 3404589 0076958 974 W BS EN 538 : 1994 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by

44、Technical Committee B/542, Roofing and cladding products for discontinuous laying, to Subcommittee B/542/3, Clay roofing tiles, upon which the following bodies were represented: Clay Roofing Tile Council Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) National Clayware Federation Nat

45、ional Federation of Roofing Contractors National House-building Council Royal Institution of British Architects National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard BS EN 539 Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying - Determination of physical ch

46、aracteristics EN 539-1 1994 Part 1 : 1994 Impermeability test IS0 48 : 1979 BS 903 Physical testing of rubber Part AL6 : 1969 Determina.tion of hardness Previous page is blank CEN EN+538 94 m 3404589 0076959 800 m BS EN 538 : 1994 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL 9412 - 6 - 0.6k - FP BSI - B

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