1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 539-1:2005Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying Determination of physical characteristics Part 1: Impermeability testThe European Standard EN 539-1:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.25g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g4
2、0g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 539-1:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 22 November 2005 BSI 22 November 2005ISBN 0 580
3、46894 1National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 539-1:2005. It supersedes BS EN 539-1:1994 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/542, Roofing and cladding products for discontinuous laying, to Su
4、bcommittee B/542/3, Clay roofing tiles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and E
5、uropean developments and promulgate them in the UK.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Ca
6、talogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its c
7、orrect application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in
8、this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 539-1September 2005ICS 91.100.25 Supersedes EN 539-1:1994 English VersionClay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying - Determination of
9、physical characteristics - Part 1: Impermeability testTuiles en terre cuite pour pose en discontinu -Dtermination des caractristiques physiques - Partie 1:Essai dimpermabilitTondachziegel fr berlappende Verlegung - Bestimmungder physischen Charaktere - Teil 1: Prfung derWasserundurchlssigkeitThis Eu
10、ropean Standard was approved by CEN on 1 April 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references conc
11、erning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own la
12、nguage and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Ma
13、lta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in
14、 any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 539-1:2005: EEN 539-1:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Symbols and abbreviations4 4 Samples .4 5 Test methods 14 5.1 Principe4 5.2 Apparatus (see Figure 1) 5 5.3 Size of sample
15、 .5 5.4 Preliminary treatment .5 5.5 Test pieces 5 5.6 Procedure 6 5.7 Calculation of impermeability factor .7 5.8 Test report .7 6 Test method 28 6.1 Principle.8 6.2 Apparatus (see Figures 2 and 3)8 6.3 Size of sample .8 6.4 Preliminary treatment .10 6.5 Procedure 11 6.6 Calculation of impermeabili
16、ty coefficient IC.11 6.7 Test report .11 EN 539-1:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 539-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 128 “Roof covering products for discontinuous laying and products for wall cladding”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European St
17、andard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2006. This document supersedes EN 539-1:1994. According to the CEN/CENELEC
18、Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, N
19、etherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 539-1:2005 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes two test methods for testing the impermeability to water of clay roof tiles and fittings which can be considered as equivalent. NOTE T
20、he methods are not applicable to all fittings, because of their different shapes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
21、referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1304, Clay roofing tiles and fittings - Product definitions and specifications. 3 Symbols and abbreviations Xilength of time in hours, before the first drop of water falls iX average length of time, in hours before the first drop of water fa
22、lls V1volume of water passing through in 48 h V2volume of water evaporated in 48 h A projected area of test piece in cm2d day h hour IF impermeability factor (method 1) IC impermeability coefficient (method 2) HR relative humidity 4 Samples If the tiles or fittings are supplied with a surface coatin
23、g or treatment then the test shall be carried out on samples which include the surface coating or treatment. When the tiles or fittings are taken from a site or building, they shall be tested in the state in which they are found, but the interpretation of the test results shall take into account the
24、 stresses to which these installed products have been subjected. 5 Test methods 1 5.1 Principe The amount of water passing in 48 h through the ceramic body of the tile or fitting per cm2of surface area, under a load of 10 cm of water kept constant throughout the test is determined. EN 539-1:2005 (E)
25、 5 5.2 Apparatus (see Figure 1) 5.2.1 A glass tube (or other rigid transparent material) with an inside diameter of (38 1) mm, and a height of (150 2) mm for each test piece and one for the measurement of the evaporation level. 5.2.2 A container to hold the test pieces after preparation. 5.2.3 A dev
26、ice at a constant level consisting of a graduated test tube or measuring cylinder with a capacity of at least 100 cm3graduated in steps not greater than 2 cm3. 5.3 Size of sample1)Ten tiles or fittings shall be tested. For routine testing, the size of the sample can be different. 5.4 Preliminary tre
27、atment Preliminary treatment consists of the following operations. The tiles shall be immersed in tap water at room temperature for (48 4) h. The tiles shall then be dried at a temperature of (110 5) C until the difference between two successive weighings at 24 h intervals is less than 0,5 % of the
28、reading before last. The tiles shall then be cooled at room temperature for at least 4 h. If the test is carried out on kiln fresh tiles they shall be held at room temperature for a period of time after their immersion in water for 48 h2). 5.5 Test pieces Cut from the thinnest part of each tile or f
29、itting, a square test piece (45 2) mm (45 2) mm or a round test piece with a diameter of (50 2) mm. 1) The rules for sampling are described in the standard EN 1304. 2) There is nothing to be gained from holding tiles at room temperature for longer than 14 days. EN 539-1:2005 (E) 6 Dimensions in mill
30、imetres Key 1 Graduated test tube/measuring cylinder 2 Bevelled tube inside diameter 6 mm 3 Reference tube for evaporation 4 Glass plate 5 Water container Figure 1 Equipment for test method 1 5.6 Procedure Measure the dimensions (length and width) of the test pieces and calculate their projected are
31、a. Place the tube on the surface of the test pieces normally exposed to the weather. EN 539-1:2005 (E) 7 Smear the cut surfaces of the test piece and the joint, between the tube and the test piece with paraffin wax or a watertight sealant. Leave the tube and test piece for 48 h in a vessel containin
32、g sufficient water for the exposed surface to be 1 cm below the water level. The surface opposite the exposed surface rests on two thin non-porous supports placed at the bottom of the container. When this period has been completed, pour water into the glass tube so that the water is 10 cm higher tha
33、n that in the container. The water level in the tube is kept constant using a glass gauge with a bevelled tube (see Figure 1). At the beginning of the test, record the level of the water in the graduated test tube. After 48 h, place 4 to 5 drops of ether or any other surface active product on the tu
34、be surface to bring the water level back as near as possible to point B as shown in Figure 1 and measure the water level in the graduated test tube. Calculate from this the volume of water having passed through the test piece in 48 h (V1). In order to determine the volume of water evaporated in 48 h
35、, place in the test container a glass tube fixed on to a glass plate with a watertight joint. Pour a volume of water into the tube to achieve a height of 10 cm. Weigh the filled tube. Place this device next to the graduated test tubes and weigh again after 48 h. The difference in weight between the
36、first and second readings is the volume of water evaporated in 48 h (V2). 5.7 Calculation of impermeability factor The impermeability factor (IF) expressed in cm3/cm2.per day is calculated from the following formula: 221=AVVIF where V1is the volume of water passing in 2 d (48 h), in cubic centimetre
37、s; V2is the volume of water passing in 2 d (48 h), in cubic centimetres; A is the projected area of test piece, in square centimetres; d day (24 h). 5.8 Test report The test report shall contain the following information: a) designation of tested sample: European Standard EN 539-1; the name of the t
38、est laboratory; the date on which the laboratory received the sample; test date; a description and identification of the tiles or fittings including the type, dimensions, manufacturers name and, where possible, the production date; b) the volume of water that passed through each test piece in 48 h;
39、c) the volume of water evaporated in 48 h; EN 539-1:2005 (E) 8 d) the impermeability factor of each test piece; e) the maximum individual impermeability factor; f) the average impermeability factor; g) impermeability classification (see EN 1304); h) comments (if necessary); i) signature of the perso
40、n responsible for the test. 6 Test method 2 6.1 Principle The impermeability to water of a clay roof tile or fitting tested by determining the length of time until drops of water start to fall, following the application of water to the surface of the tile normally exposed to the weather. 6.2 Apparat
41、us (see Figures 2 and 3) 6.2.1 A sealing frame put on the surface of the tile or around the tile, with internal dimensions which allow testing at least 50 % of the surface of the tile. 6.2.2 Blocks or an adjustable support for the transverse adjustment of the level between the high and low points on
42、 the surface of the test pieces. 6.3 Size of sample3)Ten tiles shall be tested. For routine testing, the size of the sample can be different. 3) The rules for sampling are described in the standard EN 1304. EN 539-1:2005 (E) 9 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Frame 2 Mastic 3 Mirror 4 Adjust level (s
43、ee 6.5) Figure 2 Equipment for test method 2 EN 539-1:2005 (E) 10 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Frame 2 Silicone 3 Mirror or measuring device Figure 3 Frame around the tile 6.4 Preliminary treatment Preliminary treatment consists of the following operations. The tiles shall be immersed in tap wate
44、r at room temperature for (48 4) h. The tiles shall then be dried at a temperature of (110 5) C until the difference between the two successive weighings at 24 h intervals is less than 0,5 % of the reading before last. The tiles are cooled at room temperature for at least 4 h. If the test is carried
45、 out on kiln fresh tiles, they shall, after their immersion in water for 48 h, be held for a period of time at room temperature4). 4) There is nothing to be gained from holding tiles at room temperature for longer than 14 days. EN 539-1:2005 (E) 11 6.5 Procedure The tile to be tested is fitted with
46、a frame (see Figure 2) on the surface of the tile or around the tiles (see Figure 3). The testing area on the exposed face of the tile does not include interlock, which is covered when in use. The frame shall be cleaned (e.g. with compressed air) before sealing with mastic or by other suitable metho
47、d. The mastic inside the frame shall have a maximum width of 15 mm. The tiles shall be supported in such a manner that they are horizontal ( 5). In cases where the difference between the lowest and highest point on the surface tiles is more than 50 mm tilt the tile in a transverse direction by adjus
48、ting the supports to ensure that the water level shall be, at the lowest point of the tiles exposed surface, (60 5) mm and, at the highest point of the tiles exposed surface, (10 5) mm. Some types of tile will not have a point to correspond to this minimum water height, e.g. under and over tiles; in
49、 these circumstances, only the maximum depth applies. Into the receptacle thus formed, pour tap water at (20 5) C continuously until the water level is (60 5) mm above the lowest point of the tile. Once this level has been reached do not add any further water. The tiles thus prepared are stored above a mirror or measuring device according to Figures 2 and 3. The time 1 to the first drop is noted with an accuracy of 15 min. The test lasts for a maximum of 20 h. The testing room shall be protected from draughts in
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