1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 623-4:2004 Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties Part 4: Determination of surface roughness The European Standard EN 623-4:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.060.99 BS EN 623-4:2004 This British Standard was published und
2、er the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 15 October 2004 BSI 15 October 2004 ISBN 0 580 44608 5 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 623-4:2004. It supersedes DD ENV 623-4:1994 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its
3、 preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European
4、publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all th
5、e necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on th
6、e interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 13 and a back cover. The
7、BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 623-4 October 2004 ICS 81.060.99 Supersedes ENV 623-4:1993 English version Advanced technical c
8、eramics - Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties - Part 4: Determination of surface roughness Cramiques techniques avances - Cramiques monolithiques - Proprits gnrales et texturelles - Partie 4: Dtermination de la rigidit de surface Hochleistungskeramik - Monolithische Keramik - Allge
9、meine und strukturelle Eigenschaften - Teil 4: Bestimmung der Oberflchenrauheit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 July 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a natio
10、nal standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any
11、 other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finlan
12、d, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR N
13、ORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 623-4:2004: EEN 623-4:2004 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Terms and definiti
14、ons. 5 4 Principles of conventional surface texture measurement 5 4.1 Surface texture parameters . 5 4.2 Trace manipulation . 5 4.3 Instrument calibration 6 5 Factors affecting the determination of surface texture of ceramics . 7 5.1 Microstructural influences . 7 5.2 Special surface profiles 8 5.3
15、Influences of form . 8 5.4 Instrumental influences 9 6 Test procedure 10 6.1 Machine set-up 10 6.2 Test requirements . 10 6.3 Test piece measurement 11 7 Test report . 11 Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory evaluation of ceramic surface texture test procedures. 12 Bibliography . 13 EN 623-4:2004 (
16、E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 623-4:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsemen
17、t, at the latest by April 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2005. This document supersedes ENV 623-4 :1993. This part of EN 623 includes a Bibliography. EN 623 Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties consists of
18、 five parts: Part 1: Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetration tests Part 2: Determination of density and porosity Part 3: Determination of grain size and size distribution (characterized by the Linear Intercept Method) Part 4: Guidance on the determination of surface roughness Par
19、t 5: Determination of phase volume fraction by evaluation of micrographs At the time of publication of this part of EN 623, part 5 is a European Prestandard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this
20、 European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 623-4
21、:2004 (E) 4 1 Scope This part of EN 623 concerns the use of conventional stylus type instruments for the measurement of surface texture of advanced monolithic technical ceramics, sets the test machine measuring parameters, and recommends the adoption of certain precautions and conditions of measurem
22、ent. NOTE Non-contact optical methods of surface texture measurement employ a different concept using a narrow laser beam. The interaction of the beam with the surface is influenced by the angle of the surface to the beam and the reflectivity/translucence of the surface. The reflected beam is detect
23、ed in a number of ways based on spot focus or beam deflection and converted into a height profile. Results from such a test are not directly equivalent to those obtained by the stylus method. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this docu
24、ment. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ENV 1006, Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics Guidance on the selection of test pieces for the evaluation of properties EN
25、 ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:1999) EN ISO 3274, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Nominal characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments (ISO 3274:1996) EN ISO 4287:1998, Geometr
26、ical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters (ISO 4287:1997) EN ISO 4288:1997, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture (ISO 4288:1996) EN
27、 ISO 5436-1:2000, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method; Measurement standards Part 1: Material measures (ISO 5436-1:2000) EN ISO 5436-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method; Measurement standards Part 2: Software measurement st
28、andards (ISO 5436-2:2001) EN ISO 11562, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Metrological characteristics of phase correct filters (ISO 11562:1996) EN ISO 12179, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Calibration of contact (style
29、s) instruments (ISO 12179:2000) EN 623-4:2004 (E) 5 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 4287:1998, EN ISO 4288:1997 and EN ISO 5436-1:2000 apply. 4 Principles of conventional surface texture measurement 4.1 Surface texture parameters T
30、he characterisation of surface texture of engineering materials generally is conventionally determined by a profile following stylus drawn across the surface. The profile is amplified and recorded, and the trace is further processed to determine single-valued parameters that may be used to describe
31、it. Parameters (see EN ISO 4287) that are typically used for characterisation of ceramic surface texture include: Ra the arithmetic mean deviation of the assessed profile, i.e. the arithmetic mean of the absolute ordinate values (i.e. the average deviation of the trace from the computed centre line)
32、 within a sampling length (normally set to be equal to the cut-off length = 0,8 mm for typical scales of surface texture in ceramics); normally, the results from five sampling lengths (= the evaluation length = 4 mm) are then averaged; Rt the total height of the profile, i.e. the sum of the maximum
33、profile peak height and the maximum profile valley depth within the evaluation length; Rz the maximum height of the profile, i.e. the sum of the largest profile peak height and the lowest profile valley depth within a sampling length; normally the results from five sampling lengths would be averaged
34、. NOTE Earlier, but different, ISO definitions of Rz may still be in use on older machines, i.e. the ten point height of irregularities method, taking the mean of the five highest peaks and five lowest valleys in a sampling length. The present standard employs the current definition. RSm the mean wi
35、dth of the profile elements, i.e. the mean spacing of the profile irregularities (as defined by the mean spacing between crossovers of the trace and the mean line) Other parameters exist which may have value for ceramic surface characterisation, including measures of skewness, and are defined in EN
36、ISO 4287. 4.2 Trace manipulation Various types of equipment to perform this measurement are commercially available, and the procedures for calibration and measurement should conform to existing international standards EN ISO 3274, EN ISO 4288, EN ISO 5436-1, and EN ISO 12169. The equipment usually i
37、ncorporates proprietary signal processing routines designed to produce single-valued parameters from an appropriate length of trace, usually by first digitising the signal. Many instruments then apply a trace levelling routine to take out general tilt of the surface relative to the axis of measureme
38、nt. Finally, the trace is divided into sampling lengths and analysed. Parameters derived from 10 such traces are typically analysed in order to ensure adequate sampling of the test surface. EN 623-4:2004 (E) 6 4.3 Instrument calibration Calibration procedures are covered in EN ISO 12179. The calibra
39、tion of the vertical height measurement is normally determined by drawing the stylus over steps of calibrated height (or depth) in a reference specimen (EN ISO 5436-1 type A). Horizontal movement calibration is less critical, and may be determined from the horizontal spacing of the steps in the type
40、 A reference specimen. Checking the condition of the stylus tip is normally performed using a type B reference specimen, which may have sensitive and insensitive grooves, the former being typically a profile of an isosceles triangle. Checking of meters or other indicators of surface texture paramete
41、rs is performed with type C reference specimens with a variety of profiles either of isosceles triangles, sine waves or simulated sine waves of regular shape. Checking overall behaviour of meters or other indicators of surface texture parameters is performed with type D reference specimens with an i
42、rregular profile repeated every five cut-off wavelengths. An artefact such as a hemisphere (type E) can be used to check the coordinate system in the machine. For instruments using computer processing of the roughness traces, EN ISO 5436-2 provides a reference dataset (type F1) with which to validat
43、e the calculation routines employed by a particular instrument. Alternatively, a dataset can be processed by reference software (type F2) for comparison with instrument supplied software results. In the absence of a suitable certified ceramic surface texture reference material, it is recommended tha
44、t these procedures are adopted for calibration of stylus machines to be used for measuring surface texture of advanced monolithic technical ceramics. However it is to be recognised that such calibration artefacts do not necessarily evaluate the machine behaviour over short wavelength surface texture
45、 where factors such as stylus inertia and tip radius become more important. NOTE 1 If appropriate, it is suggested that disagreements between parties may possibly be reduced by exchanging agreed marked and measured ceramic “reference“ surfaces, preferably of a type similar to that causing the disagr
46、eement, for measurement in the respective test machines in order to identify differences in intrinsic machine performance. NOTE 2 A determination of the uncertainty of a measurement should also be made in accordance with the procedures in EN ISO 12179. NOTE 3 A guide to the calibration and use of st
47、ylus surface texture measurements is available 1. EN 623-4:2004 (E) 7 5 Factors affecting the determination of surface texture of ceramics 5.1 Microstructural influences 5.1.1 Advanced monolithic technical ceramics which do not possess open porosity may contain isolated pores as a result of their in
48、complete elimination during fabrication. Pores produce large occasional depressions in the recorded surface texture trace which can bias the surface texture parameters in a manner which: a) may not be relevant to the application of the surface; b) may give a misleadingly high value of surface textur
49、e parameter; c) may depend on their frequency along the path of the stylus. If the surface texture of the non-porous regions of the ceramic surface is required, lengths of the stylus trace which avoid obvious pores should be chosen. 5.1.2 As-fired advanced technical ceramic surfaces are frequently free from significant pores typical of bulk material, but may contain occasional pits and/or surface debris (adherent dust, kiln furniture fragments or granul
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