1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 717-1:2004Wood-based panels Determination of formaldehyde release Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber methodThe European Standard EN 717-1:2004 has the status of a British StandardICS 79.060.01g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g4
2、8g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 717-1:2004This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2005 BSI 29 September 2005ISBN 0 580 4660
3、9 4National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 717-1:2004. It supersedes DD ENV 717-1:1999 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/541, Wood-based panels, which has the responsibility to:A list of org
4、anizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Corresp
5、ondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of i
6、tself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and pr
7、omulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 31 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Com
8、mentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 717-1October 2004ICS 79.060.01 Supersedes ENV 717-1:1998 English versionWood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release -Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber methodPanneaux base de bois - Dtermination du dgagementde formaldhyde
9、 - Partie 1 : Emission de for-maldhydepar la mthode la chambreHolzwerkstoffe - Bestimmung der Formaldehydabgabe -Teil 1: Formaldehydabgabe nach der Prfkammer-MethodeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 August 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
10、which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Sta
11、ndard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standa
12、rds bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTE
13、E FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 717-1:2004: EEN 717-1:2004 (E) 2 Contents Pa
14、ge Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle6 5 Reagents.6 5.1 General6 5.2 Acetylacetone solution .6 5.3 Ammonium acetate solution.6 5.4 Formaldehyde standard solution.6 6 Apparatus .7 6.1 Test chamber7 6.2 Air sampling system8 6.3 Equipment
15、 for chemical analysis.8 6.4 Equipment for verification of air exchange rate .9 7 Test pieces .9 8 Procedure .9 8.1 Test conditions 9 8.2 Verification of test conditions 9 8.3 Chamber preparation 10 8.4 Preparation of test pieces.11 8.5 Loading and starting procedure.11 8.6 Air sampling and analysis
16、 11 8.7 Test duration 12 9 Determination of formaldehyde emission.12 9.1 General12 9.2 Principle12 9.3 Procedure .12 9.4 Calibration curve12 9.5 Calculation of the amount of absorbed formaldehyde 13 9.6 Calculation of the formaldehyde emission .14 10 Determination of test result14 11 Expression of r
17、esults 14 12 Test report 14 Annex A (normative) Test chambers .17 Annex B (normative) Determination of air exchange rate .24 Annex C (normative) Determination of the steady-state emission value 26 Annex D (informative) Analytical procedure for the fluorimetric determination of formaldehyde content 2
18、9 Bibliography 31 EN 717-1:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 717-1:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 112 “Wood-based panels”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identica
19、l text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2005. This document supersedes ENV 717-1:1998. Compared to ENV 717-1:1998 the following modifications have been made. a) Conditions for a reduced test period have been
20、specified in Clause 10. b) The requirements for the air-tightness of the test chamber in 8.2.2 have been changed. This European Standard is one of a series, which specifies methods for determining formaldehyde potential in or formaldehyde release from wood-based panels. The other standards of this s
21、eries are: EN 120, Wood based panels Determination of formaldehyde content Extraction method called the perforator method. EN 717-2, Wood-based panels Determination of formaldehyde release Part 2: Formaldehyde release by the gas analysis method. EN 717-3, Wood-based panels Determination of formaldeh
22、yde release Part 3: Formaldehyde release by the flask method. This European Standard is based on CEN report CR 213 “Particleboards Determination of Formaldehyde Emis-sion under Specified Conditions” and COST Project 613: Indoor Air Quality and its Impact on Man, Report No. 2: “Formaldehyde emission
23、from wood-based materials: Guideline for the determination of steady state concentra-tions in test chambers”. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following coun-tries are bound to implement this Europea
24、n Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Esto-nia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 717-1:2004 (
25、E) 4 Introduction Each testing institute is responsible for the quality of the test procedure. To ensure the reproducibility of the test results, it is recommended to participate in a round-robin test for calibration at least once a year. EN 717-1:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies
26、a chamber method with three options of test chambers for the determination of the formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels in terms of the steady-state concentration in a climate cham-ber under defined conditions, which relate to typical conditions in real-life. This chamber method can also be a
27、p-plied to the estimation of formaldehyde concentrations under various conditions in practice, by the use of mathe-matical models. This standard can also be used for the testing of formaldehyde emissions of products other than wood-based panels. 2 Normative references The following referenced docume
28、nts are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 326-1, Wood-based panels Sampling, cutting and inspection Part 1: Sampling an
29、d cutting of test pieces and expression of test results. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 volume of the chamber total air volume of the unloaded chamber, including recirculating ventilation ducts, expressed in cubic me
30、tres (m3) 3.2 loading factor ratio of the total surface area of the test piece, excluding the area of the edges, to the volume of the chamber, ex-pressed in square metres per cubic metre (m2/m3) 3.3 air exchange rate quotient of air volume passing through the chamber per hour (m3/h) and the chamber
31、volume (m3) 3.4 air velocity velocity of the air near the surface of test pieces in the chamber in metres per second (m/s) 3.5 steady-state state when the formaldehyde emission of the wood-based panels is quasi constant under the test conditions, this means that the formaldehyde concentration in the
32、 chamber remains constant NOTE In practice, a true steady-state is not achievable because formaldehyde is emitted irreversibly. This standard defines a steady-state condition for the purpose of the test (see Clause 10). EN 717-1:2004 (E) 6 3.6 emission value the steady-state formaldehyde concentrati
33、on in the chamber, obtained under constant temperature, relative humid-ity, loading factor and air exchange rate, expressed by mass to volume in milligrams formaldehyde per cubic metre air (mg/m3) NOTE At 23 C and 1 013 hPa, the following relationship exists for formaldehyde: 1 ppm (parts per millio
34、n) = 1,24 mg/m31 mg/m = 0,81 ppm (parts per million) 4 Principle Test pieces of known surface area, are placed in a chamber, in which the temperature, relative humidity, air velo-city and exchange rate are controlled at defined values. Formaldehyde emitted from the test pieces mixes with the air in
35、the chamber. The air in the chamber is sampled periodically. The formaldehyde concentration is determined by drawing air from the chamber through gas washing bottles containing water, which absorbs the formaldehyde. The formaldehyde concentration in the water is determined. The concentration of form
36、aldehyde in the chamber at-mosphere is calculated from the concentration in the water in the gas washing bottles and the volume of the sam-pled air. It is expressed in milligrams per cubic metre (mg/m3). Sampling is periodically continued until the formal-dehyde concentration in the chamber has reac
37、hed a steady-state. NOTE The influences of temperature, relative humidity, loading factor and air exchange rate on the formaldehyde concen-tration in the chamber atmosphere can be described by formulas (e.g. Andersen formula). An interrelation between the structure of the test pieces, especially of
38、their surfaces and the air velocity is also apparent but cannot be exactly described by a formula. 5 Reagents 5.1 General Reagents and water of recognised analytical purity shall be used for the analysis. 5.2 Acetylacetone solution 4 ml acetylacetone are added to a 1 000 ml volumetric flask and made
39、 up to the mark with water. 5.3 Ammonium acetate solution 200 g ammonium acetate are dissolved in water in a 1 000 ml volumetric flask and made up to the mark. NOTE Commercially prepared solutions may be used. 5.4 Formaldehyde standard solution Standard iodine solution c(l2) = 0,05 mol/l Standard so
40、dium thiosulphate solution c(Na2S2O3) = 0,1 mol/l Standard sodium hydroxide solution c(NaOH) = 1 mol/l Standard sulphuric acid solution c(H2SO4) = 1 mol/l EN 717-1:2004 (E) 7 6 Apparatus 6.1 Test chamber 6.1.1 General This standard applies to different test chambers for formaldehyde emission testing
41、 which are described in Annex A. General specifications and requirements which apply to all types of test chambers included in this standard are given in 6.1.2 to 6.1.8. 6.1.2 Test chamber materials Materials used for the inner walls and ducts of test chambers shall have a smooth surface, which, pri
42、or to testing, can be effectively cleaned with water. The surface shall be as inert and non-absorptive as possible to formalde-hyde. NOTE Proven materials are stainless steel or aluminium (sandblasted or polished), glass and some types of plastics (PVC, PMMA). 6.1.3 Air-tightness of the chamber The
43、test chamber shall be air-tight in order to avoid uncontrolled air exchange. The criteria of air-tightness are given in 8.2.2. 6.1.4 Air circulation in the test chamber The test chamber shall contain facilities (such as fan systems) capable of maintaining: intensive air mixing in the chamber; an air
44、 velocity of 0,1 m/s to 0,3 m/s at the surface of the test pieces (see 8.2.5). 6.1.5 Air exchange facilities The test chamber shall contain air inlet and/or outlet facilities capable of regulating the air flow and thus the rate of air exchange (replacement of chamber air by clean, conditioned air) w
45、ith an error limit of 5 % at an air exchange rate of 1/h. Precautions shall be taken to ensure that the clean air inlet and the air circulation system are adequately placed to ensure sufficient mixing and that ambient air cannot enter into the air outlet, even during sampling. 6.1.6 Clean air supply
46、 of the test chamber Equipment capable of providing clean air with a maximum formaldehyde content of 0,006 mg/m3(0,005 ppm). EN 717-1:2004 (E) 8 6.1.7 Temperature and relative humidity regulating systems Equipment capable of maintaining the temperature and the relative humidity in the test chamber w
47、ithin the following limits: Temperature: (23 0,5) C Relative humidity: (45 3) % 6.1.8 Equipment for monitoring of test conditions Measuring equipment and recording facilities capable of continuous or frequent monitoring of the specified test conditions with an error limit as follows: Temperature: 0,
48、1 C Relative humidity: 1 % Air exchange rate: 0,03/h Air velocity: 0,05 m/s 6.2 Air sampling system 6.2.1 General Figure 1 shows the principle of a sampling system for the determination of the formaldehyde concentration in the chamber air. The sampling tube shall be placed either in the air outlet,
49、or inside the chamber, close to the air outlet. NOTE Other sampling systems may be used, provided it can be shown that they give equivalent results. 6.2.2 Equipment 6.2.2.1 General The air sampling system consists of the following components which are given in Figure 1. The numbers in brack-ets refer to the numbers in Figure 1: 6.2.2.2 Sampling tube (1) 6.2.2.3 Two 100 ml gas washing bottles, containing water, for absorption and subsequent determination of formaldehyde (2) 6.2.2.4 Silica absorber for drying the air (3) 6.2.2.
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