1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 772-5:2016Methods of test for masonryunitsPart 5: Determination of the active solublesalts content of clay masonry unitsBS EN 772-5:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 772-5:2016. It supersedes BS EN 772-5:2001 whi
2、ch is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/519, Masonry and associated testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisi
3、ons of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 87440 6 ICS 91.080.30; 91.100.15 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard w
4、as published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 772-5:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 772-5 March 2016 ICS 91.100.25 Supersedes EN 772-5:2001Engli
5、sh Version Methods of test for masonry units - Part 5: Determination of the active soluble salts content of clay masonry units Mthodes dessai des lments de maonnerie - Partie 5: Dtermination de la teneur en sels solubles actifs deslments de maonnerie en terre cuite Prfverfahren fr Mauersteine - Teil
6、 5: Bestimmung des Gehalts an aktiven lslichen Salzen von Mauerziegeln This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 January 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national sta
7、ndard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in
8、any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Re
9、public, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPE
10、AN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 772-5:2016 EBS EN
11、772-5:2016EN 772-5:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Principle . 4 4 Symbols . 4 5 Materials . 4 5.1 For all methods 4 5.2 Instrumental method Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and flame photometry 5 5.3 Instrumental method Atomic Absorption Spect
12、roscopy (AAS) and flame photometry or inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP) 5 5.4 EDTA method (alternative) . 5 6 Apparatus . 5 7 Preparation of sample . 6 7.1 Sampling . 6 7.2 Crushing 6 8 Extraction procedure . 6 9 Determinations of cations by instrumental techniques . 6 9.1 General 6 9.2
13、Atomic absorption spectroscopy method (AAS) and flame photometry 6 9.2.1 Sample preparation 6 9.2.2 Calibration: preparation of the reference series . 7 9.2.3 Spectroscopic lines and parameters for AAS and flame photometry analysis . 7 9.3 Inductively coupled plasma spectrometry method (ICP) . 8 9.3
14、.1 General 8 9.3.2 Spectroscopic lines for ICP analysis . 8 9.4 Calculation of the results 8 10 Alternative method of determination of the content of active soluble salts . 9 10.1 Preparations of reagents for magnesium determination . 9 10.1.1 Magnesium test solution (1,0 mg Mg/ml) 9 10.1.2 Preparat
15、ion of EDTA test solution (0,5 %) 9 10.2 First titration (calcium plus magnesium) 9 10.3 Second titration (calcium) . 9 10.4 Magnesium content 9 10.5 Determination of sodium and potassium . 9 11 Expression of results . 10 12 Test report 10 BS EN 772-5:2016EN 772-5:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This d
16、ocument (EN 772-5:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 125 “Masonry”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2016, and
17、conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This
18、 document supersedes EN 772-5:2001. The crushing procedure in 7.2 has been amended so that the sample, after reducing to particles of not greater than approximately 1 mm in size, is dried in a ventilated oven to constant mass prior to further grinding and sieving. This document has been prepared und
19、er a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
20、 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Ki
21、ngdom. BS EN 772-5:2016EN 772-5:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for determining the active soluble salts content of clay masonry units. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
22、 only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 771-1, Specification for masonry units Part 1: Clay masonry units ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire
23、 cloth ISO 3310-2, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate 3 Principle The method adopted is based on water extraction from a crushed representative sample of the clay masonry units, and determines the amounts of soluble magnesium, sodium and pota
24、ssium ions, released under the test conditions, which may be correlated with the potentially damaging effect of salts of those ions on cementitious mortars in certain circumstances, or even on the units themselves. These salts are known as active soluble salts in EN 771-1. 4 Symbols MMgis the number
25、 of milligrams of Mg equivalent to 1 ml of EDTA x,y is the volume of EDTA titrated, en millilitres (ml) C1is the lower reference sample concentration, in percentage (%) C2is the higher reference sample, concentration, in percentage (%) Cxis the sample concentration, in percentage (%) E1is the measur
26、ed signal for the lower reference sample concentration C1E2is the measured signal for the higher reference sample, concentration C2Exis the measured signal for sample d is the dilution factor 5 Materials 5.1 For all methods Distilled or deionized water for extraction of active soluble salts from the
27、 sample, and for preparation of analytical test solutions. Hydrochloric acid (relative density 1,18). All chemicals shall be of analytical reagent grade. BS EN 772-5:2016EN 772-5:2016 (E) 5 5.2 Instrumental method Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and flame photometry Hydrated Lanthanum chloride
28、LaCL3 7H2O, 210 g/l Solution Caesium Chloride CsCl, 63 g/l Solution 5.3 Instrumental method Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and flame photometry or inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP) High purity standard solutions 5.4 EDTA method (alternative) Magnesium metal Ethylenediamine tetra ac
29、etic acid (EDTA) Indicators: Calcein Methyl thymol blue complexone Potassium hydroxide Ammonia solution (relative density 0,88) Potassium nitrate 6 Apparatus 6.1 Test sieves, complying with the requirements of ISO 3310-1, ISO 3310-2 6.2 Mortar or other suitable grinding equipment capable of producin
30、g particles to pass a 150 m test sieve. 6.3 Polyethylene bottle or Conical flask, typically with a capacity 500 ml 6.4 Weighing instrument, readable to the nearest 0,1 mg 6.5 Burette, typically 10 ml 6.6 Pipette, typically 10 ml, 50 ml 6.7 Graduated flask, typically 1 l 6.8 Volumetric flask, typical
31、ly 100 ml 6.9 One dimensional horizontal shaking equipment, capable of oscillating at (120 5) min1having a horizontal movement of 20 mm, or a rotary shaker capable of revolving at 30 3 revolutions per minute. 6.10 Polyethylene bottle, typically with a capacity of between 1 l and 1,5 l. 6.11 Ventilat
32、ed oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of (105 5) C BS EN 772-5:2016EN 772-5:2016 (E) 6 7 Preparation of sample 7.1 Sampling The method of sampling shall be in accordance with EN 771-1. The minimum number of specimens for the determination of the active soluble salts content shall be six and
33、shall comprise whole units but a larger number may be specified in the product specification, in which case that larger number shall be used. The specimens shall be sampled in such a manner that they have not been exposed to water that would lead to leaching of soluble salts from the units. From the
34、 bulk sample of units a representative sample of 50 g to 250 g of material, ground to pass a 150 m test sieve (6.1), is prepared, using the crushing method described in 7.2. 7.2 Crushing Crush each unit to give lumps not greater than 10 mm. Obtain from each crushed specimen a representative subsampl
35、e of at least 50 g, either by coning and quartering or using a suitable mechanical sampling device. Mix this material and crush it to give particles not greater than approximately 1 mm. Reduce the prepared sample to 50 g to 250 g using the same splitting method. Dry the crushed sample to constant ma
36、ss in a ventilated oven at a temperature of (105 5) C. Before weighing, the sample shall be cooled to room temperature in a dessicator. Constant mass is achieved, when the loss in mass between two successive determinations conducted at an interval of 24 h during the drying, process does not exceed 0
37、,2 % of the total mass. Finally grind the complete sample such that 95 % will pass a 150 m test sieve (6.1) complying with ISO 3310-1 or ISO 3310-2, using a mortar (6.2) or other suitable grinding equipment. 8 Extraction procedure Weigh 20 g 0,05 g of the sample and transfer it to a 500 ml polyethyl
38、ene bottle, or a 500 ml conical flask (6.3) when using horizontal shaking equipment (6.9). Add 200 ml of distilled or deionised water at room temperature, close the bottle with a screw-on polyethylene top and shake the bottle for 60 min 2 min, using a one dimensional horizontal shaking equipment at
39、(120 5) min1with a horizontal movement of 20 mm, or a rotary shaker (6.9) revolving at 30 min1 3 min1. Within 15 min 1 min of completing the extraction filter the suspended sample using an ashless blue ribbon filter paper or equivalent and collect the filtrate in a clean dry flask (6.10). Do not was
40、h the residue on the filter. Alternatively use a centrifuge. It is essential that the filtrate shall be clear. 9 Determinations of cations by instrumental techniques 9.1 General Determine the metal ion content using an established method, e.g. inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, atomic absorpti
41、on spectroscopy, or flame photometry. Alternatively determine and calculate the magnesium content following the procedure described in Clause 10. 9.2 Atomic absorption spectroscopy method (AAS) and flame photometry 9.2.1 Sample preparation Pipette (6.6) a 50 ml aliquot of the soluble salts extract i
42、nto a 100 ml volumetric flask (6.8) add 4 ml of hydrochloric acid (1 + 1 volume) and 4 ml of lanthanum chloride. If Na and K are to be measured by AAS, add 4 ml of caesium chloride. Fill to the mark with water and mix. BS EN 772-5:2016EN 772-5:2016 (E) 7 9.2.2 Calibration: preparation of the referen
43、ce series Either: a) use dilutions of commercially available standard solutions, magnesium 1 000 /g, potassium 1 000 /g, sodium 1 000 /g or, b) use a multi-element solution for example: 1) weigh the following substances up to nearest 0,1 mg; 2) 1 000 mg magnesium metal; 3) 1 767,3 mg potassium carbo
44、nate K2CO3dried to 105 C 5 C; 4) 2 305,1 mg sodium carbonate Na2CO3dried to 105 C 5 C; 5) add 50 ml of hydrochloric acid (1+1 volume) wait till the reaction is completed and warm up carefully on a heating plate until complete dissolution; complete to the mark in a 1 000 ml graduated flask (6.7). All
45、 chemicals shall be of analytical reagent grade. Then prepare a series of reference solutions as suggested in Table 1. Table 1 Suggested reference solution series Solution Volume of standard solutions or multi- element solution each other diluted 1/10 Add Hydrochloric acid (1 + 1 volume) and Lanthan
46、um chloride and Caesium chlorideaFill to 100 ml with water and mix Concentration in Mg, K, Na% of the mass of the original sample 0 0 ml 4 ml of each 0 1 1 ml 0,002 2 2 ml 0,004 3 5 ml 0,010 4 10 ml 0,020 5 15 ml 0,030 NOTE If the concentration is higher than 0,03 % pipette (6.6) a low aliquot of th
47、e solution salts extract and multiply by dilution factor d (e.g. aliquot 25 ml, dilution factor d = 2). aOnly in case where Na, K are measured by AAS. 9.2.3 Spectroscopic lines and parameters for AAS and flame photometry analysis The data to be used for the analysis may be as given in Table 2. Table
48、 2 Suggested spectroscopic lines and parameters for AAS and flame photometry analysis Type analysis Element nm Type of flame AAS Mg 285,2 air/acetylene flame emission or AAS K 766,5 air/acetylene flame emission or AAS Na 589,0 air/acetylene BS EN 772-5:2016EN 772-5:2016 (E) 8 9.3 Inductively coupled
49、 plasma spectrometry method (ICP) 9.3.1 General The sample preparation (see 9.2.1) and the preparation of reference series (see 9.2.2) shall be as that for the atomic absorption spectroscopy method, but without any addition of lanthanum chloride or caesium chloride. 9.3.2 Spectroscopic lines for ICP analysis The data to be used for the analysis can be as given in Table 3. Table 3 Suggested spectroscopic lines for ICP analysis Element Nm Mg 279,553 285,213 K 766,491 769,900 Na 588,995 589,592 9.4 Calculation of the r
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