1、|BRITISH STANDARDICS 13.110NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWSafety of machinery Visual danger signals General requirements, designand testing+A1:2008BS EN842:1996BS EN 842:1996+A1:2008 National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 842:1996
2、+A1:2008.It supersedes BS EN 842:1996 which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by .The UK
3、participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics to Subcommittee PH/9?1, Thermal environmentsA list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
4、provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 June 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008This British Standard was p
5、ublished under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1996ISBN 978 0 580 64057 5 BSI 2009EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 842:1996+A1 September 2008 ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN 842:1996 English Version Safety of machinery - Visual danger signals -
6、General requirements, design and testing Scurit des machines - Signaux visuels de danger - Exigences gnrales, conception et essais Sicherheit von Maschinen - Optische Gefahrensignale - Allgemeine Anforderungen, Gestaltung und Prfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 1995 and
7、includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
8、 concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into
9、its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
10、Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
11、 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 842:1996+A1:2008: EEN 842:1996+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Definitions 4 4 Safety and ergonomic requirements .5 4.1 General5 4.2 D
12、etectibility.5 4.3 Discriminability 9 4.4 Glare9 4.5 Distance 9 4.6 Duration 10 5 Physical measurements10 6 Subjective visual check 10 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 11 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, am
13、ended by 98/79/EC“.12 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“.13 BS EN 842:1996+A1:2008EN 842:1996+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 842:1996+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Er
14、gonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009
15、. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-14. This document supersedes EN 842:1996. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commi
16、ssion and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ On the international level the International Standard ISO 11428 “Ergonomics Vi
17、sual danger signals General requirements, design and testing“ has been prepared by WG 3 “Danger signs and speech communication in noisy environments“ of ISO/TC 159/SC 5 “Ergonomics of the physical environment“. The technical content of both the European Standard EN 842 and the International Standard
18、 ISO 11428 is identical, however the limits of applicability of the standards to other technical fields are different. Due to the different limits of applicability still existing on the European and international level direct transformation of the International Standard into a European Standard is n
19、ot possible. The reason is that EN 842 has been prepared in order to fulfil the essential safety and health requirements of annex 1 of the Council Directive 89/392/EEC of 14 June 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery: Essential health and safety requirement
20、s relating to the design and construction of machinery (see annex A of EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995) and that therefore the limits of applicability of the European Standard is restricted to this Directive. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the follow
21、ing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slove
22、nia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 842:1996+A1:2008EN 842:1996+A1:2008 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes criteria for the perception of visual danger signals in the area that people are intended to perceive and to react to such a signal. It specifies the safety an
23、d ergonomic requirements and the corresponding physical measurements and subjective visual check. It also provides guidance for the design of the signals to be clearly perceived and differentiated as described in 5.3 of EN 292-2:1991. This European Standard does not apply to danger indicators: Prese
24、nted in either written or pictorial form; Transmitted by data display units. This European Standard does not apply to special regulations such as those for public disaster and public transport. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from
25、other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment
26、 or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 60073, Coding of indicating devices and actuators by colour
27、s and supplementary means (IEC 73:1991). EN 61310-1, Safety of machinery Indicating, marking and actuating Part 1: Requirements for visual, auditory and tactile signals (IEC 1310-1:1995). ISO 3864, Safety colours and safety signs. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definit
28、ions apply: 3.1 visual danger signal visual signal indicating imminent onset, or actual occurrence of a dangerous situation, involving risk of personal injury or equipment disaster, and requiring some human response to eliminate or control the danger or requiring other immediate action. A distinctio
29、n is made between two types of visual danger signals: visual warning signal and visual emergency signal. 3.1.1 visual warning signal visual signal indicating the imminent onset of a dangerous situation requiring appropriate measures for the elimination or control of the danger BS EN 842:1996+A1:2008
30、EN 842:1996+A1:2008 (E) 5 3.1.2 visual emergency signal visual signal indicating the beginning or the actual occurrence of a dangerous situation requiring immediate action 3.2 signal reception area area in which the signal is intended to be perceived and reacted upon 3.3 field of vision (visual fiel
31、d) physical space visible to an eye in a given position (see also 3.1.10 of ISO 8995:1989) 3.4 danger signal light light source intended to convey information about the existence of a dangerous situation by means of one or several characteristics, such as luminance1)colour, shape, location and tempo
32、ral pattern 4 Safety and ergonomic requirements 4.1 General The characteristics of the visual danger signal shall ensure that any person in the signal reception area can detect, discriminate and react to the signal as intended. Visual danger signals shall be: Clearly seen under all possible lighting
33、 conditions; Clearly discriminated from general lighting and other visual signals; Allocated a specific meaning within the signal reception area. Visual danger signals shall take precedence over all other visual signals. Visual emergency signals shall take precedence over all visual warning signals.
34、 Care shall be taken to review the effectiveness of the visual danger signals at regular intervals and whenever a new signal (whether a danger signal or not) is introduced in the signal reception area. NOTE 1 A visual danger signal should, if not contradicted by special reasons, be associated with a
35、n auditory danger signal. When the danger signal is an emergency signal, auditory and visual signals should be presented together (see EN 981). NOTE 2 It could be advantageous for visual danger signals to have a relatively low intensity test mode to indicate they are functional but not in a warning
36、mode. 4.2 Detectibility 4.2.1 Luminance1), illuminance1)and contrast1)1) As defined in ISO 8995 BS EN 842:1996+A1:2008EN 842:1996+A1:2008 (E) 6 4.2.1.1 General Two types of light sources need to be distinguished: luminous area sources and luminous point sources2). Luminous area sources have a visual
37、 angle greater than 1 (minute) for daylight conditions or 10 (minutes) for darkness, otherwise the light sources are luminous point sources. 4.2.1.2 Luminous area sources In all cases when the light source is not to be regarded as small (point source), the criteria for detectibility characters are t
38、he luminance of the surface, the luminance of the background and their ratio. This luminance ratio (contrast) is not affected by viewing distance (unless transmittivity is to be taken into account, see 4.5) so a specified luminance ratio can be considered adequate for a wide range of viewing conditi
39、ons. The luminance of a visual warning signal shall be at least five times the luminance of the background. The luminance of a visual emergency signal shall be at least twice that of a warning signal, i.e. at least ten times the luminance of the background. 4.2.1.3 Luminous point sources For luminou
40、s point sources, the criterion for detectibility is the illuminance produced by the luminous flux on the pupil of the observers eye compared to the luminance of the background. The relationship between the pupillary illuminance required for detectibility and the background luminance is given in figu
41、re 1. 2) As defined in IEC 50(845) BS EN 842:1996+A1:2008EN 842:1996+A1:2008 (E) 7 a) Required pupillary illuminance in Lux b) Background illuminance in cd/m2Figure 1 Relationship between the required pupillary illuminance and the background luminance 4.2.2 Flashing lights Flashing lights shall be u
42、sed for visual emergency signals. By having a signal flash, i.e. continuously switching ON and OFF, the detectibility (attention-attracting qualities) of the signal is usually increased, often accompanied by transmission of a feeling of urgency. NOTE 1 It is recommended that the flash frequency shou
43、ld be between 2 Hz and 3 Hz with approximately equal ON- and OFF- intervals. NOTE 2 Synchronism between light and sound is not generally required, but can improve perception. NOTE 3 Stroboscopic effects from, e.g., rotating machinery, can reduce the detectibility of flashing light signals. 4.2.3 Loc
44、ation within the field of vision Visual danger signals should be located where appropriate in the direct vicinity of the potential danger in order to allow its immediate detection by all persons within the signal reception area, or about to enter in this area. Additional visual danger signals locate
45、d outside the direct vicinity, such as in a control room or a control panel, are not excluded. BS EN 842:1996+A1:2008EN 842:1996+A1:2008 (E) 8 The signal reception area of a visual danger signal shall be explicitly stated in the design for every installation, indicating whether the signal reception
46、area is, e.g., just a single operators console or parts of a factory or a whole plant. For directly displayed danger signals, the signal lights shall be located within the field of vision inside the workplace being considered (signal reception area) (see figures 2 and 3 and prEN 894-2). When the dir
47、ection of the eye changes as a result of the work activity, or when the fields of vision of several people are non-overlapping, additional signal lights shall be installed. The signalling devices shall be positioned so that at least one danger signal is visible from any point within the signal recep
48、tion area. a) Vertical field of vision b) Horizontal field of vision Zone A: Recommended Zone B: Acceptable Zone C: Not suitable Zone D: Imposed line of sight Figure 2 Field of vision when line of sight direction is imposed by external task requirements a) Vertical field of vision b) Horizontal fiel
49、d of vision Zone A: Recommended Zone B: Acceptable Zone C: Not suitable Zone SN: Normal line of sight, 15 to 30 below the horizontal Figure 3 Field of vision when line of sight direction is not imposed by external task requirements BS EN 842:1996+A1:2008EN 842:1996+A1:2008 (E) 9 4.3 Discriminability 4.3.1 General When a visual danger signal has been detected it is of vital importance that the correct measures
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