EN 881-2004 en Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption Aluminium chloride (monomeric) aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride h.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 881:2004 Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption Aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) The European Standard EN 881:2004 has the status of a British Standard IC

2、S 71.100.80 BS EN 881:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 2 December 2004 BSI 2 December 2004 ISBN 0 580 44942 4 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 881:2004. It supersedes B

3、S EN 881:1997 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-ref

4、erences The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of Briti

5、sh Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present

6、 to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an ins

7、ide front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 8

8、81 November 2004 ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 881:1997 English version Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) Produits chimiques utiliss pour l

9、e traitement de leau destine la consommation humaine - Chlorure daluminium, hydroxychlorure daluminium et hydroxychlorosulfate daluminium (monomres) Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr den menschlichen Gebrauch - Aluminiumchlorid (monomer), Aluminiumhydroxidchlorid (monomer) und Aluminiumhydroxi

10、dchloridsulfat (monomer) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date li

11、sts and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the resp

12、onsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irel

13、and, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-10

14、50 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 881:2004: EEN 881:2004 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Description .5 4 Purity criteria8 5 Test methods10 6 Labelli

15、ng - Transportation - Storage11 Annex A (informative) General information on aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) .14 Annex B (normative) General rules relating to safety17 Bibliography 18 EN 881:2004 (E) 3 Fore

16、word This document (EN 881:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May

17、2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2005. This document supersedes EN 881:1997. Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 881:1997 are as follows: a) replacement of the reference to EU Directive 80/778 of 15 July 1980 with the latest D

18、irective in force (see1); b) introduction of an annex B (normative) giving general rules relating to safety; c) expansion of annex A by addition of A.2 “Quality of commercial product“. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries

19、are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland a

20、nd United Kingdom. EN 881:2004 (E) 4 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this document: a) this document provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any

21、of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this document does not confer or imply ac

22、ceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this document is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. EN 881:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This document is applicable to aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride

23、hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics and specifies the requirements of aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomer

24、ic) and refers to the corresponding analytical methods. This document does not apply to any polymeric form of these salts (see EN 883). It also gives information for their use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of these aluminium salts (see Annex B). 2

25、 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 883, Chemicals used for

26、treatment of water intended for human consumption - Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate. EN 1302, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Aluminium based coagulants - Analytical methods. ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products

27、for industrial use - Safety in sampling. ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use - Sampling Vocabulary. ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use - Sampling techniques - Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps. 3 Description 3.1 Identificatio

28、n 3.1.1 Chemical name a) aluminium chloride (monomeric); b) aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric); c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric). 3.1.2 Synonym or common names a) aluminium chloride; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate. 3.1.3 Relative mol

29、ecular mass 133,3 for AlCl 3 . EN 881:2004 (E) 6 3.1.4 Empirical formula a) AlCl 3 ; b) Al(OH) a Cl bwith (a + b) = 3 and a less than or equal to 1,05; c) Al(OH) a Cl b (SO 4 ) cwith (a + b + 2c) = 3 and a less than or equal to 1,05. 3.1.5 Chemical formula Variable (see 3.1.4). 3.1.6 CAS Registry Nu

30、mber 1)a) 7446-70-0; b) 1) a and b variable: 1327-41-9 with a less than or equal to 1,05; 2) a = 1, b = 2: 14215-15-7; c) a, b and c variable: 39290-78-3 with a less than or equal to 1,05. 3.1.7 EINECS reference 2)a) 231-208-1; b) 1) 215-477-2; 2) 238-071-7; c) 254-400-7. 3.2 Commercial forms Alumin

31、ium chloride in the form of hexahydrate is available as crystals. Liquid forms of aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are available as solutions or suspensions. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance The product is colourless to yel

32、low. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. EN 881:2004 (E) 7 3.3.2 Density The density depends on the particular composition, especially the aluminium ion content, expressed as mass fraction of aluminium (Al ) in %. Typical v

33、alues for solutions: a) aluminium chloride: 1,3 g/ml for 5,8 % Al; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: 1,35 g/ml to 1,40 g/ml for 9,5 % Al ; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 1,18 g/ml to 1,22 g/ml for 5,3 % Al; 1,18 g/ml for 4,2 % Al . 3.3.3 Solubility Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hyd

34、roxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are fully miscible with water. NOTE Depending on the particular product, dilute solutions can hydrolyze and form a precipitate. 3.3.4 Vapour pressure Not known. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa 3)Not known. 3.3.6 Crystallization point Typical

35、 values for solutions: a) aluminium chloride: - 20 C for 5,8 %Al ; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: - 20 C for 9,5 %Al; - 20 C for 12,4 % Al; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 10 C to - 15 C for 5,3 % Al ; 5 C for 4,2 %Al . 3.3.7 Specific heat Not known. 3) 100 kPa = 1 bar. EN 881:2004 (E) 8

36、3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) Typical values for solutions at 20 C: a) aluminium chloride solution: 10 mPa.s for 5,8 %Al ; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: 10 mPa.s to 50 mPa.s for 9,5 %Al; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 3 mPa.s to 10 mPa.s for 5,3 % Al . 3.3.9 Critical temperature Not applica

37、ble. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical properties Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are acidic liquids which hydrolyse and form a precipitate of aluminium hydroxide when d

38、iluted beyond a particular level. NOTE Since aluminium compounds are amphoteric in nature, the solubility of aluminium depends on the pH value and the products should be used within an appropriate pH range. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This document specifies the minimum purity requirements for alu

39、minium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw materiel and the manufactur

40、ing process other impurities may be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of these products should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human

41、consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the products not stated in this document. Limits have been given for impurities and chemicals parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the cur

42、rent production process and raw materials. If the production process or raw materials lead to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. EN 881:2004 (E) 9 4.2 Composition of commercial product The concentration of active matter (

43、aluminium ion content) in the commercial product expressed as grams per kilogram of product shall be within 3 % of the manufacturers declared values. NOTE The concentration of water-soluble aluminium in commercial products varies. Typical values of aluminium content in products can be between 42 g/k

44、g and 124 g/kg. The commercial products vary in the proportions of chloride and sulfate ions. The relative basicity of these products expressed as the mole ratio OH/3Al shall be less than or equal to 0,35. 4.3 Impurities and main by-products Impurities derived from the manufacturing or extraction pr

45、ocess include insoluble matter, trace metals and organic compounds. Note If iron is present, it will usually be removed in the treatment process. 4.4 Chemical parameters The products shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. Table 1 Chemical parameters Parameter Limit mg/kg of Al type

46、1 type 2 type 3 Arsenic (As) max. 14 40 100 Cadmium (Cd) max. 3 50 100 Chromium (Cr) max. 30 700 1 000 Mercury (Hg) max. 4 10 20 Nickel (Ni) max. 20 700 1 000 Lead (Pb) max. 40 200 800 Antimony (Sb) max. 20 40 120 Selenium (Se) max. 20 40 120 NOTE Cyanide (CN - ) is usually not relevant because of t

47、he acidity of the product. Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not relevant since the raw materials used in the manufacturing process are free of them. For maximum impact of these products on trace metal content in drinking water see A.2 EN 881:2004 (E) 10 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling

48、 5.1.1 General Observe the general recommendations of ISO 3165 and take into account ISO 6206. 5.1.2 Solid Prepare the laboratory sample(s) required by the relevant procedure described in ISO 8213. 5.1.3 Liquid 5.1.3.1 Sampling from drums and bottles 5.1.3.1.1 General 5.1.3.1.1.1 Mix the contents of

49、 each container to be sampled by shaking the container, by rolling it or by rocking it from side to side, taking care not to damage the container or spill any of the liquid. 5.1.3.1.1.2 If the design of the container is such (for example, a narrow-necked bottle) that it is impracticable to use a sampling implement, take a sample by pouring after the contents have been thoroughly mixed. Otherwise, proceed as described in 5.1.3.1.1.3. 5.1.3.1.1.3 Examine the sur