EN 926-1-2006 7520 Paragliding equipment - Paragliders - Part 1 Requirements and test methods for structural strength《滑翔伞设备 滑翔伞 第1部分 结构强度要求和试验方法》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 926-1:2006Paragliding equipment Paragliders Part 1: Requirements and test methods for structural strengthThe European Standard EN 926-1:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 97.220.40g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g4

2、4g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Nov 20 06:18:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 926-1:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy a

3、nd Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49141 2National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 926-1:2006. It supersedes BS EN 926-1:1996 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committ

4、ee SW/136, Sports, playground and other recreational equipment, to Subcommittee SW/136/6, Paragliding.A list of organizations represented on SW/136/6 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respons

5、ible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Nov 20 06:18:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPI

6、SCHE NORMEN 926-1August 2006ICS 97.220.40 Supersedes EN 926-1:1995 English VersionParagliding equipment - Paragliders - Part 1: Requirements andtest methods for structural strengthEquipement pour le parapente - Parapentes - Partie 1:Prescriptions et mthodes dessai concernant la rsistancede la struct

7、ureAusrstung fr das Gleitschirmfliegen - Gleitschirme - Teil1: Anforderungen und Prfverfahren an die BaufestigkeitThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 July 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Europe

8、anStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, Fre

9、nch, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republi

10、c, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMAL

11、ISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 926-1:2006: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Nov 20 06:18:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontroll

12、ed Copy, (c) BSIEN 926-1:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Terms and definitions .5 3 Requirements.5 3.1 Shock loading 5 3.2 Sustained loading5 3.3 Breaking strength of the lines 6 4 Test methods6 4.1 Apparatus .6 4.1.1 Weak link 6 4.1.2 Cable .7 4.1.3 Electronic sensor.

13、7 4.1.4 Measurement circuit7 4.1.5 Video recording equipment 7 4.2 Test specimen7 4.3 Test conditions 7 4.4 Shock loading test.7 4.4.1 Principle7 4.4.2 Procedure A8 4.4.3 Procedure B8 4.5 Sustained loading test 9 4.5.1 Principle9 4.5.2 Procedure .9 4.6 Line bending test .9 4.6.1 Principle9 4.6.2 Con

14、ditions 9 4.6.3 Procedure .10 5 Inspection .10 6 Test report 10 Annex A (informative) Recommendations for the information to be supplied by the manufacturer with each paraglider 12 Annex B (informative) A-Deviation 13 B.1 General13 B.2 Germany .13 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Nov 20 06:18:03 GMT

15、+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 926-1:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 926-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136 “Sports, playground and recreationnal equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a natio

16、nal standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2007. This document supersedes EN 926-1:1995. This standard is one of a series of standards on equipment for par

17、agliding as follows: EN 926-1, Paragliding equipment Paragliders Part 1: Requirements and test methods for structural strength EN 926-2, Paragliding equipment Paragliders Part 2: Requirements and test methods for classifying flight safety characteristics EN 1651, Paragliding equipment Harnesses Safe

18、ty requirements and strength tests EN 12491, Paragliding equipment Emergency parachutes Safety requirements and test methods According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belg

19、ium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon

20、 Nov 20 06:18:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 926-1:2006 (E) 4 Introduction EN 926-1 and EN 926-2 are intended to provide a method of qualifying paragliders. The aim of these standards is to enhance safety thus eliminating paragliders which display unacceptable behaviour in given sit

21、uations on the basis of recognized tests set in these two standards. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Nov 20 06:18:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 926-1:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to paragliders as defined in 2.1. This part of EN 926 specifies requirement

22、s and test methods for the resistance of a paraglider to static and dynamic loads and sets the minimum strength threshold for its qualification. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 paraglider ultra light glider with no primary rig

23、id structure, for which take-off and landing are on foot, with the pilot (and potentially one passenger) carried in a harness (or harnesses) connected to the wing 2.2 model of paraglider paragliders of different sizes of a given design are considered to be the same model when fulfilling the followin

24、g criteria: a) the different sizes have either been obtained by using a uniform scale factor, or by adding/removing cells in the centre of the canopy; b) any cells inserted in the centre of bigger sizes are technically identical to adjacent cells; c) on scaled paragliders the architecture of the str

25、ucture of the suspension line system is identical. The lengths of the suspension lines are either identical for all sizes, or have been scaled up/down by a factor not greater than the scale factor of the canopy; d) for all sizes identical materials are used; e) the way materials are processed is ide

26、ntical for all sizes. 2.3 identically constructed lines lines which are considered to be identically constructed if the only elements that alter are finished line length and cosmetic colour 3 Requirements 3.1 Shock loading When tested according to 4.4 the wing shall not be damaged. 3.2 Sustained loa

27、ding When tested according to 4.5 the wing shall not be damaged. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Nov 20 06:18:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 926-1:2006 (E) 6 3.3 Breaking strength of the lines The lines shall be tested according to 4.6. If identically constructed lines have already

28、 been tested, then the result may be used. For A- and B-lines in the lowest section (i.e. next to the risers) the sum of Fbreak1 n1 + Fbreak2 n 2 + Fbreak3 n 3 + where Fbreak1, 2, 3,. is the breaking load line type 1, 2, 3, used in the lowest section of the A- and/or B-lines); n 1, 2, 3,. is the num

29、ber of lines of line type 1, 2, 3, used in the lowest section of the A- and B-lines shall exceed the greater of 8 g max weight in flight or 8 000 N (g = 9,81 m/s2). For each of the other line sections above, the same calculation is performed. The result shall exceed the result obtained for the lowes

30、t section. For the C- and D-lines (and any further suspension lines) in the lowest section the sum of Fbreak1 n 1 + Fbreak2 n 2 + Fbreak3 n 3 + where Fbreak1, 2, 3,is the breaking load line type 1, 2, 3,. used in the lowest section of the C- and/or D-lines (and/or any further lines); n 1, 2, 3,.is t

31、he number of lines of line type 1, 2, 3,. used in the lowest section of the C-, D-, or any further lines shall exceed the greater of 6 g max weight in flight or 6 000 N. For each of the other line sections above, the same calculation shall be performed. The result shall exceed the result obtained fo

32、r the lowest section. 4 Test methods 4.1 Apparatus 4.1.1 Weak link The weak link shall be calibrated for instantaneous break at a load defined in Table 1 according to the total weight in flight: Table 1 Selection of weak link break loads Total weight in flight, in kg 120 120 to 180 180 to 240 240 Br

33、eak load of the weak link, in daN 800 1 000 1 200 1 400 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Nov 20 06:18:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 926-1:2006 (E) 7 For each additional 60 kg value above 240 kg total weight in flight, the break load of the weak link shall be increased by 200 daN. 4

34、.1.2 Cable A steel cable of 150 m in length, of minimum specification of 6 mm diameter, 18 7 all steel construction, tensile grade 1 600 N/mm2, may be covered with non-metallic protective coat. 4.1.3 Electronic sensor An electronic sensor equipped with an electronic strain gauge for measuring the fo

35、rce (sampling a minimum of 5 times per second). 4.1.4 Measurement circuit With a graph clearly showing the load (N) against time (s). 4.1.5 Video recording equipment To be mounted on the test vehicle. 4.2 Test specimen Select a test specimen that conforms to the manufacturing record for that model (

36、see Annex A). Either every size of a particular paraglider design shall separately be tested or where different sizes meet the criteria of being the same model, then it is sufficient that the size with the largest maximum total weight in flight is tested. In this case: a) if smaller/bigger versions

37、of the tested glider have been obtained by applying a uniform scale factor to the canopy, the max total weight in flight for all the other sizes shall not exceed: Wmax= W max tested glider 0,8 b) if smaller/bigger versions of the tested glider have been obtained by adding or removing cells in the ce

38、ntre of the canopy, the max total weight in flight for all the other sizes shall not exceed: W max= W max tested glider 0,8 (nAO/nAO tested glider) where nAOis the number of lines in the lowest section of the A-lines. 4.3 Test conditions For the shock loading test in 4.4, the wind speed in the immed

39、iate vicinity of the glider shall not be greater than 2 m/s. 4.4 Shock loading test 4.4.1 Principle The paraglider is subjected to a shock load using either procedure A or procedure B, and the wing is then visually inspected for damage. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Nov 20 06:18:03 GMT+00:00 2006

40、, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 926-1:2006 (E) 8 4.4.2 Procedure A Carry out the shock loading test using a weak link to limit the loads to a maximum force according to Table 1. Place the paraglider vertically such that it is supported from close to the leading edge with the trailing edge in the cent

41、re touching the ground and the span fully extended. The number of supports shall be at least equal to the number of lines in the lowest section of the A lines. The arrangement of the canopy shall be such as to minimise any slackness (looseness) in the material of the lower surface. The lines and ris

42、ers shall be as straight as possible. Connect the risers to the weak link and the latter to the cable defined in 4.1.2, whose other end is connected to the tow vehicle. Connect the control handles to the same point as the risers at the weak link. Lay out the cable on the ground so that the test shoc

43、k load can be applied almost instantaneously. The wind speed in the immediate vicinity of the glider shall be less than 2 m/s. The tow vehicle shall attain a ground speed of (7050+ ) km/h from the standing start before the cable becomes taut. Continue until either: a) the weak link breaks, or b) the

44、 paraglider fails. 4.4.3 Procedure B Carry out the shock loading test using a weak link to limit the loads to a maximum force according to Table 1. Place the paraglider on the ground in the configuration for instant inflation. Connect the risers to the weak link and the latter to the cable defined i

45、n 4.1.2, whose other end is connected to the tow vehicle. Connect the control handles to the same point as the risers at the weak link. Lay out the cable on the ground so that the test shock load can be applied almost instantaneously. The wind speed in the immediate vicinity of the glider shall be l

46、ess than 2 m/s. The tow vehicle shall attain a ground speed of (6050+ ) km/h from the standing start before the cable becomes taut. Continue until either: a) the weak link breaks, or b) the paraglider fails. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Mon Nov 20 06:18:03 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIE

47、N 926-1:2006 (E) 9 4.5 Sustained loading test 4.5.1 Principle The paraglider is attached to a test vehicle and flown whilst loads are measured. After completion of the loading test the wing is visually inspected for damage. 4.5.2 Procedure Attach the risers of the test specimen, 0,42 m apart, to the

48、 electronic sensors on the tow vehicle. A controller can be positioned on the tow vehicle in order to operate the paraglider control lines to stabilise the wing. Record the test on video from the tow vehicle so as to show the behaviour of the paraglider under load. Increase the speed of the vehicle

49、as gradually as possible, enabling the controller to obtain satisfactory stabilisation of the flight path of the paraglider, keeping the load factor less than three times the maximum permissible load. When the paraglider has stabilised, continue to increase the speed gradually until either: 1) the load exceeds a mean load factor of eight times the maximum total weight in flight recommended by the manufacturer, for a minimum continuous duration of 3 s, or 2) five peaks are obtained above ten times the maximum total wei