1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 981: ICS 13.110; 13
2、.320 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Safety of machinery System of auditory and visual danger and information signals +A1:2008 1996National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 981:1996+A1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 981:1996 which is wit
3、hdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted
4、 by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/1, Thermal environments. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary, This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are res
5、ponsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 981:1996+A1:2008 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes in
6、to effect on 15 March 1997 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 64056 8 30 June 2009 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2008, and alignment of BSI and CEN publication dates EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 981:1996+A1 September 2008 ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN 981:1996 English Version Safety of
7、machinery - System of auditory and visual danger and information signals Scurit des machines - Systme de signaux auditifs et visuels de danger et dinformation Sicherheit von Maschinen - System akustischer und optischer Gefahrensignale und Informationssignale This European Standard was approved by CE
8、N on 21 October 1996 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and b
9、ibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibil
10、ity of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
11、 Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Sta
12、ssart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 981:1996+A1:2008: EEN 981:1996+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 4 3 Definitions 4 4 Ergonomic principles for the d
13、esign and application of auditory and visual signals5 4.1 General5 4.2 Principles for distinctive characters5 4.3 Qualities of auditory signals.6 4.4 Qualities of visual signals.6 5 System of auditory and visual signals 6 5.1 Scheme of purposes and character.6 5.2 Scheme of auditory signal character
14、.6 5.3 Scheme of visual signal colours6 6 Testing 7 Table 1 Signals for general purposes, listed after degree of urgency .8 Table 2 Character of signals for public alarm .9 Table 3 Scheme for character of auditory signals10 Table 4 Scheme for colours of visual signals .11 Annex ZA (informative) ! !
15、! !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC“ “ “ “ .12 Table ZA.5 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC12 Annex ZB (informative) ! ! ! !Relationship between this Europe
16、an Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“ “ “ “.13 Table ZB.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2006/42/EC 13 BS EN 981:1996+A1:2008EN 981:1996+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 981:1996+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee C
17、EN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
18、December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-14. This document supersedes EN 981:1996. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the E
19、uropean Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ On the international level the International Standard ISO 11429 “
20、Ergonomics System of auditory and visual danger and information signals“ has been prepared by WG 3 “Danger signals and speech communication in noisy environments“ of ISO/TC 159/SC 5 “Ergonomics of the physical environment“. The technical content of both the European Standard prEN 981 and the Interna
21、tional Standard ISO 11429 is identical, with the exception of the emergency evacuation signal which is not dealt with in this European standard, however the limits of applicability of the standards to other technical fields are different. Due to the different limits of applicability still existing o
22、n the European and international level direct transformation of the International Standard into a European Standard is not possible. The reason is that EN 981 has been prepared in order to fulfil the essential safety and health requirements of annex I of the Council Directive 89/392/EEC of 14 June 1
23、989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to machinery: Essential health and safety requirements relating to the design and construction of machinery (see Annex A of EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995) and that therefore the limits of applicability of the European Standard is restricted
24、to this Directive. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icelan
25、d, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 1 Scope To reduce risks associated with misinterpretation of visual and auditory danger signals, a system of danger and informat
26、ion signals is specified taking into account the different degrees of urgency. This European Standard is applicable to all danger and information signals which have to be clearly perceived and differentiated as specified in 5.3 of EN 292-2:1991, by other requirements or by the work situation, and to
27、 all degrees of urgency from extreme urgency to an ALL CLEAR situation. Where visual signals are to be complementary to sound signals, the signal character is specified for both. BS EN 981:1996+A1:2008EN 981:1996+A1:2008 (E) 4 This European Standard does not apply to certain fields covered by specif
28、ic standards or other conventions in force (international or national); in particular, fire alarms, medical alarms, alarms used in the field of public transport, navigation signals and signals for special fields of activity (for example, military). When new signals are being planned, however, this E
29、uropean Standard should be considered in order to avoid inconsistency. For auditory signals, the system of signal character is a guideline for a signal language based on message categories which are classified according to urgency. Certain characters are specified for purposes which require safe and
30、 rapid recognition. Certain categories allow possibilities for variants, e.g. control and warning signals at workplaces where the signalling is intended for personnel with specific training. For visual signals, the established meanings of the safety colours are not affected by this European Standard
31、. For different needs, complementary meanings have been assigned to the signals by timed patterns, and in a very few cases by alternating colours. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references
32、are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
33、 edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 457:1992, Safety of machinery Auditory danger signals General requirements, design and testing (ISO 7731:1986
34、modified). EN 842:1996, Safety of machinery Visual danger signals General requirements, design and testing. EN 60073, Coding of indicating devices and actuators by colours and supplementary means (IEC 73:1991). ISO 8995, Principles of visual ergonomics The lighting of indoor work systems. ISO 9921-1
35、, Ergonomic assessment of speech communication Part 1: Speech interference level and communication distances for persons with normal hearing capacity in direct communication (SIL method). 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply: 3.1 alternating sound light shi
36、fts between two or three acoustical optical spectra, with equal duration of the segments, at least 0,15 s each 3.2 bursts of sound normally recurrent group of sound pulses with short but distinct interruptions, the pulse period, including interruption, being between 0,25 s and 0,125 s 3.3 character
37、of a signal combination of one or more auditory or visual components differentiating one signal from another BS EN 981:1996+A1:2008EN 981:1996+A1:2008 (E) 5 3.4 flash light of duration less than 0,5 s. 3.5 quick-pulse sound of duration less than 0,5 s. 3.6 segment one of a number of parts in a sound
38、 or light signal during which the signal character is constant 3.7 spectrum of sound light intensity or sound pressure level of sound light represented as function of frequency or wavelength 3.8 sweeping sound continuously or discretely varying frequency 4 Ergonomic principles for the design and app
39、lication of auditory and visual signals 4.1 General 4.1.1 Auditory and visual signals shall be rapidly recognizable under all environmental conditions anticipated for their use. The recognition of a signal depends on many physical and psychophysical characteristics. To ensure that signal effectivene
40、ss is not compromised by lack of reliability of signals, false alarm should be minimized or eliminated. Signals shall be effective under all conditions of use, including conditions of environmental disturbance of the recognition process and in situations involving the highest degree of importance an
41、d urgency for action. Signal intensity shall be in accordance with EN 457 and EN 842. 4.1.2 The risk of panic caused by signalling is to be considered, but should not be overestimated. In principle, two steps of panic reaction can be apparent: The first sound impulse or flash of light can generate u
42、nintended fright. To avoid this shock-effect, the initial intensity of the sound should not be too high but should increase during the duration of the signal. The sudden question: “What is happening?“ can generate feelings of uncertainty and panic. Therefore, regular information is most essential. 4
43、.2 Principles for distinctive characters The primary requirement for a signal is some kind of typical pattern, which makes the signal message unambiguous and ensures recognition under different difficult environmental conditions. The necessary variations can be produced in several ways, but are basi
44、cally achieved by variation in intensity or in spectrum of light or sound. Although there is an analogy between the spectrum of light and sound, there are limitations to how this analogy can be used to make auditory and visual signals similar. For example, it is not wise to try to use sweeping colou
45、r like the sweeping pitch of sounds. For light, five colours are used which each carry the same meaning, while for sound five analogous constant pitches are not used because pitch is a major tool which makes the signal audible with respect to the acoustical environment. In practice, any physical sim
46、ilarity BS EN 981:1996+A1:2008EN 981:1996+A1:2008 (E) 6 between sound and light signals shall be based on temporal variation (i.e. variation in intensity over time) like characters from e.g. Morse Code. Most people have the ability to remember and identify only very few different time patterns of si
47、gnals. Echoes and acoustical delay can change the perceived character of a signal, especially when separate sound sources are used. 4.3 Qualities of auditory signals The design of auditory signals shall be in accordance with EN 457. The use of speech signals shall be in accordance with ISO 9921-1. A
48、 priority classification of auditory signal character according to importance or urgency has been applied (see table 1). Signals with frequency variation sweeping or alternating are reserved for the most dangerous situations. Signals with constant frequency segments can be short grouped pulses (burs
49、ts), or sequences of equal or unequal segments. More than two different lengths of sound in each sequence shall not be used. The ratio of lengths should not be less than 1:3. Higher pitch is associated with greater urgency, but particular frequency distributions are not specified. Variants in character (maintaining specified features) are available for numerous specific purposes within the two message categories DANGER and CAUTION. By applying the main scheme (see table 1) which specifies significant but not detailed character, a nu
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