1、BRITISH STANDARD Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 10. Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating The European Standasd EN 993-10 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICs 81.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGm LAW Bq m
2、BS EN 993-10 : 1998 BS 1902-5.10 : 1998 BS EN 993-10 1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was pubiished under the auhority of the Sandards Board and comes into effect on 15 March 1998 Q BSI 1998 National foreword This B
3、ritish Standard is the English language version of EN 99MO : 1997 published by the European Committee for Stan-on (CEN). It supeM EN 99310 November 1997 ICs 81.080 Descriptors: Refractory materials, shaped refractories, dense shaped refractory products, tests, thermal tests, determination, dimension
4、al stability, procedure English version Methods of test for dense shaped fkactory products - Part 10 Determination of pemnanent change in dimensions on heatirg Mthodes dessai pour produits rfractaires Parie 10 Dtermimion de la variation permanente de dimensions sous laction de la chaleur prufverfahr
5、en fr dichte gefonnte feuerfeste Teil 10 Bestimmung der bleibenden Langennderung nach Temperatureinwirkung faconns denses - Erzeugnisse- This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 October 1997. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipdate the conditio
6、ns for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any Ateration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three offi
7、cial versions (English, French, Gem). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Bel
8、gium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standarduation Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fb- Normung Centrai Secreta
9、riat: rue de Stassart 36, 5-1060 Brussels O 1997 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved to CEN and its members Ref. No. EN 993-10 : 1997 E STD=BSI BS EN 793-1O-ENGL 1798 lbZqbb7 Ob88518 793 W Page 2 EN 993-10 : 1997 Foreword Contents This European Standard
10、 has been prepared by Technical Commit m O O N I = 100 I* + I I + I 0 20 a- rR6 Detail of rounding-off studs, point of dial gauge and locating pins Dimensions in millimetres Q Carrier (see figure 2) Basepplate Figure 1. Length-measuring device (Method 1) (Plan view) O BSI 1998 * rn * 6 kst pieces Th
11、e number of items tested and the number of test pieces per item, shall be by agreement between the parties. NOTE 1. It is recommended that only one test piece should be taken from each item. Test pieces shaU be in the form of either: a) rectangular prisms, 50 mm X 50 mm X 60 mm; or b) cylinders, 50
12、mm diameter and 60 mm long. Tolerances on all dimensions shal be 2mm. Page 5 EN 993-10 : 1997 7.2.3 Volume measurement (Method 3) Determine the bulk density of the test piece in accordance with EN 993-1. Calculate the bulk volume, VB, in cubic centimetres, from the measurements taken, using the foli
13、owing equation: where NOTE 2. The 60 nun dimension should coincide with the direction of the forming pressure during manufacture if this direction is known. mi is the apparent mass of the immersed test piece in-; The position of each test piece in the brick shail be m2 is the mass of the soaked test
14、 piece in grams; recorded. The 50 mm X 50 mm faces of the prism, or the ends of the cylinder, shall be ground plane and parallel before the test. Each test piece shall be miq is the density of the immersion liquid in grams per cubic centimetre. identified by appropriate markjng. 7 Procedure 7.1 Dryi
15、ng of the test pieces Dry each test piece in the drying oven (6.6) at (i10 5) OC to constant mass. 7.2 Measurement of test pieces 7.2.1 Linear measurement by dial gauge apparatus (Method 1) Calibrate the length-measuring device (6.4) using the cylinder of known length. Place the test piece on the ca
16、rrier, with the 60 mm dimension vertical. For rectangular test pieces, align one corner with the diagonal mark on the carrier, and mark this corner so that the test piece may be placed in the same position for measurement after firing. Mark cylindrical test pieces adjacent to the diagonal mark. Meas
17、ure the length of the test piece in four positions, to an accmy of 0,Ol mm, by moving the carrier with the test piece over the base plate. For redangular test pieces, the four positions are located on the diagonals, between 20 mm and 25 mm from each corner. For cylindrical test pieces, the positions
18、 are 10 mm to 15 mm from the perimeter, on two diameters at right angles. Record each measuring point. 7.2.2 Linear measurement bg vernier callipers (Method 2) Measure the length of the test piece using the vernier calhpers (6.4.3) to an accuracy of 0,02 mm. Measure the length at three positions usi
19、ng the measuring points shown in figure 3. Mark the positions at which the measurements are made, either with refractory paint or by cutting small grooves across the edges of the test pieces (see figure 3). NOTE. Sliding test pieces in and out of the jaws of callipers can lead to wear of the surface
20、 of the jaws, although such an effect will be reduced because the length change is calculated by the difference of two measurements made with the same callipers. To minimize such wear, the test pieces should be placed carefully in the open jaws in contact with the upper fixed jaw, and the lower jaw
21、moved up until contact is made. 7.3 Mounting of test pieces in the furnace Place the test pieces in the furnace (6.1), each one resting on one of its 50 mm X 50 mm faces (for prisms) or on end (for cylinders), and protected from direct radiation in an electricaily heated fumace or from the fame of t
22、he gas burner in a gas-fired furnace. Do not superimpose test pieces one on another. To allow free circulation of the hot gases, the test pieces shail be separated from each other by a distance of not less than 20 mm, and shall be not nearer than 50 mm to the walls of the furnace. The test pieces sh
23、all be placed in the furnace on bricks, 30 mm to 65 mm thick, of the same material as the test pieces, the bricks being laid flat on the apices of two supports of trianguiar cross-section, 20 mm to 50 mm in height and about 80 mm apart. 7.4 Test temperature The test temperature shail be 800 “C or a
24、higher temperature, which is a multiple of 50 OC. 7.6 Temperature measurement and distribution Using at least three thermocouples placed away from the walls of the furnace, away from the heaters and so as not to be in contact with any flames, measure and record the temperature distribution over the
25、limits of the space occupied by the test pieces. The variation in temperature shown between the thermocouples shall not be greater than 10 OC. O ES1 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 973-LO-ENGL 1998 LbZqbbS Ob88522 LLLi Page 6 EN 993-10 : 1997 A I Cu OCu o Y Dimensions in miiiimetres Q Two locating pins 0 6 Q Thr
26、ee studs 0 6 Figure 2. Test piece carrier (Method 1) r Figure 3. Measuring points when using vernier callipers (Method 2) O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 773-L-ENGL 1778 Lb24bb7 Ob88523 050 7.6 Heating Raise the temperature in the fumace at one of the following rates: a) for test temperatures up to 1 250 O
27、C: - from ambient temperature up to 50 “C below the test temperature: between 5 “C/min and 10 “C/miq - for the iast 50 “C between 1 “C/min and 5 “C/ - for the last 50 “C between 1 “C/min and 5 “C/min (see preceding Note). c) for temperatures greater than or equal to 1500 “C (gas fumace) - from ambie
28、nt temperature up to 1200 OC: between 5 “C/min and 20 “C/ - for the last 50 “C between 1 “C/min and 2 “C/min. 7.7 Maintenance of test temperature Maintain the temperature recorded on each of the three thermocouples (6.2) to within 10 “C of the test temperature for a period of 5 h. Record the mean of
29、 these three temperatures as the actual test temperature. NOTE. If required, further tests may be carried out for periods of 12 h or 24 h. 7.8 Sampling of furnace atmosphere Sample the atmosphere of gas-fired furnaces in the vicinity of the test pieces at some time during the heating period specifie
30、d in 7.7, and determine its oxygen content. 7.9 Cooling Switch off the fumace and aliow it to cool at its natural rate, the test pieces being dowed to cool in the furnace. 7.10 Measurement of test pieces after firing 7.10.1 Linear measurement (Methods 1 and 2) Examine the test pieces, noting particu
31、larly any blisters or accretions products during firing. If any of the measurement poins might be affected by such a defect, measure instead at the nearest point unaffected. If necessary, rotate the test piece to avoid contact between defects and any of the three supports of the measuring device. Pa
32、ge 7 EN 993-10 : 1997 Subject to these restrictions, measure the length of the test piece at each of the four positions specified in 7.2.1 and each of the positions in 7.2.2, using the same method and measuring device (6.4) as for the original measurement. 7.10.2 Volume measurement (Methal 3) Measur
33、e the volume of the test piece in accordance with 7.2.3. 8 Expression of results Express the permanent change in dimensions either as the change in length (Methods 1 and 2), or as the change in volume (Method 3). Calc the change in the relevant quantity, AL, or AY as a percentage of the original val
34、ue Lo or V, i.e. 100 AIAo or 100 AV/ b) the date of the test; c) a reference to this European Standard, i.e. in accordance with EN 993-10. d) a reference to the method used (Method 1, 2 or 3); e) description of the material tested (manufacturer and type, batch number); f) the number of items tested
35、(see clause 6); g) the number of test pieces per item or brick (see clause 6); h) the dimensions of the test pieces and their positions in the brick (see clause 6); i) the type of furnace used (see 6.1); j) the oxygen content of the furnace atmosphere, if required (see 7.8); k) the heating schedule
36、used (see 7.6); 1) the nominal test temperature (see 7.4); m) the actual mean temperature (see 7.7); n) the period at the actual mean temperature (see 7.7); o) the appearance of the test pieces after heating (see 7.10.1); p) the individual values and the mean value of the percentage linear or volume
37、 change (and whether positive or negative) for each test piece. O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 993-LO-ENGL 1998 LbZLibb7 Ob88529 T77 D i BSEN 993-10 : 1998 BS 1902-5.10 : 1998 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London w4 4AL BSI - British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for
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