1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 993-19:2004 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 19: Determination of thermal expansion by a differential method The European Standard EN 993-19:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.080 BS EN 993-19:2004 This British Standard was published unde
2、r the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 6 October 2004 BSI 6 October 2004 ISBN 0 580 44536 4 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 993-19:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/
3、1, Refractories, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Cata
4、logue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its co
5、rrect application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests i
6、nformed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the doc
7、ument was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN99319 May2004 ICS81.080 Englishversion MethodsoftestfordenseshapedrefractoryproductsPart19: Determinationofthermalexpansionbyadifferentialmethod Mthodesdessaidesproduitsr
8、fractairesdenses faonnsPartie19:Dterminationdeladilatation thermique PrfverfahrenfrdichtegeformtefeuerfesteErzeugnisse Teil19:BestimmungderWrmeausdehnungnacheinem Differentialverfahren ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon24March2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationsw
9、hichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(Eng
10、lish,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France
11、, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart
12、,36B1050Brussels 2004CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN99319:2004:EEN 993-19:2004 (E) 2 C o n t e n t s page Foreword3 1 Scope4 2 Normative references4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle4 5 Apparatus.4 5.1 Loading device.4 5.1.1 Ge
13、neral4 5.1.2 Fixed column5 5.1.3 Moving column.5 5.1.4 Two discs5 5.1.5 Arrangement of the apparatus .5 5.1.6 Applying the load.5 5.2 Furnace.5 5.3 Measuring device.6 5.4 Temperature measurement devices 7 5.5 Callipers7 6 Test pieces.8 7 Procedure.8 8 Calculation of results8 9 Test report10 Bibliogr
14、aphy 11 EN 993-19:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 993-19:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory products and materials”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
15、identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2004. This document includes a Bibliography. EN 993 with the general title “Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products” consists of 20 Parts: Pa
16、rt 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity Part 2: Determination of true density Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refractories Part 4: Determination of permeability to gases Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength Part 6: Determination of modulus of ru
17、pture at ambient temperature Part 7: Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-load Part 9: Determination of creep in compression Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating Part 11: Determination of resistance
18、to thermal shock 1Part 12: Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent (refractoriness) Part 13: Specification for pyrometric reference cones for laboratory use Part 14: Determination of thermal conductivity by the hot-wire (cross-array) method Part 15: Determination of thermal conductivity by the h
19、ot-wire (parallel) method Part 16: Determination of resistance to sulphuric acid Part 17: Determination of bulk density of granular materials by the mercury method with vacuum Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular materials by the water method with vacuum Part 19: Determination of therm
20、al expansion by a differential method Part 20: Determination of resistance to abrasion at ambient temperature According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Cz
21、ech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 1Published as a TS with the general title “Dense shaped
22、refractory products” EN 993-19:2004 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes a method for determining the thermal expansion of dense shaped refractory products under rising temperature by a differential method. NOTE The test can be carried out up to a maximum temperature of 1 700 C. 2 Normativ
23、e references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated references, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of a
24、ny of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 60584-1, Thermocouples Part 1: Reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995). EN 60584-2,
25、 Thermocouples Part 2: Tolerances (IEC 60584-2:1982+A1:1989). ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external measurement. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 thermal expansion uniaxial extension which occurs when a material
26、is heated under contact load 3.2 contact load total constant compressive load applied to the test piece during the performance of the test 4 Principle A cylindrical test piece is subjected to a defined compressive contact load and heated in air at a specified uniform rate of temperature increase. It
27、s change in height and temperature are recorded and the percentage change in height is evaluated as a function of temperature. NOTE If the test is applied to material liable to oxidation, the results may be influenced. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Loading device 5.1.1 General The loading device shall be capable
28、of applying a load centred on the common axis of the loading column, the test piece and the supporting column, and directed vertically along this axis at all stages of the test. The loading device consists of the items given in 5.1.2 to 5.1.5. A contact stress of 0,01 MPa is applied in a downward di
29、rection from above the test piece resting directly or indirectly on a fixed base. The change in height of the test piece is measured by a device that passes either through the applied load or through an intermediate base. The contact load shall not vary by more than 1 N. EN 993-19:2004 (E) 5 5.1.2 F
30、ixed column The fixed column shall be at least 45 mm in overall diameter and with an axial bore (see 5.1.5). 5.1.3 Moving column The moving column shall be at least 45 mm in overall diameter. NOTE Arrangements can be made for the upper moving column to be fixed to the furnace, and the combination of
31、 furnace and column then forms the moveable loading device. In this case, a counter balancing weight will be necessary to achieve the required contact stress. 5.1.4 Two discs Two discs shall be 5 mm to 10 mm thick, at least 50,5 mm in diameter and not less than the actual diameter of the test pieces
32、. The discs shall be of an appropriate refractory material compatible with the material under test. NOTE For example, high fired mullite or alumina for alumino-silicate products, and magnesia or spinel for basic products. These discs are placed between the test piece and the fixed and moving columns
33、. The disc placed between the test piece and the fixed column shall have a central bore (see 5.1.5). The ends of the fixed and moving column shall be plane and perpendicular on their axes; the face of each disc shall be plane and parallel. If chemical reaction is expected between discs and test piec
34、e, a platinum or platinum/rhodium foil (0,2 mm thickness) shall be placed between them. 5.1.5 Arrangement of the apparatus The arrangement of the two columns, the two discs, the platinum sheet, if used, and the test piece is shown in Figure 1, which also shows typical diameters of the bores in the f
35、ixed column and the disc between them. 5.1.6 Applying the load The columns and the discs shall be capable of withstanding the applied load up to the final test temperature without significant deformation. There should be no reaction between the discs and the loading system. NOTE The material from wh
36、ich the discs are made should have a T 1 value greater than or equal to the temperature at which the test material has a T 5 value. T 1 and T 5 correspond to temperatures for which the deformation values measured according to EN 993-8 are respectively 1 % and 5 %. 5.2 Furnace The furnace (preferably
37、 with a vertical axis) shall be capable of raising the temperature of the test piece to the final test temperature at the specified rate (see clause 7) in an atmosphere of air. The temperature of the region of the furnace occupied by the test piece, when at a stable temperature above 500 C, shall be
38、 uniform around the test piece (12,5 mm above and below) to within 10 K; this shall be verified by carrying out tests using the thermocouples located at different points on the curved surface of the test piece. NOTE The furnace design should be such that the whole of the column assembly can be reach
39、ed easily, either by movement of the supporting column or, if access into the furnace is restricted, by movement of the furnace itself. The assembly should be such that the test piece and loading column stand vertically and co-axial with the support column when unrestrained. EN 993-19:2004 (E) 6 Key
40、 NOTE Typical dimensions, in mm, marked* 1 Moving column (see 5.1.3) ext. 45 min.* 2 Upper disc (see 5.1.4) 3 Pt-Rh sheet ext. 50,5* int.: 12 4 Test piece ext.: 50 0,5 int.: 12 min., 13 max. 5 Pt-Rh sheet ext.: 50,5* int.: 10* 6 Lower disc (see 5.1.4) ext.: 50,5 mm int.: 10* 7 Fixed column (see 5.1.
41、2) ext.: 45 mm int.: 20 mm. 8 Outer alumina tube (see 5.3.a) ext.: 15* int: 10 ext. : 50,5 mm. 9 Central thermocouple (see 5.4.1) 10 Inner alumina tube (see 5.3.b) ext.: 8*. int.: 5* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9Figure 1 Example for an arrangement of test piece, columns, discs and tubes 5.3 Measuring device
42、The measuring device shall preferably be placed below the test piece, (see Figures 1 and 2), consisting of the following items. a) Outer alumina tube, placed inside the fixed column to abut on the lower side of the lower disc, and free to move within the fixed column (see c). b) Inner alumina tube,
43、placed inside the outer alumina tube and passing through the bores in the lower disc and in the test piece to abut on the lower face of the upper disc, and free to move within the outer alumina tube, the lower disc and the test piece (see c). The alumina tubes shall be capable of withstanding the lo
44、ad imposed on them by the measuring instrument at all temperatures up to the final test temperature without significant distortion. c) The arrangements of the two tubes, the two discs and test pieces are as shown in Figure 1, which also indicates typical external and internal diameters of the outer
45、and inner alumina tubes. d) An appropriate measuring instrument (for example a dial-gauge or length transducer connected to an automatic recording system), is fixed to the end of the outer tube (see a) and actuated by the inner tube (see b). The sensitivity of the measuring device shall be at least
46、0,005 mm. EN 993-19:2004 (E) 7 Key 1 Moving column (see 5.1.3) 2 Disc (see 5.1.4) 3 Position of central thermocouple (see 5.4.1) 4 Control thermocouple (see 5.4.2) 5 Test piece (see clause 6) 6 Disc (see 5.1.4) 7 Inner alumina tube (see 5.3.b) 8 Outer alumina tube (see 5.3.a) 9 Fixed column (see 5.1
47、.2) 10 Measuring instrument (see 5.3.d) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Figure 2 Test apparatus 5.4 Temperature measurement devices 5.4.1 Central thermocouple, passing through the inner alumina tube (see 5.3) of the dilatometer, with its junction at the mid-point of the test piece, for measuring the temperature
48、 of the test piece at its geometric centre. 5.4.2 Control thermocouple, which shall be placed in a sheath and situated outside the test piece (see Figure 2), for regulating the rate of rise of temperature. NOTE 1 For certain furnace constructions, it may advisable to place the thermocouple nearer to the heating elements. The thermocouples (see 5.4.1 and 5.4.2) shall be made from platinum and/or platinum-rhodium wire, and shall be compatible with the final test temperature. They shall be in accordance
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