1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 993-2:1995 BS 1902-3.4:1995 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 2: Determination of true density The European Standard EN 993-2:1995, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2003, has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.08
2、0 BS EN 993-2:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Refractory Products Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 May 1995 BSI 30 July 2004 The following BSI references relate to the work on
3、this standard: Committee reference RPM/1 Draft for comment 93/302169 DC ISBN 0 580 23604 8 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countrie
4、s: Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Belgium Institut belge de normalisation Denmark Dansk Standard Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. France Association franaise de normalisation Germany Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization Iceland Tech
5、nological Institute of Iceland Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portugal Instituto Portugus da Qualidade Spai
6、n Asociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certificacin Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation United Kingdom British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 15278 30 July 2004 Text amended in subclauses 5.2 a
7、nd 7.1.2BS EN 993-2:1995 BSI 23 July 2004 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 993-2 3 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible 8BS EN 993-2:1995 ii BSI 23 July 2004 National foreword This British Standard has been prep
8、ared under the direction of the Refractory Products Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN 993-2:1995, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 2: Determination of true density, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It supersede
9、s BS 1902-3.4:1981 which is withdrawn. EN 993-2 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the UK took an active part. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Bri
10、tish Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicate
11、s when the document was last issued.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 993-2 February 1995 + A1 October 2003 ICS 81.080 Descriptors: Refractory materials, dense shaped refractory products, shaped insulating refractory products, raw materials, tests, determination, density, testing
12、conditions English version Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 2: Determination of true density (including amendment A1:2003) Mthodes dessai pour produits rfractaires faonns denses Partie 2: Dtermination de la masse volumique absolue (inclut lamendement A1:2003) Prfverfahren fr
13、 dichte geformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse Teil 2: Bestimmung der Dichte (enthlt nderung A1:2003) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-02-15; amendment A1 was approved by CEN on 12 September 2003. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate th
14、e conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. The European Standard exists in
15、three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of
16、 Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europis
17、ches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1995 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 993-2:1995 + A1:2003 EEN 993-2:1995 BSI 23 July 2004 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 187, Refractory products and
18、materials, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. It is closely based on the corresponding International Standard ISO 5018 Refractory materials Determination of true density, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Reproducibility and repeatability data are not avail
19、able, but may be given in a subsequent edition. EN 993, Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products consists of 18 parts: Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity; Part 2: Determination of true density; Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refractorie
20、s; Part 4: Determination of permeability to gases; Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength; Part 6: Determination of modulus of rupture at ambient temperature; Part 7: Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperatures; Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-load; Part 9: De
21、termination of creep in compression; Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating; Part 11: Determination of resistance to thermal shock (ENV); Part 12: Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent; Part 13: Specification for pyrometric cones; Part 14: Determination of thermal
22、conductivity (hot wire, cross-array); Part 15: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, parallel); Part 16: Determination of resistance to acids; Part 17: Determination of bulk density of granular material (mercury method); Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular material (water m
23、ethod). This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1995. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regul
24、ations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Foreword to amendment A1 This document EN 993-2:
25、1995/A1:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187, Refractory products and materials, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This Amendment to the European Standard EN 993-2:1995 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endor
26、sement, at the latest by April 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2004. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
27、Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1S c o p e 3 2 Normative reference 3 3 Definitions 3 4P r i n c i p l e
28、 3 5 Apparatus 3 6T e s t m a t e r i a l 4 7 Procedure 4 8 Expression of results 5 9 Test report 6 Annex A (normative) Alternative procedure 7EN 993-2:1995 BSI 23 July 2004 3 1 Scope This part of EN 993 specifies a method for measuring the true density of refractory and raw materials. 2 Normative r
29、eference This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of
30、these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. ISO 565:1990, Test sieves Woven metal wire cloth and perforated plates Nominal sizes of aperture. 3 Definitions
31、For the purposes of this Part of EN 993, the following definitions apply. 3.1 true density the ratio of the mass of a quantity of dried material to its true volume 3.2 true volume the volume of the solid material in a porous body 4 Principle The true density is determined by measuring the dry mass a
32、nd the true volume of a sample of the material after it has been crushed and ground to such a particle size that as far as possible no closed pores remain. The volume of the ground material is determined using a pycnometer and a liquid of known density, the temperature of the liquid being controlled
33、 or carefully measured. Unfired refractory products and basic products may require pretreatment, the conditions of which are agreed between the parties concerned. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Pycnometer, of capacity 25, 50 or 100 ml, fitted with a ground stopper having a capillary bore. 5.2 Balance, with an accu
34、racy of 1m g . NOTE An accuracy of 0,1 mg for the balance is no longer considered a requirement to achieve the reported values. A five-figure balance would be required for this level of accuracy, which is unnecessarily onerous. 5.3 Evacuating equipment, capable of reducing the pressure to a value no
35、t greater than 2 500 Pa, and a means of measuring the pressure used. 5.4 Thermostatically controlled bath, capable of being maintained at a temperature from 2 C to 5 C above the ambient temperature, 0,2 C. NOTE This accuracy of temperature control is necessary because the method is very sensitive to
36、 variations in temperature. Because of the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the vessel and of the liquid, significant errors arise if there are variations in the temperature. 5.5 Test sieve, 63 m aperture, complying with the requirements of ISO 565. 5.6 Drying oven, capable of being co
37、ntrolled at (110 5) C. 5.7 Desiccator.EN 993-2:1995 4 BSI 23 July 2004 6 Test material 6.1 In the case of a shaped refractory product, the number of test pieces to be tested per item (brick, shape, nozzle) shall be agreed between the parties and shall be stated in the test report. The same number of
38、 test pieces shall be taken from each item, in order to facilitate statistical analysis. 6.2 The test material (test piece) shall be crushed and ground to pass completely through the test sieve (see 5.5). NOTE In some materials grinding the sample to pass 63 m will still leave some closed pores. 6.3
39、 Care shall be taken that the crushing and grinding operations do not introduce foreign matter or moisture into the material. 6.4 Before the test, the materials to be tested shall be dried at (110 5) C to constant mass, that is to say until two successive weighings made before and after at least 2 h
40、 in the drying oven (see 5.6) do not differ by more than 0,1 % of the mass of the test material. Before each weighing, the test material shall be placed in the desiccator (see 5.7) until it has cooled to room temperature. 6.5 Care shall be taken during the preparation of basic refractory materials t
41、o prevent any hydration. It is permissible that these materials should be dried at 500 C; if this is done, the fact shall be stated in the test report. 7 Procedure 7.1 Determination of the initial mass of test material (m 1 ) 7.1.1 Clean the empty pycnometer (see 5.1) and ensure that it is perfectly
42、 dry. It is recommended that leather fingers be used to manipulate the pycnometer. Allow it to come to a temperature near to the ambient temperature. 7.1.2 Weigh the cleaned and empty pycnometer with its stopper in position to the nearest 1 mg. 7.1.3 Introduce into the pycnometer a quantity of the d
43、ry test material equal to approximately 1/3 of the volume of the pycnometer. When the pycnometer and its contents have again come to the ambient temperature, weigh it to the nearest 0,000 2 g. The difference in the two weighings is the initial mass of the test material (m 1 ). Annex A gives an alter
44、native procedure which may be used if the test material is difficult to wet with the liquid; use of this procedure shall be reported. 7.2 Determination of the mass of the pycnometer filled with a quantity of the test material and with test liquid (m 2 ) 7.2.1 Add to the pycnometer (weighed in accord
45、ance with 7.1.3) a quantity of deaerated boiled water (see Table 1) or another liquid of known density, so that the pycnometer is filled to 1/2 or 2/3 capacity. Place the pycnometer in a desiccator and expose it to a vacuum (see 5.3) whose pressure is no greater than 2 500 Pa, until no more air bubb
46、les are seen to rise. The pycnometer may be shaken by means of a shaking device mounted in the desiccator, or by some other method, to ensure complete wetting. When a liquid other than water is used, it should not boil under the pressure used. 7.2.2 Fill the pycnometer almost completely with water o
47、r with the other chosen liquid and allow its contents to settle until the supernatant liquid is only slightly cloudy (it is normally sufficient to allow the contents to settle overnight). 7.2.3 Carefully fill the pycnometer, insert the glass stopper and carefully eliminate the liquid that overflows.
48、 Put the pycnometer into the thermostatically controlled bath (see 5.4) and raise its temperature to between 2 C and 5 C above the ambient temperature (this temperature is the temperature of the test to which the whole determination is related). Maintain the temperature constant to within 0,2 C.EN 9
49、93-2:1995 BSI 23 July 2004 5 7.2.4 As the temperature rises, a little liquid will escape from the capillary bore of the stopper. Carefully remove this overflowing liquid by absorbing it with filter paper. The pycnometer has attained the test temperature when no more liquid comes from the capillary bore. Take the pycnometer from the thermostatically controlled bath and take precautions that heat from the hand does not warm the pycnometer and cause any
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