1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 993-3 : 1997 The Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 993-3 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 81.080 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 3. Test methods for carbon-containing refractoriesThis British Standard, having been prepar
3、ed under the direction of the Sector Board for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 September 1997 BSI 1997 ISBN 0 580 28326 7 BS EN 993-3 : 1997 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected National foreword
4、 This British Standard is the English language version of EN 993-3 : 1997. It supersedes BS 1902 : Part 8 : 1988, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee RPI/1, Refractory products and materials, to Subcommittee RPI/1/1, Sampling and physical
5、testing of refractory materials, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developme
6、nts and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue
7、 under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an ins
8、ide front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any
9、form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 993-3 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 993-3 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM May 1997 ICS 81.080.00 Descriptors: Refractory materials, shaped refractories, dense shaped refractory products, components, carbon, tests, det
10、ermination, physical properties, coking, volatile matter, physical tests English version Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refractories Me thodes dessai pour produits re fractaires fac onne s denses Partie 3: Me thodes dessais pour re fra
11、ctaires contenant du carbone Pru fverfahren fu r dichte geformte feuerfeste Erzeugnisse Teil 3: Pru fungen fu r kohlenstoffhaltige Erzeugnisse This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-04-21. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the condi
12、tions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three
13、official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austr
14、ia, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 993-3 : 1997 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 18
15、7, Refractory products and materials, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
16、at the latest by November 1997. It is closely based on the corresponding international standard, ISO 10060 Dense shaped refractory products Test methods for products containing carbon published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Reproducibility and repeatability data are no
17、t available, but may be given in a subsequent edition. EN 993 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products consists of 18 Parts. Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity Part 2: Determination of true density Part 3: Test methods for carbon-containing refract
18、ories Part 4: Determination of permeability to gases Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength Part 6: Determination of modulus rupture at ambient temperatures Part 7: Determination of modulus rupture at elevated temperatures Part 8: Determination of refractoriness-under-load Part 9: Determina
19、tion of creep in compression Part 10: Determination of permanent change in dimensions on heating Part 11: Determination of resistance to thermal shock (ENV) Part 12: Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent Part 13: Specification for pyrometric cones Part 14: Determination of thermal conductivity
20、 (hot wire, cross-array) Part 15: Determination of thermal conductivity (hot wire, parallel) Part 16: Determination of resistance to acids Part 17: Determination of bulk density of granular material (mercury method) Part 18: Determination of bulk density of granular material (water method) According
21、 to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sp
22、ain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Principle 3 5 Test pieces 3 6 Removal of volatile components 4 7 Determination of carbonization properties 4 8 Physical testing 5 9 Test report 6Page 3 EN 993-3 : 1997 BSI 1
23、997 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods for refractory products based on oxides and which contain carbon. The carbon may be added in an elemental form such as graphite, or as carbonaceous materials such as pitch, tar or resin. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorpora
24、tes by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Sta
25、ndard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 993-1 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 1: Determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity. EN 993-4 Methods of
26、 test for dense shaped refractory products Part 4: Determination of permeability to gases. prEN 993-5 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 5: Determination of cold crushing strength EN 993-6 Methods of test for dense shaped refractory products Part 6: Determination of modulus of
27、 rupture at ambient temperature 3 Definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 pitch-bonded or tar-bonded refractory An unfired carbon containing refractory shape which is produced by pressing a mixture of graded aggregate and pitch or tar. 3.2 pitch-b
28、onded or tar-bonded tempered refractory A pitch or tar bonded carbon containing refractory shape which has been heated to a relatively low temperature (up to 800 C). 3.3 resin-bonded refractory An unfired carbon containing refractory shape which has been produced by pressing a mixture of graded aggr
29、egate and resin. 3.4 resin-bonded tempered refractory A resin bonded carbon containing refractory shape which has been heated to a relatively low temperature (up to 800 C). 3.5 pitch-impregnated or tar-impregnated refractory A carbon containing refractory shape that has been impregnated by liquid pi
30、tch or tar after forming. NOTE. Such a shape may be either a fired product, or the refractory shapes defined in 3.1 to 3.4. 3.6 carbonization The process of removing volatile components from test pieces of refractory which has been either bonded or impregnated with carbonaceous materials such as pit
31、ch, tar or resin, so as to retain the residual carbon. 3.7 anti-oxidant Metallic element or other substance added to the shaped products defined in 3.1 to 3.4 in order to improve their resistance to oxidation. 4 Principle Determination of physical properties of products containing carbon, both befor
32、e and after the removal of volatile components by carbonization. 5 Test pieces 5.1 Size Test pieces shall be of the size specified for each individual test method. NOTE. Where irregularly shaped articles are tested, it may not be possible to obtain the appropriate size. In these cases, any variation
33、 of size should maintain a similar test piece volume or geometry; such variations should be reported. 5.2 Preparation Test pieces shall be cut or drilled from the test brick or block, parallel to the direction of pressing. NOTE 1. Materials containing graphite or carbon may exhibit marked anisotropy
34、. For full characterization, samples may additionally be cut to be representative of the three axes at right angles. Where wet cutting saws or drills are used, test pieces shall be dried using either a blast of warm air or a fan-assisted drying oven with free air flow to all surfaces. NOTE 2. Where
35、there is a possibility of softening or evaporation of volatile components, e.g. for pitch-bonded refractories, the temperature should not be greater than 40 C. 5.3 Water sensitive materials Water sensitive material which is to be carbonized shall not be brought into contact with water. Water sensiti
36、ve material which is to be tested at ambient temperature may be prepared wet if it does not remain in contact with water for longer than 30 min, and if during this time no hydration occurs. If these criteria are not met, (e.g. for untempered doloma) the material shall either be machined dry or by us
37、ing a non reacting liquid.Page 4 EN 993-3 : 1997 BSI 1997 6 Removal of volatile components 6.1 General Some carbon-containing refractories, including the types defined in clause 3, contain volatile components. Carbonization is required for the determination of carbonization properties (see clause 7)
38、 and for some further physical testing (see 8.2). 6.2 Apparatus 6.2.1 Furnace, gas or electric fired, capable of containing the carbonization box (see 6.2.3), and having a heat capacity such that when it is maintained at 1000 C, the temperature at the centre of the carbonization box will rise from a
39、mbient temperature to 980 C within 3 h. It is necessary to make sure that the furnace is sufficiently ventilated. 6.2.2 Balance, capable of weighing to within 0,2 g. 6.2.3 Carbonization box and lid, made from heat resisting steel 3 mm thick and suitable for use at 1000 C. The design and minimum dime
40、nsions shall be as shown in figure 1. Either the lid or a side shall contain a central hole allowing a sheathed thermocouple (see 6.2.4) to be inserted. The lid shall also contain a vent hole of diameter 3 mm. In order to avoid oxidation through air draughts, only the vent hole should remain open. N
41、OTE. When there is deformation of the box and the lid, or where an oxidizing furnace atmosphere is used, oxidation of the contents may occur. In such cases it is recommended to seal the box, for instance with air-set mortar or by using a sand seal into which the lid is placed. When using this latter
42、 configuration, a vent hole is not necessary. 6.2.4 Sheathed thermocouple, suitable for measurement to 1000 C 10 C. 6.2.5 Desiccator, containing silica gel, or phosphorus pentoxide. 6.2.6 Metallurgical coke, of grain size 0,5 mm to 2 mm, which shall be prefired in the carbonization box for 2 h at 10
43、00 C 10 C before use, and then stored under dry conditions. 6.3 Preparation of the carbonization box Place a layer of metallurgical coke (see 6.2.6), at least 25 mm in depth, on the bottom of the carbonization box (see 6.2.3). Where required for determination of carbonization properties (see clause
44、7), weigh each test piece to 0,2 g (m 1 ). Place the test pieces on the layer of coke, equidistantly from the sides of the box, in such a way that there is at least 25 mm thickness of coke between the test pieces and the walls of the box (see figures 1a and 1b). Where required, insert blanks of the
45、same size (see 5.2) and of similar chemical composition, to give even spacing within the box. Surround the test pieces with the metallurgical coke, submerging them to a depth of at least 25 mm. Position the lid as shown in figure 1, and insert the thermocouple (see 6.2.4), positioned centrally with
46、respect to the test pieces. 6.4 Carbonization procedure Heat the furnace (see 6.2.1) to 1000 C 10 C and maintain at this temperature for 2 h. Place the carbonization box and contents in the hot furnace, whilst maintaining the furnace at 1000 C 10 C. Note the time at which the temperature shown on th
47、e thermocouple (see 6.2.4) reaches 980 C (see 6.2.1). Maintain the furnace at 1000 C 10 C for 2 h after this time. NOTE. For fine textured products, reproducible results may be obtained only after carbonizing for a longer period, e.g. 5 h. This may be done only by prior agreement between supplier an
48、d customer and this fact reported with the test results. Remove the carbonization box from the hot furnace, allow to cool naturally to 100 C, as shown by the thermocouple (see 6.2.4) and then transfer the test pieces to the desiccator. Cool the test pieces to room temperature, and remove any coke ad
49、hering to the test pieces. If required (see 6.3), weigh each test piece to the nearest 0,2 g (m 2 ), and record this as the carbonized mass. 7 Determination of carbonization properties 7.1 Test pieces Test pieces for the determination of the series of carbonization properties given in 7.2 to 7.4 shall be either cubes of side 50 mm 2 mm, or cylinders of diameter and height 50 mm 2 mm. 7.2 Carbonization mass loss Calculate the percentage carbonization mass loss (m c ) as a percentage of the origin
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