1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14390:2007Fire test Large-scale room reference test for surface productsThe European Standard EN 14390:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.220.50g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g
2、54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14390:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50145 6National forewordThis British Standard was published
3、 by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14390:2007. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee FSH/21, Reaction to fire tests.A list of organizations represented on FSH/21 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include al
4、l the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14390January 2007ICS
5、 13.220.50English VersionFire test - Large-scale room reference test for surface productsEssais au feu - Essai dans une pice en vraie grandeurpour les produits de surfaceBrandverhalten von Bauprodukten - Referenzversuch imRealmastab an Oberflchenprodukten in einem RaumThis European Standard was appr
6、oved by CEN on 13 October 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationals
7、tandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified t
8、o the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Nor
9、way, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form an
10、d by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14390:2007: EEN 14390:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword5 Introduction .6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Principle8 5 Fire test room.8 5.1 Dimensions.8 5.2 Doorway9 5.3 Construction material10 6 Ign
11、ition source .10 6.1 General10 6.2 Location 10 6.3 Gas 10 6.4 Heat output.10 7 Hood and exhaust duct .10 8 Instrumentation in the exhaust duct11 8.1 General11 8.2 Volume flow rate 11 8.3 Gas analysis.11 8.3.1 Sampling line11 8.3.2 Oxygen11 8.3.3 Carbon dioxide.11 8.4 Optical density .11 8.4.1 Genera
12、l11 8.4.2 Lamp .11 8.4.3 Lenses.11 8.4.4 Aperture 12 8.4.5 Detector 12 8.4.6 Location 12 9 System performance .13 9.1 Calibration 13 9.2 System response times.13 9.2.1 Procedure .13 9.2.2 Delay times .13 9.2.3 Response times .13 9.3 Precision.14 9.4 Methanol calibration14 9.4.1 General14 9.4.2 Conta
13、iner 14 9.4.3 Methanol .14 9.4.4 Procedure .14 9.4.5 Requirements for methanol calibration.15 10 Preparation of test specimens .15 10.1 Test specimen configuration15 10.2 Boards.15 EN 14390:2007 (E) 3 10.3 Mounting.15 10.4 Substrates 15 10.5 Paints and varnishes.15 10.6 Conditioning 16 11 Testing16
14、11.1 Initial conditions 16 11.1.1 Ambient temperature 16 11.1.2 Ambient wind speed16 11.1.3 Burner.16 11.1.4 Photographs 16 11.2 Procedure.16 11.2.1 Automated recording of data .16 11.2.2 Adjustments of burner and exhaust flow17 11.2.3 Photographs 17 11.2.4 Observations17 11.2.5 Termination of test
15、17 11.2.6 Damage of tested sample .17 11.2.7 Unusual behaviour 17 12 Test report17 Annex A (normative) Ignition source19 Annex B (informative) Design of exhaust system .20 B.1 General .20 B.2 Hood20 B.3 Duct.20 B.4 Capacity20 B.5 Alternative systems.20 Annex C (informative) Instrumentation in exhaus
16、t duct .23 C.1 Volume flow .23 C.1.1 Bi-directional probe.23 C.1.2 Pressure transducer23 C.1.3 Thermocouple23 C.2 Sampling line .23 C.2.1 Sampling probe .23 C.2.2 Sampling line .23 C.2.3 Pump.24 C.2.4 Sampling line end24 C.2.5 Specifications 24 C.3 Combustion gas analysis .24 C.3.1 General .24 C.3.2
17、 Oxygen concentration.24 C.3.3 Carbon dioxide concentration .24 C.4 Optical density.25 C.4.1 General .25 C.4.2 Calibration25 Annex D (normative) Calculation 30 D.1 Volume flow .30 D.2 Generated heat effect, calibration and tests process31 D.2.1 Heat release rate from the ignition source .31 D.2.2 He
18、at release rate from the product31 D.2.3 Calculation of total heat release 32 D.2.4 Limitations .33 D.3 Combustion gases 33 D.4 Light obscuration 34 D.4.1 General .34 D.4.2 Calculation of SPRsmooth .35 D.4.3 Calculation of TSP.35 EN 14390:2007 (E) 4 D.5 Calculation of FIGRARCand SMOGRARC.36 D.5.1 Ti
19、me to flashover .36 D.5.2 Calculation of FIGRARC, FIre Growth RAte index .36 D.5.3 Calculation of SMOGRARC, SMOke Growth RAte index.37 Annex E (informative) Calculation examples .38 E.1 General38 E.2 Example number 1.38 E.3 Example number 2.38 Bibliography 43 EN 14390:2007 (E) 5 Foreword This docume
20、nt (EN 14390:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 “Fire safety in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 200
21、7, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Es
22、tonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14390:2007 (E) 6 Introduction This method is intended to describe the
23、 fire behaviour of a product under controlled laboratory conditions. The test method may be used as part of a fire hazard assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a product in a particular end use. WARNING So that suitable prec
24、autions can be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all concerned in fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases can be evolved during combustion of test specimens. The test procedures involve high temperatures and combustion processes from ignition to a fully developed
25、 room fire. Therefore, hazards can exist for burns, ignition of extraneous objects or clothing. The operators should use protective clothing, helmet, face-shield and equipment for avoiding exposure to toxic gases. Means of extinguishing a fully developed fire should be available. EN 14390:2007 (E) 7
26、 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method to evaluate the reaction to fire performance of building products. A fire is simulated which under well-ventilated conditions starts in a corner of a small room with a single open doorway. The method is intended to evaluate the contribution of
27、a surface product to fire growth in a room configuration, using a specified ignition source. It constitutes a reference test for this type of product within the European classification system for reaction to fire performance of construction products. The method is particularly suitable for construct
28、ion products which cannot be tested in their end use application in a small or intermediate laboratory scale. The method can also be used to assess the effect of an insulating substrate on the product performance. A test performed in accordance with the method specified in this European Standard pro
29、vides data for the early stages of a fire from ignition up to flashover. The method is not intended to evaluate floor coverings. It may not be suitable for some free-standing products because their integrity, when exposed to fire, could have a decisive influence on their behaviour. NOTE The term “su
30、rface product” as used in the title and scope of this European Standard specifically relates to internal surface linings, assemblies, pipes and pipe insulation products used in buildings. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document
31、. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products Conditioning procedures and general rules for selection of substrates EN 13501-1:20
32、02, Fire classification of construction products and building elements Part 1: Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests EN ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2000) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 13
33、943:2000 and the following apply. 3.1 exposed surface surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions of the test 3.2 material single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture EXAMPLE metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral fibre or polymers EN 14390:2007 (E) 8 3.3 product material, compos
34、ite or assembly about which information is required 3.4 test specimen representative piece of the product which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatment NOTE The test specimen may include an air gap. 3.5 surface product any part of a building that constitutes an exposed surface on th
35、e interior walls and/or the ceiling 3.6 flashover point in the fire history when the sum of the rate of heat release from the ignition source and the product reaches 1 000 kW 3.7 FIGRARCFIre Growth RAte growth rate of the fire during a specified time period 3.8 SMOGRARCSMOke Growth RAte growth rate
36、of the production of smoke during a specified time period 3.9 burning droplets continuous occurrence of flaming droplets/particles from the test specimen for at least 10 s or a pool fire formed on the floor 4 Principle The hazard of fire growth is evaluated in a fire test room by the measurement of
37、the rate of heat release of the fire based on calculation of oxygen consumption. See also Annex B. The hazard of reduced visibility is estimated by the measurement of the production of light-obscuring smoke. Phenomena attributed to the fire growth, for example flame spread and emission of burning dr
38、oplets, are visually documented by photographic and/or video recording. NOTE If further information is required, measurements for example of heat flux to the floor, toxic gas species, the gas temperature in the room and the mass flow in and out the doorway may be performed, see also ISO/TR 9705-2:20
39、01 (Bibliography 2). 5 Fire test room 5.1 Dimensions The room (see Figure 1) shall consist of four walls at right angles, a floor and a ceiling and shall have the following inner dimensions: EN 14390:2007 (E) 9 a) length: (3,6 0,05) m; b) width: (2,4 0,05) m; c) height: (2,4 0,05) m. Dimensions in m
40、etres Key 1 front view 2 top view Figure 1 Fire test room The room shall be placed indoors in an essentially draught free, heated space, large enough to ensure that there is no influence on the test fire. In order to facilitate the mounting of the instruments and of the ignition source, the test roo
41、m may be placed so that the floor can be accessed from beneath. 5.2 Doorway There shall be a doorway in the centre of one of the 2,4 m 2,4 m walls and no other wall, floor or ceiling shall have any openings that allow ventilation. The doorway shall have the following dimensions: a) width: 0,8 m 0,02
42、 m; b) height: 2,0 m 0,02 m. The distance between the top of the doorway and the ceiling shall be (0,4 0,02) m. EN 14390:2007 (E) 10 5.3 Construction material The test room shall be constructed of Class A1 material according to EN 13501-1:2002, with a density of (600 200) kg/m3. The minimum thicknes
43、s of the construction shall be 20 mm. 6 Ignition source 6.1 General The ignition source design is specified in Annex A. The ignition source shall be a propane gas burner having a top surface layer of sand. The construction shall be such that an even gas flow is achieved over the entire opening area.
44、 The ignition source is a propane gas burner that consumes relatively large amounts of gas. Attention is therefore drawn to the following warning. All equipment such as tubes, couplings and flowmeters, should be approved for propane. The installations should be performed in accordance with existing
45、regulations. The burner should, for reasons of safety, be equipped with a remote-controlled ignition device, for example a pilot flame or a glow wire. There should be a warning system for leaking gas and a valve for immediate and automatic cut-off of the gas supply in case of extinction of the ignit
46、ion flame. 6.2 Location The burner shall be placed on the floor in a corner opposite to the doorway wall. The top of the burner shall be 145 mm from the floor level. The burner walls shall be in contact with the test specimen. 6.3 Gas The burner shall be supplied with commercial grade propane of at
47、least 95 % purity. The gas flow to the burner shall be measured with an accuracy of at least 3 %. 6.4 Heat output The net heat output shall be 100 kW during the first 10 min after ignition and then shall be increased to 300 kW for a further 10 min. The heat output from the burner shall be controlled
48、 within 5 % of the prescribed value. 7 Hood and exhaust duct The system for collecting the combustion products shall have sufficient capacity and be designed in such a way that all of the combustion products leaving the fire room through the doorway during a test are collected. The system shall not
49、disturb the fire-induced flow in the doorway. The maximum exhaust capacity shall be at least 3,5 m3/s at normal pressure and a temperature of 25 C. Exhaust systems based on natural convection shall not be used. NOTE An example of one design of hood and an exhaust duct is given in Annex B. EN 14390:2007 (E) 11 8 Instrumentation in the exhaust duct 8.1 General This clause specifies minimum requirements for instrumentation in the exhaust duct. Additional information and designs can be found in Annex C. 8.2 Volume flow rate The volume flow rate in the
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