1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14474:2004 Precast concrete products Concrete with wood-chips as aggregate Requirements and test methods The European Standard EN 14474:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.30 BS EN 14474:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Stand
2、ards Policy and Strategy Committee on 8 February 2005 BSI 8 February 2005 ISBN 0 580 45415 0 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14474:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/524, Precast concrete product
3、s, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under th
4、e section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applicat
5、ion. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monit
6、or related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 13 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last
7、 issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14474 December2004 ICS91.100.30 Englishversion PrecastconcreteproductsConcretewithwoodchipsas aggregateRequirementsandtestmethods ProduitsprfabriqusenbtonBtonutilisantdes copeauxdebois
8、commegranulatExigencesetmthodes dessai BetonfertigteileHolzspanbetonAnforderungenund Prfverfahren ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon15November2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandar
9、dwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibil
10、ityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Net
11、herlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2004CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved world
12、wideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14474:2004:EEN 14474:2004 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Requirements.5 5 Tests6 6 Evaluation of conformity.8 Annex A (normative) Determination of frost-resistance or frost-resistance in the presence o
13、f de- icing salts .10 Bibliography 13 EN 14474:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14474:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either
14、 by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2005. NOTE The term: “Concrete with wood-chips as aggregate“ is hereinafter referred to as: “wood-chip concrete“. This document gives genera
15、l requirements for wood-chip concrete products. Product standards may adopt these requirements, when appropriate to the product or the application. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European
16、Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14474:2004 (E)
17、4 1 Scope This document specifies common requirements for wood-chip concrete, used in precast wood-chip concrete products. It is intended to be used when preparing documents for wood-chip concrete products. Wood-chip concrete product standards will define specific requirements, which may be addition
18、al to those given in this document. Product standards will give any limiting values. Examples for the use of wood-chip concrete are: hollow blocks for flooring systems, shuttering blocks, slabs, facing elements, acoustic and/or thermal facing elements, partitioning elements, wine racks, etc. It is n
19、ot applicable to concrete for structural masonry units covered by EN 771-3 and their ancillary components. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, t
20、he latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 772-11, Methods of test for masonry units - Part 11: Determination of water absorption of aggregate concrete, manufactured stone and natural stone masonry units due to capillary action and the initial rate of water a
21、bsorption of clay masonry units EN 772-14, Methods of test for masonry units - Part 14: Determination of moisture movement of aggregate concrete and manufactured stone masonry units EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens EN 12390-5, Testing hardened conc
22、rete Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens EN 12664, Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Dry and moist products of medium and low thermal resistance EN 12779:2004, Safety of woo
23、dworking machines Chip and dust extraction systems with fixed installation Safety related performances and safety requirements EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests EN 13823, Reaction to fir
24、e tests for building products Building products excluding floorings exposed to the thermal attack by a single burning item EN ISO 354, Acoustics - Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room (ISO 354:2003) EN ISO 10456, Building materials and products - Procedures for determining declare
25、d and design thermal values (ISO 10456:1999) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 wood-chip concrete open structure concrete with 50% to 90% by volume (according to use) of the aggregate being wood-chips EN 14474:2004 (E) 5 3.2 woo
26、d-chip aggregates as defined in EN 12779:2004, 3.1.3 4 Requirements 4.1 Materials The specifications of the materials to be used shall be included in the production control documentation (see 6.3). If appropriate documents are available, they shall be used except that aggregates need not comply with
27、 grading requirements. If not available, the manufacturer shall specify the materials and have data on their suitability. 4.2 Properties of wood-chip concrete 4.2.1 General The main properties of wood-chip concrete are defined below. Product standards may identify additional properties. 4.2.2 Densit
28、y The oven-dry density shall be between 450 kg/m 3and 1 200 kg/m 3according to use. The design value of dry density shall be given and determined according to 5.2. The mean oven-dry density of wood-chip concrete shall not deviate by more than 10 % from the declared value. Individual values of oven-
29、dry density shall not deviate by more than 15 % from the declared value. 4.2.3 Strength When required, flexural and/or compressive strength shall be determined according to 5.3. 4.2.4 Thermal conductivity When required, thermal conductivity () shall be given as a design value and determined accordin
30、g to 5.4. 4.2.5 Sound absorption When required, the sound-absorption coefficient shall be given and determined according to 5.5. 4.2.6 Frost-resistance When required, the frost-resistance or the frost-resistance in the presence of de-icing salts of unprotected wood-chip concrete shall be declared on
31、 the basis of long-term experience or testing. Tests shall be carried out according to 5.6. Loss of mass shall be not more than 10 % and shall not affect more than 5 mm depth. 4.2.7 Reaction to fire When required, reaction to fire shall be given and determined according to 5.7. EN 14474:2004 (E) 6 4
32、.2.8 Shrinkage and expansion When required, shrinkage and expansion of wood-chip concrete shall be given and determined according to 5.8. 4.2.9 Water absorption When required, water absorption by capillarity shall be given and determined according to 5.9. 5 Tests 5.1 Test specimens 5.1.1 General The
33、 properties of wood-chip concrete may be tested on specimens either cast from product mixes or cut from products. Methods of preparing test specimens cut from products shall be as given in test standards or as specified in product standards. Test specimens cut from products shall have a minimum volu
34、me of 3 000 10 3mm 3 . 5.1.2 Dimensions of cast test specimens Test specimens with the dimensions 800 ( 5) mm x 150 ( 5) mm x 150 ( 5) mm shall be produced from the product mix of the current production for tests according to 5.2, 5.3, 5.6 and 5.9. Subsequently, test cubes with the minimum dimension
35、s 150 ( 5) mm x 150 ( 5) mm x 150 ( 5) mm may be cut from the initial test specimens. Test specimens cut from products may also be used. 5.1.3 Mould for cast test specimens Steel mould (see Figure 1) with minimum dimensions of 800 ( 5) mm x 150 ( 5) mm x 150 ( 5) mm, equipped with a filling frame of
36、 minimum height h c 40 mm and a tamper for compacting the specimens to the required height and density. EN 14474:2004 (E) 7 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Tamper 2 Filling frame 3 Steel mould Figure 1 Schematic diagram 5.1.4 Mould filling and compacting Care shall be taken to ensure consistency of
37、filling and compaction. The mould shall be filled with fresh product mix and the top struck off with a steel rule to produce a level surface. The mixture shall then be compacted manually and/or mechanically. The appropriate filling frame height h c /density relationship shall be established by type
38、tests. After 24 h the load and the tamper shall be removed, the test specimen demoulded, weighed, labelled with the production date and filling direction and stored for a reference period of 28 days (7 days in humid conditions followed by 21 days dry storage). Storage in ambient conditions may be us
39、ed, provided a good correlation is established with above conditions. The dry storage period may be reduced if proof of a good correlation can be established between the characteristics measured for the reduced period compared to the characteristics after 28 days. 5.1.5 Preparation and storage of te
40、st cubes If required, the test specimens may be cut into cubes after the storage period. The cubes shall also be labelled with the production date and filling direction and shall be dry stored until the testing date. 5.2 Dry density The oven-dry density of the wood-chip concrete shall be established
41、 using test specimens prepared according to 5.1 dried to constant mass at a temperature of (+105 2) C. EN 14474:2004 (E) 8 Constant mass is considered to be reached when the results of two successive weighing operations, carried out at an interval of 24 h, do not differ by more than 0,5 % of the mas
42、s of the test specimens. Specimens shall be measured to the nearest millimetre and weighed to an accuracy of 1 gram. The density shall be calculated to the nearest 10 kg/m 3 . Density shall be established as the mean value of 3 test specimens. 5.3 Strength Flexural strength shall be tested according
43、 to EN 12390-5 and compressive strength according to EN 12390-3 on test specimens prepared as described in 5.1. 5.4 Thermal conductivity Thermal conductivity shall be determined according to EN 12664. Design values of thermal conductivity shall be obtained by converting measured values according to
44、EN ISO 10456. 5.5 Sound absorption Sound absorption shall be determined according to EN ISO 354. 5.6 Frost-resistance Frost resistance or frost resistance in the presence of de-icing salts shall be determined according to Annex A on 3 specimens prepared as described in 5.1. 5.7 Reaction to fire Reac
45、tion to fire shall be tested according to EN 13823 and classified in accordance with EN 13501-1. 5.8 Shrinkage and expansion Shrinkage and expansion shall be determined according to EN 772-14. 5.9 Water absorption Water absorption by capillarity shall be determined according to EN 772-11. 6 Evaluati
46、on of conformity 6.1 General Evaluation of conformity requirements shall be given in product standards. Compliance with the requirements of this document and with the declared values of properties shall be demonstrated by carrying out both: initial type testing of wood-chip concrete; factory product
47、ion control. EN 14474:2004 (E) 9 6.2 Initial type tests Initial type testing shall be carried out before a new type of material is put on the market. When a new type of wood-chip concrete or a new production method is developed, initial type tests shall be carried out to confirm that the achieved pr
48、operties meet the requirements of this document and the values to be declared for it. Whenever a major change occurs in raw materials, mix design or the production process which would change the properties of the wood-chip concrete, the appropriate initial type tests shall be repeated. The type tests shall be the reference tests described in this document or in the relevant product standard consistent with the producers declaration for the intended use. Test methods shall be given in product standards. The result of the initial tests s
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