1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14500:2008Blinds and shutters Thermal and visual comfort Test and calculation methodsICS 91.060.50g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44
2、g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14500:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 54050 9National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14500:2008.The UK participation in its prepar
3、ation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/538, Doors, windows, shutters, hardware and curtain walling, to Subcommittee B/538/3, Domestic shutters and blinds.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to inclu
4、de all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14500May 2008
5、ICS 91.060.50English VersionBlinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test andcalculation methodsFermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux -Mthodes dessai et de calculAbschlsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Prf- undBerechnungsverfahrenThis European Standard was approved b
6、y CEN on 11 April 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards
7、 may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
8、CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherland
9、s, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any f
10、orm and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14500:2008: EEN 14500:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Notations used.10 4.1 General 10 4.2 Visual or solar properties .10 4.3 Geometry of the
11、 radiation 10 4.4 Optical factors11 5 Test and calculation methods to be used according to product - Guidelines 12 5.1 General 12 5.2 Venetian blinds 12 5.3 Roller blinds .13 5.4 Pleated blinds 13 5.5 Projecting awnings.14 5.6 Vertical blinds.14 5.7 Shutters14 6 Measurement set-up14 6.1 Measurement
12、principles.14 6.1.1 Spectral and integral characteristics14 6.1.2 Absolute and relative methods (according to CIE 130) .15 6.2 Measuring equipment 15 6.2.1 General 15 6.2.2 Equipment for irradiation15 6.2.3 Equipment for detection.17 6.2.4 Reference samples20 6.3 Test samples20 6.3.1 General 20 6.3.
13、2 Thick translucent samples .20 7 Measurement procedure .21 7.1 General 21 7.2 Test method A Single beam instrument (substitution method).21 7.2.1 General 21 7.2.2 Test apparatus for the substitution method .21 7.2.3 Direct-hemispherical transmittance mode .22 7.2.4 Direct-hemispherical reflectance
14、mode .25 7.2.5 Diffuse-hemispherical transmittance mode .28 7.3 Test method B Double beam spectrophotometer (comparison method)28 7.3.1 General 28 7.3.2 Spectral direct-hemispherical transmittance mode .29 7.3.3 Spectral direct-diffuse transmittance mode .30 7.3.4 Direct-hemispherical reflectance mo
15、de .31 7.4 Determination of n-h and n-h.35 7.5 Determination of n-n.35 7.5.1 General 35 7.5.2 Measurement of n-n.35 7.5.3 Determination of n-nfrom the measurement of n-dif36 BS EN 14500:2008EN 14500:2008 (E) 3 7.6 Determination of dif-h.36 7.6.1 General36 7.6.2 Measurement.36 7.6.3 Calculation.36 7.
16、7 Determination of opacity characteristics for dim-out and black out fabrics or products37 7.7.1 General37 7.7.2 Samples.38 7.7.3 Test equipment38 7.7.4 Test procedure 39 7.7.5 Lighting using natural light.40 8 Additional calculation methods for transmittance and reflectance of products40 8.1 Genera
17、l40 8.2 Venetian blinds 40 8.2.1 General40 8.2.2 Ordinary venetian blind with incomplete closure, normal incidence .41 8.2.3 Ordinary venetian blind with slats tilted at 45, 45 solar altitude, 0 azimuth 41 8.2.4 Ordinary venetian blind with slats in “Cut-Off” position, 30 solar altitude, 0 azimuth.4
18、1 8.2.5 Ordinary venetian blind with slats in horizontal position, 60 solar altitude, 0 azimuth .42 8.3 Vertical blinds 42 8.4 Shutters .42 9 Test report43 Annex A (informative) Examples of test equipment for opacity characteristics determination.44 A.1 General44 A.2 Example 144 A.3 Example 245 Anne
19、x B (informative) Determination of openness coefficient 47 B.1 Method for fabrics made from opaque material 47 B.2 Method for venetian blinds 47 Annex C (informative) Determination of infrared properties 48 C.1 General48 C.2 Determination 48 C.2.1 IR properties of transparent materials.48 C.2.2 IR p
20、roperties in the case of holes in an opaque layer.49 C.2.3 IR properties of venetian blinds.49 Annex D (informative) Approach in case of projecting solar protection devices 51 D.1 General51 D.2 Detailed model.51 D.2.1 Reduction factor of direct radiation .52 D.2.2 Reduction factor for diffuse and re
21、flected radiation 52 D.3 Simplified approach for summer52 D.4 Examples of calculation.53 D.4.1 General53 D.4.2 Mean values of x for summer54 D.4.3 Calculations.54 BS EN 14500:2008EN 14500:2008 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14500:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors, win
22、dows, shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2008, and conflicting national standards
23、 shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Inter
24、nal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mal
25、ta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14500:2008EN 14500:2008 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard is part of a series of standards dealing with blinds and shutters for buildings as defined in EN 12216. T
26、his European Standard is mainly based on the European work performed in CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components“ relating to solar and light transmittance of solar protection devices combined with glazing, and the document CIE 130. BS EN 14500:2008EN 14500:2008 (E) 6 1 Sc
27、ope This European Standard defines test and calculation methods for the determination of the reflection and transmission characteristics to be used to determine the thermal and visual comfort performance classes of external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501. This Europea
28、n Standard also specifies the method to determine opacity characteristics of dim-out/black-out external blinds, internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501. This European Standard applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described as solar protection
29、 devices in this European Standard. Some of the characteristics (e.g. gtot) are not applicable when products are not parallel to the glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings). NOTE Informative Annex D presents an approach for the determination of characteristics in case of projectable products. Products us
30、ing fluorescent or retroreflecting materials are outside the scope of this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edi
31、tion of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CIE 130:1998, Practical methods for the measurement of reflectance and transmittance EN 410, Glass in building Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing EN 12216:2002, Shutters, external blinds, internal blinds
32、Terminology, glossary and definitions EN 13363-1, Solar protection devices combined with glazing Calculation of solar and light transmittance Part 1: Simplified method EN 13363-2:2005, Solar protection devices combined with glazing Calculation of total solar energy transmittance and light transmitta
33、nce Part 2: Detailed calculation method EN 14501:2005, Blinds and Shutters Thermal and visual comfort Performance characteristics and classification 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12216:2002, EN 14501:2005 and the following apply. 3.1
34、 Processes 3.1.1 reflection process by which radiation is returned by a surface or medium, without change of frequency of its monochromatic components BS EN 14500:2008EN 14500:2008 (E) 7 The following sub-processes are defined herewith: Specular (or directional or regular) reflection: reflection in
35、accordance with the laws of geometrical optics, without diffusion Diffuse reflection: reflection due to light scattering, in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no specular reflection Direct-hemispherical (or mixed) reflection: partly specular and partly diffuse reflection. Direct-hemispherica
36、l reflection is the sum of the diffuse and specular reflection Isotropic diffuse reflection: diffuse reflection in which the spatial distribution of the reflected radiation is such that the radiance or luminance is the same in all directions in the hemisphere into which the radiation is reflected 3.
37、1.2 transmission passage of radiation through a medium without change of frequency of its monochromatic components The following sub-processes are defined herewith: Directional (or direct-direct) transmission: transmission in accordance with the laws of geometrical optics, without diffusion or redir
38、ection Diffuse transmission: transmission due to light scattering, in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no direct transmission Direct-hemispherical (or mixed or total) transmission: partly directional and partly diffuse transmission. The direct-hemispherical transmission is the sum of the di
39、ffuse and direct transmission Isotropic diffuse transmission: diffuse transmission in which the spatial distribution of the transmitted radiation is such that the radiance or luminance is the same in all directions in the hemisphere into which the radiation is transmitted 3.1.3 absorption process by
40、 which radiant energy is converted to a different form of energy (e.g. heat) by interaction with matter BS EN 14500:2008EN 14500:2008 (E) 8 3.2 Characteristics 3.2.1 reflectance ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux The following sub-characteristics are defined: Directional-directional (o
41、r direct-direct) reflectance: ratio of the specularly reflected flux to the directional incident flux Directional-diffuse reflectance: ratio of the diffusely reflected flux to the directional incident flux Directional-hemispherical (or total) reflectance: ratio of the total reflected flux to the dir
42、ectional incident flux Diffuse-hemispherical reflectance: ratio of the total reflected flux to the ideally diffuse incident flux. Ideally diffuse irradiation means that the radiance or the luminance is equal for the whole hemisphere of the incident irradiation 3.2.2 transmittance ratio of the transm
43、itted flux to the incident flux The following sub-characteristics are defined: Directional-directional transmittance: ratio of the directly transmitted flux to the directional incident flux Directional-diffuse transmittance: ratio of the diffusely transmitted flux to the directional incident flux Di
44、rectional-hemispherical transmittance: ratio of the total transmitted flux to the directional incident flux Diffuse-hemispherical transmittance: ratio of the total transmitted flux to the ideally diffuse incident flux. Ideally diffuse irradiation means that the radiance or the luminance is equal for
45、 the whole hemisphere of the incident irradiation 3.2.3 absorptance ratio of the absorbed flux to the incident flux 3.3 Angle definitions 3.3.1 General All the following angles are defined in a coordinate system which is fixed relative to the orientation of the solar protection device 3.3.2 angle of
46、 incidence angle between the normal to the plane of the solar protection device and the direction of the incident radiation (see Figure 1) BS EN 14500:2008EN 14500:2008 (E) 9 3.3.3 altitude angle sprojection of the angle of incidence on the vertical plane which contains the direction of the incident
47、 radiation (see Figure 1) 3.3.4 azimuth angle projection of the angle of incidence on a plane which is normal to the plane of the solar protection device. The intersection of this projection plane and the plane of the solar protection device is horizontal (see Figure 1) 3.3.5 profile angle pprojecti
48、on of the altitude angle on a vertical plane which is perpendicular to the faade under consideration (see Figure 1). The profile angle is given by the following formula: tg p= tg / cos Key 1 Direction of the incident radiation 2 Vertical plane normal to the solar protection device 3 Projected direct
49、ion of the incident radiation 4 Direction normal to the solar protection device 5 Altitude angle (angle in the vertical plane) 6 Azimuth angle (angle in the horizontal plane) 7 Profile angle 8 Angle of incidence 9 Solar protection device Figure 1 Angle definitions BS EN 14500:2008EN 14500:2008 (E) 10 4 Notations used 4.1 General For the purpose of this document, the optical factors (transmittance), (reflectance) and (absorptance) are labelled with subscripts which indicate: The visu
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