1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14704-1:2005IncorporatingCorrigendum No. 1Determination of the elasticity of fabrics Part 1: Strip testsThe European Standard EN 14704-1:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 59.080.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g
2、44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14704-1:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 October 2005 BSI 17 March 2006ISBN 0 580 46746 5National for
3、ewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14704-1:2005. It supersedes BS 4952:1992 Method of test for elastic fabrics, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/24, Physical testing of textiles, which has the r
4、esponsibility to:A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “I
5、nternational Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a
6、British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international an
7、d European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.
8、Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments16210 Corrigendum No. 1March 2006 Addition of supersession detailsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14704-1April 2005ICS 59.080.30English versionDetermination of the elasticity of fabrics - Part 1: Strip testsDtermination de ll
9、asticit des toffes - Partie 1: Essaissur bandeBestimmung der Elastizitt von textilen Flchengebilden -Teil 1: StreifenprfungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 March 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
10、this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (E
11、nglish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Cz
12、ech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORM
13、ALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14704-1:2005: EEN 14704-1:2005 (E) 2ContentsPage Foreword31 Scope 42 Normative referen
14、ces 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle65 Sampling.66 Apparatus .67 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing .78 Preparation of test specimens .78.1 General78.2 Test specimen preparation.88.2.1 Woven fabrics 88.2.2 Knitted fabrics88.2.3 Non-woven fabrics.99 Procedure .109.1.1 Method A - Strip test
15、 specimens109.1.2 Method B - Looped test specimens .109.2 Knitted fabrics109.2.1 Method A - Strip test specimens109.2.2 Method B - Looped test specimens .119.3 Operation 1110 Recording .1211 Expressions and calculations of test results .1212 Test report 14Annex A (informative) Example of a typical c
16、ycling graph .15Annex B (informative) Procedure for sampling16Annex C (informative) Clamping and holding devices 17Annex D (informative) Example of a pattern for cutting test specimens from a laboratory sample 20EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 3Foreword This document (EN 14704-1:2005) has been prepared by Techn
17、ical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2005, and conflicting national standards
18、 shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2005. The reasons for the development of this document are because of technical advancements in yarn and fabric structures and properties, which increase product range and developments. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national stand
19、ards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sl
20、ovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 41 Scope This document describes the methods of test using strips of fabric in straight strip form or as loops, which can be used to measure elasticity and related properties of fabrics, excluding narrow fabrics. 2
21、Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 139, Textiles - Stand
22、ard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 139:2005).EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004).EN ISO 10012:2003, Measurement mana
23、gement systems - Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment (ISO 10012:2003).ISO 4915, Textiles Stitch types Classification and terminology.3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1narrow fabric woven or knitted cons
24、truction intended for use as a trim, binding, edging, strapping or harness, and designed to be used in its full width 3.2elasticity property of a material by virtue of which it tends to recover its original size and shape immediately after the removal of the force causing deformation 3.3constant-rat
25、e-of-extension (CRE) testing machine tensile testing machine provided with one clamp, which is stationary, and another clamp, which moves with a constant speed throughout the test, the entire testing system being virtually free from deflection 3.4strip test specimen test specimen in which the full w
26、idth is gripped in the jaws of the testing machine 3.5loop test specimen test specimen in which a seam is made to create a loop of the full width of the specimen and which is placed around a loop bar assembly positioned on the testing machine NOTE This method of preparation is useful when any ageing
27、 or exposure testing is to be carried out on the specimens after measurement. EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 53.6gauge length distance between the two effective clamping or holding points of a testing device a) For strip tests, method A: distance between the two contact points of the line clamps b) For loop te
28、sts, method B: half of the circumference around the loop bar assembly 3.7slack mounting insertion of a strip test specimen in the line clamps of the upper jaw, allowing it to hang freely under its own weight, guided by the hand to ensure perpendicular alignment to the line of pulling force, without
29、any force being applied 3.8initial length length of the test specimen between the two effective clamping or holding points, before testing 3.9extension increase in length of a test specimen produced by a force as a result of testing, expressed in units of length, millimetres 3.10elongation ratio of
30、the extension of the test specimen to its initial length, expressed as a percentage 3.11maximum force force recorded in newtons at the position when a test specimen is taken to a fixed extension 3.12maximum extension extension recorded in millimetres at the position when a test specimen is taken to
31、a fixed load 3.13modulus force measured at a given elongation on either the load or unload curves 3.14cycle process whereby a fabric is taken from the gauge length to a fixed load or fixed extension or elongation and returned to gauge length 3.15force decay due to time loss of force measured over ti
32、me when a test specimen is stretched to a specified elongation or force and held at this position for a given time period NOTE The decay in force is expressed as a percentage of the original force recorded at the specified position (see Annex A).3.16force decay due to exercising loss of force, calcu
33、lated and expressed as a percentage, as measured and recorded at the same elongation point on two different cycles when the test specimen is cycled several times between zero and a specified elongation (see Annex A) EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 63.17un-recovered elongation ratio of un-recovered extension of
34、the test specimen after cycling, to a specified force or extension, to its initial length, expressed as a percentage 3.18recovered elongation un-recovered elongation, expressed as a percentage, subtracted from 100 % 3.19elastic recovery recovered elongation expressed as a percentage of the total elo
35、ngation 4 Principle A fabric test specimen of specified dimensions is extended at a constant rate to either a specified force or elongation for an agreed number of cycles, and its elasticity determined by measuring certain characteristics. 5 Sampling Fabric samples shall be selected in accordance wi
36、th the product specification. In the absence of a product specification for the fabric the sampling method given in Annex B may be used. 6 Apparatus 6.1 CRE testing machineMetrological confirmation system of the tensile testing machine shall be in accordance with EN ISO 10012. The constant-rate-of-e
37、xtension testing machine shall conform to the following. a) The tensile testing machine shall be provided with the means for indicating or recording the force and elongation values when cycling between gauge length and either a fixed load or fixed extension. Under conditions of use, the accuracy of
38、the apparatus shall be at least class 1 of EN ISO 7500-1. The error of the indicated or recorded maximum force at any point in the range in which the machine is used shall not exceed 1 %, and the error of the indicated or recorded jaw separation shall not exceed 1 mm. b) If recording of force or elo
39、ngation is obtained by means of data acquisition boards and software, the frequency of data collection shall be at least eight per second. c) The machine shall be capable of constant rates of extension including 20 mm to 500 mm per min with an accuracy of 10 %. d) The machine shall be capable of var
40、iable gauge length settings including 100 mm to 250 mm, to an accuracy of 1 mm. e) The clamping or holding devices shall be positioned with the centre in line with the applied force. The machine shall be calibrated with the grips in position and the jaw faces closed, where applicable. The jaws shall
41、 be capable of holding the test specimen without allowing it to slip and designed so that they do not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen. EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 7Line clamps (for method A) Line clamps, as shown in Figure C.1, shall consist of two jaws, one being of steel plate, the other having
42、a convex 3 mm radius. The line of contact of the jaws shall be perpendicular to the line of increasing force, the clamping faces shall be in the same plane. The line clamp jaws shall not be less than the width of the test specimen and preferable have a width of (70 6) mm. NOTE 1 Significant levels o
43、f work have shown this type of line clamp is the preferred type for elastane / elastodiene containing fabrics as fabric slippage is eliminated. If a fabric slips the elongation values are inaccurate. NOTE 2 Pneumatic operated grips are recommended as hand tightening of manual grips can cause distort
44、ion of the test specimen. The air pressure should be sufficient to prevent slippage but should not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen. Loop bar assembly (for method B) The loop bar assembly shall be as shown Figures C.2a or C.2b and is typically comprised of two steel bars of circular cross-s
45、ection and the diameter between 4 mm and 8 mm. The specimen is looped over these bars and extended as the bars move apart. The axes of the bars shall be perpendicular to the line of increasing force. The steel bar holders shall have a minimum internal dimension of 80 mm. 6.2 Equipment for cutting te
46、st specimens and for fraying, where applicable to the required dimensions. 6.3 Sewing machine capable of producing a type 301 lockstitch as defined in ISO 4915, furnished with a medium ballpoint needle (90s SUK) and 470 decitex (ticket 75s) polyester core-spun thread. NOTE If there is a risk of dama
47、ge to the fabric a finer needle and corresponding polyester core spun thread can be used. 6.4 Calibrated metal rule graduated in millimetres. 7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing The atmospheres for preconditioning, conditioning and testing shall be as specified in EN ISO 139 The fabric samples
48、 shall be conditioned for a minimum of 20 h in a tension free state. The prepared specimens shall be conditioned in a tension free state for a further 4 h after preparation, to minimise the effects of handling during preparation. 8 Preparation of test specimens 8.1 General From each laboratory sampl
49、e a set of test specimens shall be cut in the direction(s) of the stretch. A set shall consist of a minimum of five test specimens. In accordance with Annex D, no test specimens shall be cut from within 150 mm of either edge of the laboratory sample. No test specimen taken from the warp direction shall contain the same ends and no test specimen taken from the weft direction shall contain the same picks. EN 14704-1:2005 (E) 88.2 Test specimen preparation 8.2.1 Woven fabrics 8.2.1.1 Strip test specimens (for method A) Each test specimen shall be cut with
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