1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14789:2005Stationary source emissions Determination of volume concentration of oxygen (O2) Reference method ParamagnetismThe European Standard EN 14789:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.040.40g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g
2、53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS
3、 EN 14789:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 16 January 2006 BSI 16 January 2006ISBN 0 580 46981 6National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14789:2005.The UK participation in its pr
4、eparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/2, Air quality, to Subcommittee EH/2/1, Stationary source emissions, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which imp
5、lement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication do
6、es not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/Europe
7、an committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to
8、 39, and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or netwo
9、rking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14789November 2005ICS 13.040.40English VersionStationary source emissions - Determination of volumeconcentration of oxygen (O2) - Reference method -ParamagnetismEmissions de sources fixes - Dtermination de
10、 laconcentration volumique en oxygne (O2) - Mthode derfrence: ParamagntismeEmissionen aus stationren Quellen - Bestimmung derVolumenkonzentration von Sauerstoff - Referenzverfahren -ParamagnetismusThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 September 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with th
11、e CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or
12、to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.
13、CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland a
14、nd United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14789:200
15、5: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 14789:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Principle.10 4.1
16、 General 10 4.2 Measuring principle 10 5 Description of measuring equipment - Sampling and sample gas conditioning systems10 5.1 General 10 5.2 Sampling line components.11 5.2.1 Sampling line.11 5.2.2 Filter .11 5.2.3 Sample cooler or permeation drier11 5.2.4 Sample pump 11 5.2.5 Secondary filter.12
17、 5.2.6 Flow controller and flow meter 12 6 Analyser equipment12 7 Determination of the characteristics of the SRM : analyser, sampling and conditioning line13 7.1 General 13 7.2 Relevant performance characteristics of the SRM and performance criteria 13 7.3 Establishment of the uncertainty budget14
18、8 Field operation 15 8.1 Sampling location .15 8.2 Sampling point(s)15 8.3 Choice of the measuring system .16 8.4 Setting of the SRM on site16 8.4.1 General 16 8.4.2 Preliminary zero and span check, and adjustments 17 8.4.3 Zero and span checks after measurement17 9 Ongoing quality control18 9.1 Gen
19、eral 18 9.2 Frequency of checks 18 10 Expression of results18 11 Evaluation of the method in the field.18 12 Equivalence with an alternative method .19 13 Test report .19 Annex A (informative) Schematic diagram of the measurement system .21 Annex B (informative) Example of assessment of compliance o
20、f paramagnetic method for O2with requirements on emission measurements22 B.1 Process of uncertainty estimation.22 B.1.1 General 22 B.1.2 Determination of model function .22 B.1.3 Quantification of uncertainty components .22 B.1.4 Calculation of the combined uncertainty 22 Copyright European Committe
21、e for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 14789:2005 (E) 3 B.2 Specific conditions in the site23 B.3 Performance characteristics of the method .24 B.4 Calculation of the standard uncertainty of th
22、e concentration values given by the analyser25 B.4.1 Model equation and application of the rule of the uncertainty propagation 25 B.4.2 Calculation of the partial uncertainties .26 B.4.3 Results of uncertainty calculation.31 Annex C (informative) Procedure of correction of data from drift effect .33
23、 Annex D (informative) Evaluation of the method in the field 34 D.1 General 34 D.2 Characteristics of installations34 D.3 Repeatability and reproducibility in the field35 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive38 Bibliography.
24、39 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 14789:2005 (E) 4 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14789:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air qu
25、ality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2006. This Eur
26、opean Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this European Standa
27、rd. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia
28、, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
29、IHS-,-,-EN 14789:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes the paramagnetic method, including the sampling and the gas conditioning system, to determine the oxygen concentrations in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks. This European Standard is the Standard Reference
30、 Method (SRM) for periodic monitoring and for the calibration or control of Automatic Measuring Systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory purposes or other purposes. To be used as the SRM, the user shall demonstrate that the performance characteristics of the method are better t
31、han the performance criteria defined in this European Standard and that the overall uncertainty of the method is less than 6,0 % of the measured concentration. NOTE When paramagnetism is the measurement principle used for AMS, reference should be made to EN 14181 and other relevant standards provide
32、d by CEN/TC 264. An alternative method to this SRM may be used provided that the user can demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 14793, to the satisfaction of his national accreditation body or law. This Standard Reference Method has been evaluated during field tests
33、 on waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion installations. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range: 5 % to 26 %. Oxygen concentration values, expressed in % volume, are used in order to allow emission measurements of pollutants to be standardised to the ref
34、erence O2concentration and dry gas conditions required by the following Council Directives: Council Directive 2001/80/EC on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants; Council Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration plants. 2 Normative references T
35、he following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 14793, Stationary source emission Intralabo
36、ratory validation procedure for an alternative method compared to a reference method. ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. EN ISO 14956, Air quality - Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a required measurement uncertainty (ISO 1495
37、6:2002). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE In this European Standard, the concentration of O2is expressed in % volume. 3.1 adjustment (of a measuring system) operation of bringing a measuring system into a state of per
38、formance suitable for its use VIM 4.30 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 14789:2005 (E) 6 3.2 ambient temperature temperature of the air around the measuring dev
39、ice 3.3 automatic measuring system (AMS) measuring system permanently installed on site for continuous monitoring of emissions NOTE 1 An AM is a method which is traceable to a reference method. NOTE 2 Apart from the analyser, an AMS includes facilities for taking samples (e.g. probe, sample gas line
40、s, flow meters, regulators, delivery pumps) and for sample conditioning (e.g. dust filter, moisture removal devices, converters, diluters). This definition also includes testing and adjusting devices, that are required for regular functional checks. EN 14181 3.4 calibration statistical relationship
41、between values of the measurand indicated by the measuring system (AMS) and the corresponding values given by the standard reference method (SRM) used during the same period of time and giving a representative measurement on the same sampling plane NOTE The result of calibration permits to establish
42、 the relationship between the values of the SRM and the AMS (calibration function). 3.5 drift difference between two zero (zero drift) or span readings (span drift) at the beginning and at the end of a measuring period 3.6 emission limit value (ELV) emission limit value according to EU Directives on
43、 the basis of 30 min, 1 hour or 1 day 3.7 influence quantity quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement adapted VIM 2.7 NOTE Examples: ambient temperature; atmospheric pressure; presence of interfering gases in the flue gas matrix; pressure of the gas sample. 3
44、.8 interference negative or positive effect upon the response of the measuring system, due to a component of the sample that is not the measurand Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen
45、se from IHS-,-,-EN 14789:2005 (E) 7 3.9 lack of fit systematic deviation within the range of application between the measurement result obtained by applying the calibration function to the observed response of the measuring system measuring test gases and the corresponding accepted value of such tes
46、t gases NOTE 1 Lack of fit may be a function of the measurement result. NOTE 2 The expression “lack of fit“ is often replaced in everyday language by “linearity“ or “deviation from linearity“. 3.10 measurand particular quantity subject to measurement VIM 2.6 3.11 measuring system complete set of mea
47、suring instruments and other equipment assembled to carry out specified measurements VIM 4.5 3.12 performance characteristic one of the quantities (described by values, tolerances, range) assigned to equipment in order to define its performance 3.13 repeatability in the laboratory closeness of the a
48、greement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand carried out under the same conditions of measurement NOTE 1 Repeatability conditions include: same measurement procedure; same laboratory; same measuring instrument, used under the same conditions; same location; repetitio
49、n over a short period of time. NOTE 2 Repeatability may be expressed quantitatively in terms of the dispersion characteristics of the results. In this European Standard the repeatability is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %. VIM 3.6 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Pr
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