1、BS EN 14789:2017Stationary source emissions Determination of volumeconcentration of oxygen Standard reference method:ParamagnetismBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 14789:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK impleme
2、ntation of EN 14789:2017.It supersedes BS EN 14789:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/2/1, Stationary source emission.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publicatio
3、n does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 85049 3 ICS 13.040.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fr
4、om legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 14789:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14789 January
5、2017 ICS 13.040.40 Supersedes EN 14789:2005English Version Stationary source emissions - Determination of volume concentration of oxygen - Standard reference method: Paramagnetism Emissions de sources fixes - Dtermination de la concentration volumique en oxygne - Mthode de rfrence normalise: Paramag
6、ntisme Emissionen aus stationren Quellen - Bestimmung der Volumenkonzentration von Sauerstoff - Standardreferenzverfahren: Paramagnetismus This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the co
7、nditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exi
8、sts in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national st
9、andards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Sl
10、ovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any me
11、ans reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14789:2017 EBS EN 14789:2017EN 14789:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 12 4.1 Symbols. 12 4.2 Abbreviated terms 13 5 Principle . 13 5.1
12、 General 13 5.2 Measuring principle . 13 6 Description of the measuring system 13 6.1 General 13 6.2 Sampling and sample gas conditioning system 14 6.2.1 Sampling probe 14 6.2.2 Filter 14 6.2.3 Sample gas line 14 6.2.4 Sample gas cooler or permeation drier 15 6.2.5 Sample gas pump 15 6.2.6 Secondary
13、 filter . 15 6.2.7 Flow controller and flow meter . 15 6.3 Different variants of the paramagnetism principle . 15 7 Performance characteristics of the SRM 16 8 Suitability of the measuring system for the measurement task 17 9 Field operation. 18 9.1 Measurement planning . 18 9.2 Sampling strategy .
14、18 9.2.1 General 18 9.2.2 Measurement section and measurement plane . 18 9.2.3 Minimum number and location of measurement points 18 9.2.4 Measurement ports and working platform . 18 9.3 Choice of the measuring system 18 9.4 Setting of the measuring system on site . 19 9.4.1 General 19 9.4.2 Prelimin
15、ary zero and span check and adjustments . 19 9.4.3 Zero and span checks after measurement . 20 10 Ongoing quality control 21 10.1 General 21 10.2 Frequency of checks . 21 11 Expression of results . 21 12 Equivalence of an alternative method . 21 BS EN 14789:2017EN 14789:2017 (E) 3 13 Measurement rep
16、ort . 22 Annex A (informative) Validation of the method in the field . 23 A.1 General . 23 A.2 Characteristics of installations 23 A.3 Repeatability and reproducibility in the field 24 A.3.1 General . 24 A.3.2 Repeatability 25 A.3.3 Reproducibility 26 Annex B (informative) Example of assessment of c
17、ompliance of paramagnetic method for oxygen with given uncertainty requirements . 27 B.1 General . 27 B.2 Elements required for the uncertainty determinations . 27 B.2.1 Model equation 27 B.2.2 Combined uncertainty 28 B.2.3 Expanded uncertainty . 28 B.2.4 Determination of uncertainty contributions i
18、n case of rectangular distributions . 29 B.2.5 Determination of uncertainty contributions by use of sensitivity coefficients . 29 B.3 Example of an uncertainty calculation 30 B.3.1 Site specific conditions . 30 B.3.2 Performance characteristics 30 B.3.3 Determination of the uncertainty contributions
19、 31 B.3.4 Results of uncertainty calculation 34 B.3.4.1 Standard uncertainties . 34 B.3.4.2 Combined uncertainty 35 B.3.4.3 Expanded uncertainty . 36 B.3.4.4 Evaluation of the compliance with the required measurement quality . 36 Annex C (informative) Schematic diagram of the measuring system . 37 A
20、nnex D (informative) Example of correction of data from drift effect 38 Annex E (informative) Significant technical changes . 40 Bibliography . 41 BS EN 14789:2017EN 14789:2017 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 14789:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, th
21、e secretariat of which is held by DIN. This document supersedes EN 14789:2005. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at t
22、he latest by July 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Annex E provides details of significant technical changes betw
23、een this document and the previous edition. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former
24、 Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14789:2017EN 14789:2017 (E) 5
25、 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the standard reference method (SRM) based on the paramagnetic principle for the determination of the oxygen concentrations in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere from ducts and stacks. It includes the sampling and the gas conditioning system as well as the
26、analyser. This European Standard specifies the performance characteristics to be determined and the performance criteria to be fulfilled by portable automated measuring systems (P-AMS) based on this measurement method. It applies to periodic monitoring and the calibration or control of automated mea
27、suring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes. This European Standard specifies criteria for demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method (AM) to the SRM by application of EN 14793:2017. This European Standard has been validated during field tests o
28、n waste incineration, co-incineration and large combustion plants and on a recognized test bench. It has been validated for sampling periods of 30 min in the range from 3 % to 21 %. Oxygen concentration values, expressed as volume concentrations, are used to allow results of emission measurements to
29、 be standardised to the oxygen reference concentration and dry gas conditions required e.g. by EU Directive 2010/75/EC on industrial emissions. NOTE The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability and reproducibility in the field are given in A
30、nnex A. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including a
31、ny amendments) applies. EN 14793:2017, Stationary source emission Demonstration of equivalence of an alternative method with a reference method EN 15259:2007, Air quality - Measurement of stationary source emissions - Requirements for measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective,
32、 plan and report EN 15267-4:2017, Air quality Certification of automated measuring systems Part 4: Performance criteria and test procedures for automated measuring systems for periodic measurements of emissions from stationary sources EN ISO 14956:2002, Air quality - Evaluation of the suitability of
33、 a measurement procedure by comparison with a required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002) ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) BS EN 14789:2017EN 14789:2017 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of
34、 this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE In this European Standard, the volume concentration of oxygen is expressed in percent. 3.1 standard reference method SRM reference method prescribed by European or national legislation SOURCE: EN 15259:2007 3.2 reference method RM measu
35、rement method taken as a reference by convention, which gives the accepted reference value of the measurand Note 1 to entry: A reference method is fully described. Note 2 to entry: A reference method can be a manual or an automated method. Note 3 to entry: Alternative methods can be used if equivale
36、nce to the reference method has been demonstrated. SOURCE: EN 15259:2007 3.3 measurement method method described in a written procedure containing all the means and procedures required to sample and analyse, namely field of application, principle and/or reactions, definitions, equipment, procedures,
37、 presentation of results, other requirements and measurement report SOURCE: EN 14793:2017 3.4 alternative method AM measurement method which complies with the criteria given by this European Standard with respect to the reference method Note 1 to entry: An alternative method can consist of a simplif
38、ication of the reference method. SOURCE: EN 14793:2017 3.5 measuring system set of one or more measuring instruments and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate measured quantity values within specified intervals for quantitie
39、s of specified kinds SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012 BS EN 14789:2017EN 14789:2017 (E) 7 3.6 automated measuring system AMS entirety of all measuring instruments and additional devices for obtaining a result of measurement Note 1 to entry: Apart from the actual measuring device (the analyser), an AMS includes
40、 facilities for taking samples (e.g. probe, sample gas lines, flow meters and regulator, delivery pump) and for sample conditioning (e.g. dust filter, pre-separator for interferents, cooler, converter). This definition also includes testing and adjusting devices that are required for functional chec
41、ks and, if applicable, for commissioning. Note 2 to entry: The term “automated measuring system” (AMS) is typically used in Europe. The term “continuous emission monitoring system” (CEMS) is also typically used in the UK and USA. SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017 3.7 portable automated measuring system P-AMS
42、automated measuring system which is in a condition or application to be moved from one to another measurement site to obtain measurement results for a short measurement period Note 1 to entry: The measurement period is typically 8 h for a day. Note 2 to entry: The P-AMS can be configured at the meas
43、urement site for the special application but can be also set-up in a van or mobile container. The probe and the sample gas lines are installed often just before the measurement task is started. SOURCE: EN 15267-4:2017 3.8 calibration set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the
44、relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring method or measuring system, and the corresponding values given by the applicable reference Note 1 to entry: In case of automated measuring systems (AMS) permanently installed on a stack the applicable reference is the standard refere
45、nce method (SRM) used to establish the calibration function of the AMS. Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system. 3.9 adjustment set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given valu
46、es of a quantity to be measured Note 1 to entry: The adjustment can be made directly on the instrument or using a suitable calculation procedure. 3.10 span gas test gas used to adjust and check a specific point on the response line of the measuring system BS EN 14789:2017EN 14789:2017 (E) 8 3.11 mea
47、surand particular quantity subject to measurement SOURCE: EN 15259:2007 Note 1 to entry: The measurand is a quantifiable property of the stack gas under test, for example mass concentration of a measured component, temperature, velocity, mass flow, oxygen content and water vapour content. 3.12 inter
48、ference negative or positive effect upon the response of the measuring system, due to a component of the sample that is not the measurand 3.13 influence quantity quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement Note 1 to entry: Influence quantities are e.g. presence
49、of interfering gases, ambient temperature or pressure of the gas sample. 3.14 ambient temperature temperature of the air around the measuring system 3.15 measurement site place on the waste gas duct in the area of the measurement plane(s) consisting of structures and technical equipment, for example working platforms, measurement ports, energy supply Note 1 to entry: Measurement site is also known as sampling site. SOURCE: EN 15259:2007 3.16 measurement plane plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position Note 1 to entry: M
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