1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14889-2:2006Fibres for concrete Part 2: Polymer fibres Definitions, specifications and conformityThe European Standard EN 14889-2:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.30 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g
2、49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14889-2:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49305 9National forewordThis Bri
3、tish Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14889-2:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/11, Fibres for concrete.A list of organizations represented on B/517/11 can be obtained on request to
4、 its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN
5、 STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14889-2August 2006ICS 91.100.30English VersionFibres for concrete - Part 2: Polymer fibres - Definitions,specifications and conformityFibres pour bton - Partie 2 : Fibres polymre - Dfinition,spcifications et conformitFasern fr Beton - Teil 2: Polymerfasern -
6、 Begriffe,Festlegungen und KonformittThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-da
7、te lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the re
8、sponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irela
9、nd, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B
10、-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14889-2:2006: EEN 14889-2:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Symbols 6 5 Requirements.6 5.1 Classific
11、ation of fibres 6 5.2 General7 5.2.1 Polymer type 7 5.2.2 Shape 7 5.2.3 Bundled polymer fibres.7 5.2.4 Surface treatment or coating7 5.3 Dimensions and tolerances 7 5.3.1 General7 5.3.2 Length .8 5.3.3 Determination of (equivalent) diameter.9 5.3.4 Linear density.9 5.3.5 Shape of fibres.9 5.4 Tensil
12、e properties9 5.4.1 Tenacity of Class I fibres 9 5.4.2 Tensile strength of Class II fibres 10 5.5 Modulus of elasticity .10 5.6 Melting point and point of ignition.10 5.7 Effect on consistence of concrete .10 5.8 Effect on the strength of concrete .10 5.9 Mixing11 5.10 Release of dangerous substance
13、s.11 6 Evaluation of conformity.11 6.1 General11 6.2 Initial type testing 11 6.2.1 General11 6.3 Factory production control (FPC) 13 6.3.1 General13 6.3.2 Equipment 13 6.3.3 Raw materials.13 6.3.4 Design process 13 6.3.5 Product testing and evaluation 13 6.3.6 Traceability.14 6.3.7 Corrective action
14、s for non conforming products.15 Annex A (normative) Conditions for switching between the control regimes T-N-R.16 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive for Construction products (89/106/EEC) .18 ZA.2 Procedure(s) for the at
15、testation of conformity of products 20 ZA.2.1 Systems of attestation of conformity 20 ZA.2.2 EC Certificate and Declaration of conformity.23 ZA.3. CE Marking and labelling 24 Bibliography 27 EN 14889-2:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14889-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/T
16、C 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. It has been developed by working group 11, “Fibres for concrete“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This standard comprises two parts: Part 1 dealing with steel fibres for concrete, Part 2 dealing with polymer fib
17、res This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate
18、given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the Construction Products Directive. For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard should be g
19、iven the status of a national standard. No existing European Standard is superseded. Not all fibre characteristics that may be relevant to the performance of a fibre concrete, structural or non-structural, such as early age effects, creep and chemical attack, have been addressed in this standard due
20、 to the difficulties of formulating meaningful and reproducible standardised test methods. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denma
21、rk, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14889-2:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This Part 2 of EN 14889 specifies re
22、quirements for polymer fibres for structural or non-structural use in concrete, mortar and grout. NOTE Structural use of fibres is where the addition of fibres is designed to contribute to the load bearing capacity of a concrete element. This standard covers fibres intended for use in all types of c
23、oncrete and mortar, including sprayed concrete, flooring, precast, in-situ and repair concretes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest
24、edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10002-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature EN 12350-3, Testing fresh concrete Part 3: Vebe test EN 13392, Textiles Monofilaments Determination of linear density prEN 14845-1, Test
25、 methods for fibres in concrete Part 1: Reference concretes EN 14845-2, Test methods for fibres in concrete Part 2: Effect on concrete EN ISO 2062, Textiles Yarns from packages Determination of single-end breaking force and elongation at break (ISO 2062:1993) ISO 11357-3, Plastics Differential scann
26、ing calorimetry (DSC) Part 3: Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 polymer polymeric material such as polyolefin, e.g. polypropylene or polyethylene, polyeste
27、r, nylon, pva, polyacrylic, aramids and blends of them 3.2 polymer fibres straight or deformed pieces of extruded, orientated and cut material which are suitable to be homogeneously mixed into concrete or mortar 3.3 length distance between the outer ends of the fibre 3.3.1 developed length (for defo
28、rmed fibres with irregular cross section) length of the deformed fibre after straightening the fibre without deforming the cross section EN 14889-2:2006 (E) 5 3.4 equivalent diameter diameter of a circle with an area equal to the mean cross sectional area of the fibre. For circular fibres, the equiv
29、alent diameter is equal to the diameter of the fibres. 3.5 aspect ratio ratio of length to equivalent diameter of the fibre 3.6 fibre shape specific outer configuration of the fibre, both in the longitudinal direction and in the shape of the cross section and also the possible surface coatings and o
30、r bundling of the fibres 3.7 tensile strength of the fibre stress corresponding to the maximum force a fibre can resist. The tensile strength is calculated by dividing the maximum force a fibre can resist by the mean cross sectional area of the fibre. 3.8 elongation of the fibre elongation of the fi
31、bre is defined as the ratio of the length change of the fibre to the initial length expressed as a percentage NOTE The length change should be measured on the fibre itself. 3.9 elastic modulus of the fibre initial slope of the tensile stress versus elongation curve 3.10 linear density mass per unit
32、length of a yarn or filament expressed in tex or its multiples or submultiples NOTE 1 tex = 1g/1000m 3.11 tenacity breaking force of a fibre divided by its linear density 3.12 melting point temperature at which a polymer becomes liquid 3.13 point of ignition temperature at which combustion is initia
33、ted 3.14 residual flexural strength notional stress at the tip of the notch which is assumed to act in an uncracked mid-span section, with linear stress distribution, of a prism subjected to the centre-point load Fj corresponding to CMODj where CMODj CMODFL; or to j where j FL (j = 1,2,3,4). 3.15 cr
34、ack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) linear displacement measured by a transducer installed on a prism subjected to a centre-point load F EN 14889-2:2006 (E) 6 3.16 declared value value for a product property, determined in accordance with this standard, that a manufacturer is confident of achievin
35、g within the given tolerances bearing in mind the variability of the manufacturing process 4 Symbols Symbols used in this standard are defined as follows: A area of the cross section of the fibre, in mm2; d diameter of a fibre with a circular cross section, in mm; deequivalent diameter of the fibre,
36、 in mm; l measured length of the fibre, in mm; ld developed length of the fibre in mm; = l / d and is the aspect ratio of the fibre; m mass of the fibre, in g; density of the polymer, in kg/m3; Tsmelting point of the polymer, in C; Tipoint of ignition of the polymer, in C; Pmaxmaximum tensile load c
37、arrying capacity of the fibre, in N; Rmtensile strength of the fibre, in MPa; elongation of the fibre, in %; E elastic modulus of the fibre, in Mpa. 5 Requirements 5.1 Classification of fibres Polymer fibres shall be characterised by the manufacturer in accordance with their physical form: Class Ia:
38、 Micro fibres: 0,30 mm in diameter NOTE Class II fibres are generally used where an increase in residual flexural strength is required. EN 14889-2:2006 (E) 7 5.2 General 5.2.1 Polymer type The basic polymer(s) or blends of polymers of the fibre shall be declared. 5.2.2 Shape Polymer fibres may be ei
39、ther straight or deformed. The type of deformation shall be declared. 5.2.3 Bundled polymer fibres The type and size of the fibre bundle (e.g. glued, wrapped) shall be declared. 5.2.4 Surface treatment or coating Any surface treatment or coating (type and quantity), and any chemical or physical trea
40、tment of polymer fibres shall be declared and controlled. NOTE Spin finish is a term used to describe the addition of chemical(s) used to coat the fibres that will then help the fibre to disperse in concrete. Without this coating some fibres will not easily disperse in concrete and will tend to ball
41、 up. However some types of chemical used to coat the fibres can induce air into the concrete or mortar. It is therefore important that any coating added to the fibre is controlled and is recorded as part of the initial type testing and as part of the factory control procedures. 5.3 Dimensions and to
42、lerances 5.3.1 General The length, diameter and aspect ratio shall be declared for all fibres. The linear density shall be declared for Class I fibres. Specimens of fibres, when sampled in accordance with 6.2.2 and measured in accordance with 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 shall not deviate from the declared value
43、 by more than the tolerances given in Table 1. EN 14889-2:2006 (E) 8 Table 1 Tolerance limits for the dimensions of the fibres Property Symbol Deviation of the individual value relative to the declared value Deviation of the average value relative to the declared value Length and developed length (a
44、ll fibres) l, ld 30 mm (if applicable) 10 % 5 % 30 mm 1,5 mm Class II fibres 0,30 mm (equivalent) diameter length/diameter ratio de 50 % 50 % 5 % 10 % Class I fibres 0,30 mm linear density L 10 % 10 % 5.3.2 Length The length shall be measured with a marking gauge with an accuracy of 0,1 mm. In the c
45、ase of an irregular cross section, the developed length of the fibre shall be determined. EN 14889-2:2006 (E) 9 5.3.3 Determination of (equivalent) diameter 5.3.3.1 Fibre with circular cross section For Class I fibres with a diameter less than 0,3 mm, the diameter shall be measured using optical mea
46、suring equipment. For Class II fibres with a diameter greater than 0,3 mm, the diameter of the fibre shall be measured with a micrometer to a precision of 0,001 mm. 5.3.3.2 Fibre with elliptical cross section The diameter of the fibre shall be measured with a micrometer, in two directions, approxima
47、tely at right angles, to a precision of 0,001 mm. The fibre diameter shall be the mean of the two diameters. 5.3.3.3 Rectangular fibres The width (w) and thickness (t) of the fibres shall be measured with a micrometer to a precision of 0,001 mm. The equivalent diameter, de, is calculated as twde=45.
48、3.3.4 Fibres with irregular cross section The mass, mf g, and the developed length, ldmm, of the fibre shall be determined. The mass shall be determined to an accuracy of 0,001 g and the length to an accuracy of 0,01 mm. The equivalent diameter shall be computed from the mass and the developed lengt
49、h using the following formula with the nominal density of the fibre, , in g/cm3: =dfelmd6104NOTE The nominal density of Polypropylene is 0,9 g/cm3. 5.3.4 Linear density The linear density of Class I fibres shall be determined in accordance with EN 13392 and shall be declared. 5.3.5 Shape of fibres The manufacturer may freely choose the shape of the fibre. The control and tolerances on the shape shall be declared for each different shape. Control may be carried out using optical equipment. 5.4 Ten
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