EN 15150-2011 6875 Solid biofuels - Determination of particle density《固体生物燃料 颗粒密度的测定》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15150:2011Solid biofuels Determinationof particle densityCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproductio

2、n or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15150:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15150:2011. Itsupersedes DD CEN/TS 15150:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee P

3、TI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 73878 4ICS 75.160.10

4、Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright European Committee for Standardizat

5、ion Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15150:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15150 November 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15150:2005English Version Solid biofuels - Determinati

6、on of particle density Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la masse volumique des particules Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikeldichte This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which sti

7、pulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European

8、 Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are th

9、e national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, S

10、witzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref.

11、No. EN 15150:2011: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15150:2011EN 15150:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and defin

12、itions .44 Principle 45 Reagents .46 Apparatus .56.1 General apparatus requirements .56.2 Apparatus for pellet testing 56.3 Apparatus for briquette testing 67 Sample preparation .78 Procedure .98.1 Procedure for pellets (up to a diameter of 25 mm according to EN 14961-1 and EN 14961-3). .98.2 Proced

13、ure for briquettes (with a diameter equal or higher than 25 mm, according to EN 14961-1 and EN 14961-3). 99 Calculation . 1010 Precision 1111 Test report . 11Annex A (informative) Stereometric volume estimation 12Bibliography . 14Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under

14、 license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15150:2011EN 15150:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15150:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC “Solid biofuels“, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Stan

15、dard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this doc

16、ument may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15150:2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries ar

17、e bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sp

18、ain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15150:2011EN 15150:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes the

19、method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardised to enable comparative determinations to be made. 2 Normative references The following referenced docum

20、ents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14961-1,

21、Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements EN 14961-3, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use EN 14778, Solid biofuels Sampling EN 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation EN 14774-1, Solid biofuels Determination

22、 of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference method EN 14774-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588 app

23、ly. 4 Principle Both mass and volume of an individual particle or a group of particles are determined. The volume is measured by determining the buoyancy in a liquid. This procedure follows the physical principle that the buoyancy of a body is equal to the weight of the displaced volume of a liquid.

24、 The apparent loss in weight between a measurement in air and a subsequent measurement in liquid marks its buoyancy. The volume of the sample body is calculated via the density of the applied liquid. NOTE The particle density of briquettes could also be estimated by stereometric means (see informati

25、ve Annex A). This estimation could also be made if pellets are cut to determine their volume by stereometric means. Be aware of a higher variability between the replications when applying the stereometric measuring principle. 5 Reagents 5.1 Water with low content of ions (e.g. drinking water quality

26、) in a temperature range of 10 C to 30 C. 5.2 A detergent named O-4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl-deca(oxyethylen), Octylphenoldecaethylen-glycolether, Polyethylenglycol-mono-p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl-ether. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license

27、 with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15150:2011EN 15150:2011 (E) 5 NOTE The exclusive use of this specific detergent with given characteristics allows to apply a fixed value for the density of the liquid (mixture with water) and ensures co

28、nstant properties as wetting agent. The detergent is, for example, traded under the name TritonX-100. The density at 20 C is 1,07 g/l. 5.3 Paraffin with a melting point of 52 C to 54 C. 6 Apparatus 6.1 General apparatus requirements 6.1.1 Thermometer for liquids having a measuring accuracy of 1 C 6.

29、1.2 Facilities for moisture content determination according to EN 14774-1 or EN 14774-2 6.2 Apparatus for pellet testing 6.2.1 A balance, having sufficient accuracy to determine the weight to the nearest 0,001 g. Due to the high sensitivity of the balance, the test rig shall be placed into a wind pr

30、otection cabinet to allow undisturbed and immediate reading of the displayed values. 6.2.2 A transparent beaker glass of about 200 ml filling volume. 6.2.3 A density determination rig which can be placed on the balance. The rig consists of a bridge which overstretches the weighing plate of the balan

31、ce in order to prevent the balance from being loaded. The bridge is capable of carrying the beaker glass (6.2.2). Through a supporting frame with suspension rods a weighing dish (“submergence dish“) is hung into the beaker glass (Figure 1) which is filled with liquid. The dish shall be able to accom

32、modate at least four pellets at once. Both, the supporting frame and the submergence dish are directly loaded on the balance plate. The submergence apparatus (the dish and the suspension) can be removed for being loaded with pellets. Through the dish suspension, the submergence depth is always kept

33、constant. The bottom of the submergence dish is perforated by openings which are smaller in diameter than the diameter of the pellets. This perforation allows the liquid to fill the dish from underneath when it is submerged. If sample material of low density shall be applied (below 1,0 g/cm3) a modi

34、fied suspension having an inverted submergence dish is required; this is to force the pellets underneath the liquid surface and prevent them from floating atop of the liquid. For the determination of the mass in air it is useful to use a combined test rig where an additional upper weighing dish is f

35、ixed to the suspension (Figure 1). Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15150:2011EN 15150:2011 (E) 6 Key 1 weighing dish (weighing in air) 2 pellets 3 bridge 4

36、perforated submergence dish (weighing in water) 5 weighing plate (balance) 6 beaker glass 7 dish suspension 8 supporting frame Figure 1 Buoyancy determination rig on a balance (method for pellets) 6.3 Apparatus for briquette testing 6.3.1 A balance, having sufficient accuracy to determine the weight

37、 to the nearest 0,01 g. If briquettes of more than 500 g each are tested the accuracy of the balance can be reduced to 0,1 g. The balance must have a connecting point for hanging a weight to its load cell. 6.3.2 A transparent container for liquids having a sufficient filling volume to accommodate th

38、e liquid and the submerged briquette. NOTE A sufficient filling volume is usually achieved when the containers cross section is about 8 times larger than the cross section of the briquette. In this case any effects by level changes of the liquid caused by submersion of the briquette are negligible.

39、Such error would be due to a larger part of the holding steel string (see 6.3.3) being submerged. 6.3.3 A non absorbent thin steel string which can be hung to the connecting point of the balance. The end of the string is equipped with a hook or a ring, which allows an easy appending of the sample. 6

40、.3.4 A tripod where the balance can be placed on. The tripod must have a plate with an opening which allows the string to pass through unhindered while hanging to the balance (Figure 2). Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduct

41、ion or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15150:2011EN 15150:2011 (E) 7 6.3.5 A technical support (e.g. steel loops or bracket) to hang up the briquette on the lower connecting point while it is being submerged in the liquid. 6.3.6 If sample material of low density shall be test

42、ed (below 1,0 g/cm3) a removable weight is required, which is positioned onto the sample in a way which prevents the briquette from floating atop of the liquid. Key 1 carrying plate with opening 2 balance 3 steel string 4 liquid container 5 test sample (briquette) 6 connecting ring or hook 7 tripod

43、Figure 2 Buoyancy determination rig using a hanging load to a balance (method for briquettes) 7 Sample preparation 7.1 Sampling and sample preparation shall be done in accordance with EN 14778 and EN 14780. 7.2 A total sample weight of 500 g (pellets with a diameter equal to or below 12 mm) or 1 000

44、 g for pellets with a diameter above 12 mm or a minimum of 15 briquettes is required. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15150:2011EN 15150:2011 (E) 8 7.3 From

45、 the fuel a sub-sample of minimum 40 pellets or 10 briquettes is selected and stored in the room where the measuring will be conducted for at least two days. 7.4 For low density and coarse textured briquettes a rapid disintegration after submergence in the liquid may happen, thus the reading may be

46、difficult to take. The sample can then be coated by submerging in liquid paraffin (5.3), preferable at a temperature of 90 C. NOTE Be aware of the additional volume, which reduces the density slightly. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for Res

47、aleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15150:2011EN 15150:2011 (E) 9 8 Procedure 8.1 Procedure for pellets (up to a diameter of 25 mm according to EN 14961-1 and EN 14961-3). 8.1.1 Fill the beaker glass with water to a filling level which ensures that full subm

48、ersion of all pellets on the submergence dish can be achieved. 8.1.2 Add 1,5 grams per litre of the detergent (5.2) to the water in the beaker glass and stir until full homogeneity of the liquid is achieved. Position the beaker glass with the liquid onto the bridge. NOTE 1 At 1,5 grams per litre of the above detergent the critical micelle concentration in water (xCMC=0,15 g/l) is exceeded by ten times. It is advised to use a magnetic stirring device for better homogeneity.