1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15191:2009Precast concrete products Classification of glassfibrereinforced concreteperformanceBS EN 15191:2009 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the
2、 UK implementation of EN 15191:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/524, Precast concrete products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the neces
3、saryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 67153 1ICS 91.100.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Commi
4、ttee on 31 August 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15191:2009EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15191 December 2009 ICS 91.100.30 English Version Precast concrete products - Classification of glassfibre reinforced concrete performance Produits prfabri
5、qus en bton - Classification des performances des composites ciment-verre Betonfertigteile - Klassifizierung der Leistungseigenschaften von Glasfaserbeton This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 November 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which st
6、ipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standa
7、rd exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national stan
8、dards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Ki
9、ngdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15191:2009: EBS E
10、N 15191:2009EN 15191:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Definitions and abbreviations 63.1 Terms and definitions .63.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms 84 Properties of glassfibre reinforced concrete 84.1 Characteristics of composite material.84.2 Compo
11、sition of GRC84.3 Performance .94.3.1 GRC using spray or premixing processes 94.3.2 GRC with oriented fibres 105 Classification of GRC . 105.1 Classification according to mechanical properties 105.2 Application-specific values . 105.3 Material classes 115.3.1 Classification parameters 115.3.2 Specif
12、ication of the parameters 115.4 Application specific parameter . 126 Special properties . 127 Test methods . 127.1 Application class 127.2 Requirements of glassfibre . 13Bibliography . 14BS EN 15191:2009EN 15191:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15191:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committ
13、ee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdra
14、wn at the latest by June 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the
15、national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norw
16、ay, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15191:2009EN 15191:2009 (E) 4 Introduction The classification covers all GRC formulation and production processes. The properties of GRC depend on: a) the constituent materials used; b) the co
17、mposition of glassfibre reinforced concrete; c) the production processes. The classification of GRC is based on the material properties that can be achieved. BS EN 15191:2009EN 15191:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard deals with the classification of glassfibre reinforced concrete. This class
18、ification conforms to the needs of the design process of glassfibre reinforced concrete components. This European Standard applies only if EN 1169 is followed. This standard does not deal with design methods. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applica
19、tion of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement Part 1: Determination of strength EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement Part 2: Che
20、mical analysis of cement EN 1170-4, Precast concrete products Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement Part 4: Measuring bending strength, “Simplified bending test“ method EN 1170-5, Precast concrete products Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement Part 5: Measuring bending strength, “Com
21、plete bending test” method EN 1170-6, Precast concrete products Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement Part 6: Determination of the absorption of water by immersion and determination of the dry density EN 1170-7, Precast concrete products Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement Part 7:
22、Measurement of extremes dimensional variations due to moisture content EN 1170-8, Test method for glass-fibre reinforced cement Part 8: Cyclic weathering type test EN 1339, Concrete paving flags Requirements and test methods EN 13198, Precast concrete products Street furniture and garden products EN
23、 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements Part 1 : Classification using data from reaction to fire tests EN 14649, Precast concrete products Test method for strength retention of glass fibres in cement and concrete (SIC TEST) EN 15422, Precast concrete products Spe
24、cification of glassfibres for reinforcement of mortars and concretes EN ISO 6946, Building components and building elements Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance Calculation method (ISO 6946:2007) ISO 12491:1997, Statistical methods for quality control of building materials and components BS
25、EN 15191:2009EN 15191:2009 (E) 6 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 addition product that may be added by weight or volume/weight to the matrix composition to improve some properties NOTE 1 An
26、addition can be reactive or inert, mineral or organic. NOTE 2 Silica fumes are reactive and polymer dispersions are organic. 3.1.2 admixture product added in quantity less than 5 % by weight), before or during mixing and giving expected modifications to the initial and final properties NOTE The quan
27、tity of admixture is related to the mass of cement. The properties are for example: workability, air content. 3.1.3 AR glassfibre glassfibre product with a proven resistance to the alkaline environment of matrices made from hydraulic cement 3.1.4 basic strand glassfibre obtained by stranding a numbe
28、r of filaments having a defined individual diameter NOTE Number of filaments: typically 100 to 200; individual diameter: typically 10 m to 30 m. 3.1.5 roving number of parallel strands wound together on a mandrel to form uniform cylindrical package size 3.1.6 glassfibre reinforced concrete GRC compo
29、site material consisting of a matrix reinforced with glassfibres, these materials being compatible 3.1.7 matrix part of GRC which is not fibres, normally composed of sand, cement, water and any additions and admixtures 3.1.8 spray process process whereby continuous glassfibres are cut into set lengt
30、hs and sprayed together with the matrix NOTE The processes are designed to give a glassfibre reinforced concrete in which the fibres are oriented parallel to the mould surface. 3.1.9 premix process process whereby chopped strands of glassfibres are blended with the matrix to make a glassfibre reinfo
31、rced concrete ready for processing NOTE The processes can be “casting and vibration”, wet spraying, injection, extrusion, etc. BS EN 15191:2009EN 15191:2009 (E) 7 3.1.10 process with oriented fibres process whereby chopped strands or roving of glassfibre are placed in the matrix in a defined directi
32、on 3.1.11 facing coat outer surface layer of fine-grained concrete which is often pigmented 3.1.12 SIC test test method for strength retention of glass fibres in cement and concrete 3.1.13 fibre content fibre content of glassfibre reinforced concrete is given in percentage by weight and it is relate
33、d to the total weight of the GRC 3.1.14 limit of proportionality LOP bending stress at which the linear-elastic material behaviour becomes plastic in the stress-strain diagram 3.1.15 modulus of rupture MOR ultimate bending stress as determined in accordance with EN 1170-4 or EN 1170-5 3.1.16 charact
34、eristic property value of a property above which 95 % of the population of all possible measurements of that property of the specified GRC are expected to lie 3.1.17 acceptance test test carried out on a predetermined regular basis to confirm that batches of product conform to specification 3.1.18 i
35、nitial type testing complete set of tests or other procedures described in the technical specification, to determine the performance of samples of products representative of the product type for the characteristics 3.1.19 cement hydraulic binder finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed wit
36、h water, forms a paste that sets and hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes and which, after hardening, retains its strength and stability even under water NOTE The cement should conform to EN 197-1. 3.1.20 sand granular mineral material suitable for use in cement or concrete NOTE San
37、ds may be natural or artificial. The sand should conform to EN 12620. BS EN 15191:2009EN 15191:2009 (E) 8 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms AR alkali resistant GRC glassfibre reinforced concrete LOP limit of proportionality MOR modulus of rupture SIC strand in cement 4 Properties of glassfibre reinf
38、orced concrete 4.1 Characteristics of composite material Glassfibre reinforced concrete is a composite material for which the glassfibre has the function of a reinforcement for the cementitious matrix. The properties of the composite material as manufactured depend on: a) the properties of the matri
39、x as base; b) the properties, geometry, quantity and orientation of the glassfibre as reinforcement; c) the bond between matrix and glassfibre; d) the manufacturing processes; e) the conditions and the treatments during production (curing). 4.2 Composition of GRC The mechanical properties of GRC dep
40、end on the mix design and shall be consistent with the product requirements. The mix designs in Table 1 are intended as a guide; mix designs falling outside these values may be acceptable if practical experience is available and the performance has been verified before use. Table 1 Basic formulation
41、s of GRC Manufacturing technique Spray processes Premix processes fibre content in weight % 3,0 to 5,5 1,5 to 3,5 length of AR fibres amm 25 25 water/cement ratio b0,35 0,05 0,37 0,05 sand/cement ratio c0,67 to 2 0,67 to 2 polymer in volume d% 0 7 0 to 7 aIn case of oriented fibres the fibre length
42、depends on the product. bWater/cement ratio: the ratio of the mass of total water to the mass of dry cement in the GRC in the uncured state. When pozzolanic fillers are used they may be considered as cementitious and the water/cement ratio may be expressed as a water/total binder ratio (for examples
43、: such pozzolanic fillers are pulverised fuel ash, micro-silica) and metakaolin.Metakaolin: the rules valid at the place of use therefore apply. cSand/cement ratio: the ratio of the mass of total dry aggregate to the mass of cement in the GRC. dThe values of polymer refer to the dispersion with soli
44、d content of 50 %. BS EN 15191:2009EN 15191:2009 (E) 9 4.3 Performance 4.3.1 GRC using spray or premixing processes The following values are average values. Table 2 Performance of GRC using spray processes and premix processes Manufacturing technique Spray processes Premix processes Test method Dry
45、density kg/m32300001900+2300001900+EN 1170-6 28 day bending strength EN 1170-5 LOP MPa 8 2 7 2 MOR MPa 20 5 9 3 Ultimate strain () at MOR % 0,8 0,2 0,1 strength after ageing (50 immersion/drying cycles): MOR MPa 16 4 8 2 EN 1170-8 Ultimate strain () at MOR % 0,1 0,05 EN 1170-5 water absorption at 24
46、 h % 11 3 11 3 EN 1170-6 shrinkage/swelling mm/m 1,2 0,3 1,2 0,3 EN 1170-7 modulus of elasticity MPa at 28 days 10 000 to 20 000 in the long term 15 000 to 25 000 NOTE Tensile strength is typically 50 % of LOP. This value can be used in absence of any information. Table 3 Additional characteristics
47、Performance Test method impact resistance J dead impact 1 000 sharp impact 10 fatigue strength Similar to concrete abrasion resistance Similar to concrete EN 1339 compressive strength MPa 40 to 70 EN 196-1 thermal expansion m/mK 10 for dry GRC up to 20 in humid condition thermal conductivity W/mK 0,
48、8 to 1 EN ISO 6946 permeability to air and water Equal or less than concrete freeze-thaw resistance Equal or greater than that of concrete EN 13198 chemical resistance Similar to concrete EN 196-2 reaction to fire Euroclass A1 or A2 EN 13501-1 sound attenuation dbA 30 for an 8 mm thick sheet BS EN 1
49、5191:2009EN 15191:2009 (E) 10 4.3.2 GRC with oriented fibres Processes using oriented fibres may result in mechanical properties that differ from the above. The achievable properties depend on the following factors: a) geometry of the product; b) direction of the oriented fibres; c) position and cross section of the oriented fibres in the product. In case of oriented fibres, the position of
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