1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 15433-1:2007Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads Part 1: General requirementsICS 55.180.01g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40
2、g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 15433-1:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 56271 6National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15433-1:2
3、007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/0, Packaging.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respo
4、nsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15433-1December 2007ICS 55.180.01English VersionTransportation loads - Mea
5、surement and evaluation of dynamicmechanical loads - Part 1: General requirementsCharges de transport - Mesurage et analyse des chargesmcaniques dynamiques - Partie 1 : Exigences gnralesTransportbelastungen - Messen und Auswerten vonmechanisch-dynamischen Belastungen - Teil 1: AllgemeineAnforderunge
6、nThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 October 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical refe
7、rences concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member in
8、to its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
9、Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007
10、 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15433-1:2007: EEN 15433-1:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Requirements 5 3.1 Fundamental requirements 5 3.2 Location of measu
11、ring points 5 3.3 Source data 6 3.4 Care during data acquisition and documentation . 6 3.5 Measuring report. 6 3.6 Measurement on a transported item. 6 3.7 Data validity check 6 3.8 Data analysis . 6 3.9 Derivation of test specifications 7 3.10 Transportation monitoring with automatic recording equi
12、pment 7 Bibliography . 8 EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15433-1:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an ide
13、ntical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for ide
14、ntifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gr
15、eece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This standard was originally prepared by working group NAVp-1.4, Req
16、uirements and Testing, of the German Standardisation Institute (DIN). It is part of a complete normative concept to acquire and describe the loads acting on goods and influencing them during transport, handling and storage. This standard becomes significant when related to the realisation of the Eur
17、opean Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (Directive 94/62 EC, 20 December 1994). This directive specifies requirements on the avoidance or reduction of packaging waste, and requires that the amount of packaging material is adjusted to the expected transportation load, in order to protect the
18、 transportation item adequately. However, this presumes some knowledge of the transportation loads occurring during shipment. At present, basic standards, based on scientifically confirmed values, which can adequately describe and characterize the magnitudes of transportation loads, especially in th
19、e domain of dynamic-mechanical loads, do not exist nationally or internationally. Reasons for this are mainly the absence of published data, insufficient description of the measurements, or restrictions on the dissemination of this information. This standard will enable the measurement and evaluatio
20、n of dynamic mechanical transportation loads, thus enabling the achievement of standardized and adequately documented load values. This series of standards consists of the following parts: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipment Part 3:
21、Data validity check and data editing for evaluation Part 4: Data evaluation Part 5: Derivation of test specifications Part 6: Automatic recording systems for measuring randomly occurring shock during monitoring of transports. This standard describes the basics and principles to be applied when measu
22、ring and analysing transportation loads. EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard specifies the general requirements to be observed during the measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical transportation loads, should the results raise a claim of generalization and be incorporated in this seri
23、es of standards as fundamental data. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments
24、) applies. EN 15433-2, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipment EN 15433-3, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical data Part 3: Data validity check and data edi
25、ting for evaluation EN 15433-4, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 4: Data evaluation EN 15433-5, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 5: Derivation of test specifications EN 15433-6, Transportation loads Measu
26、rement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 6: Automatic recording systems for measuring randomly occurring shock during monitoring of transports 3 Requirements 3.1 Fundamental requirements Transportation loads shall be measured on the transportation means, and independently of the items
27、to be transported. NOTE Transportation loads depend on technical equipment (e.g. transportation means, handling equipment and conveyers), handling (e.g. topple, throw-down operation and stowing), and environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, sunlight and air pollution), and can evoke str
28、ess on or inside the transported item, which can lead to damage. The type and intensity of the damage depend upon the nature of the goods (e.g. temperature and shock sensitivity) and their packing and therefore can as a rule, only be determined and assessed from isolated cases. To determine the tran
29、sportation capability, more post-laboratory tests are performed, during which standardized transportation loads have to be simulated. 3.2 Location of measuring points To achieve compatibility between different transportation means, the location of the measuring points shall be the interface between
30、the transportation means and the transported item, i.e., as a rule, on the cargo platform. If it can be assured that the transmissibility between load input and location of the measuring points is adequately known and the influence of the package on the measured values is not taken into consideratio
31、n, then instead of the cargo platform a different location of the measuring point (e.g. inside the package) can be chosen for specific transport and handling proceedings. NOTE For the compatibility and generalisation of transportation loads, it is necessary that these are determined independently of
32、 the properties of the cargo, although a dynamic mechanical reaction of the specific transported item onto the oscillatory and shock behaviour cannot be excluded. EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 6 3.3 Source data Dynamic mechanical loads appear as physical events and therefore shall be recorded as force-time or
33、 acceleration-time histories. These data are described as source data as long as they are recorded and stored, before any pre-processing or analysis (e.g. by spectral analysis). NOTE Parties other than those that have performed the measurement should also be able to judge the confidence capability o
34、f the measurements and duplicate the analysis, if necessary with different methods. It is also advantageous to decouple the analyses from the measurements, because transportation for the purpose of measuring is more costly and difficult to repeat than arithmetical analyses. 3.4 Care during data acqu
35、isition and documentation Since other users rely on the confidence capability of the data, the measurements require accurate planning and execution and shall be performed according to EN 15433-2 in order to generally describe the transportation loads for the purpose of introducing them into the stan
36、dards. As transparency of the measurements to non-participating experts is necessary, extensive documentation of the measurements is required. Data shall be used in standards (e.g. standardized load profiles) only when it is assured that the utmost care has been applied to acquire and document the d
37、ata. NOTE Generally the determination of dynamic-mechanical loads is a demanding measurement task, which requires efficient measuring equipment and a correspondingly large amount of know-how from the test manager. Many interferences and error possibilities can falsify the measuring results and there
38、fore lead to incorrect interpretations. 3.5 Measuring report Measurements performed according to this standard shall make use of the measuring reports included in EN 15433-2. Situations other than the ones described in the measuring reports of EN 15433-2 shall be documented accordingly. 3.6 Measurem
39、ent on a transported item Measurements on a transported item are only permissible in case of justifiable exceptions. NOTE Measurements performed directly on a transported item only contain the dynamic behaviour of the measuring chain from the transportation means to the transported item, and therefo
40、re do not necessarily reflect the behaviour of the transportation means. The measurements can only be used for standardisation purposes when the transmission characteristic is known and has been described. 3.7 Data validity check Measured values shall be checked according to EN 15433-3 for their val
41、idity, their capability to be generalized and their applicability. NOTE When measuring and analysing dynamic processes, unnoticed or difficult-to-recognize disturbances or erroneous measurements often occur, which lead to misinterpretations. A data validity check should therefore be performed prior
42、to any data analyses, whereby the measured values should be related to the corresponding physical events, and their plausibility should be ensured. 3.8 Data analysis The analysis of the measured data shall be performed according to EN 15433-4. EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 7 3.9 Derivation of test specificati
43、ons From those measurements performed and analysed in EN 15433-2, EN 15433-3 and EN 15433-4, it is possible to derive corresponding test specifications. For this purpose, EN 15433-5 shall be applied. 3.10 Transportation monitoring with automatic recording equipment Automatic recording equipment, whi
44、ch is usually mounted inside a packed item, shall be selected and applied according to EN 15433-6. NOTE Due to its limited measuring range, recording equipment is not suitable for the continuous acquisition of acceleration-time signals over a lengthy period of time, and the recorded values therefore
45、 can only be used with exceptions for the derivation of test specifications according to EN 15433-5. Furthermore, the equipment is mainly used inside a package and not on the cargo platform. However, it is suitable for recording event-dependent shocks (shock recording), whereby a certain shock load
46、is used as a trigger signal. This makes it possible to survey lengthy transportations in order to detect the shock loads that occur in certain phases of a transport chain. When accordingly documented and judged by a technical body, these measured shock values can be used for standardized load assump
47、tions. EN 15433-1:2007 (E) 8 Bibliography 1 DIN 1319-2 Basic concepts of measurement Concepts for the use of measuring equipment 2 ISO 5348 Mechanical vibration and shock - Mechanical mounting of accelerometers blankBS EN 15433-1:2007BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4ALBSI British Standards Institu
48、tionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.RevisionsBritish Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should
49、make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400.BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the
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