EN 15433-2-2007 en Transportation loads - Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads - Part 2 Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipment《运输载荷 动力机.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 15433-2:2007Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipmentICS 43.160; 55.180.01g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g

2、3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 15433-2:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 56270 9National forewordThis Brit

3、ish Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15433-2:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/0, Packaging.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all th

4、e necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15433-2December 2007IC

5、S 43.160; 01.040.43English VersionTransportation loads - Measurement and evaluation of dynamicmechanical loads - Part 2: Data acquisition and generalrequirements for measuring equipmentCharges de transport - Mesurage et analyse des chargesmcaniques dynamiques - Partie 2 : Acquisition desdonnes et ex

6、igences gnrales pour lquipement demesureTransportbelastungen - Messen und Auswerten vonmechanisch-dynamischen Belastungen - Teil 2:Datenerfassung und allgemeine Anforderungen anMesseinrichtungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 October 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN

7、/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to

8、any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.C

9、EN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swe

10、den, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref

11、. No. EN 15433-2:2007: EEN 15433-2:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions. 5 4 Measurement of dynamic mechanical transportation loads 5 Annex A (normative) Road transport (blank measuring report ). 9 Annex B (normative) In-pla

12、nt transportation (measurement on the transportation means) blank measuring report . 20 Annex C (normative) Storage, handling and in-plant transportation blank measuring report 29 Annex D (normative) Rail transportation (blank measuring report) 40 Annex E (normative) Sea transportation (blank measur

13、ing report) 51 Annex F (normative) Combined transportation. 58 Bibliography . 60 EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15433-2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status

14、 of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

15、patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech

16、Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This standar

17、d was originally prepared by working group NAVp-1.4, Requirements and Testing, of the German Standardization Institute (DIN). It is part of a complete normative concept to acquire and describe the loads acting on goods and influencing them during transport, handling and storage. This standard become

18、s significant when related to the realisation of the European Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (Directive 94/62 EC, 20 December 1994). This directive specifies requirements on the avoidance or reduction of packaging waste, and requires that the amount of packaging material is adjusted to t

19、he expected transportation load, in order to protect the transportation item adequately. However, this presumes some knowledge of the transportation loads occurring during shipment. At present, basic standards, based on scientifically confirmed values, which can adequately describe and characterize

20、the magnitudes of transportation loads, especially in the domain of dynamic mechanical loads do not exist nationally or internationally. Reasons for this are mainly the absence of published data, insufficient description of the measurements or restrictions on the dissemination of this information. T

21、his standard will enable the measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical transportation loads, thus enabling the achievement of standardized and adequately documented load values. This series of standards consists of the following parts: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Data acquisition and

22、 general requirements for measuring equipment Part 3: Data validity check and data editing for evaluation Part 4: Data evaluation Part 5: Derivation of test specifications Part 6: Automatic recording systems for measuring randomly occurring shock during monitoring of transports. EN 15433-2:2007 (E)

23、5 1 Scope This standard specifies requirements for the preparation, performance and documentation of transportation measurements. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. Fo

24、r undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15433-3, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 3: Data validity check and data editing for evaluation EN 15433-4, Transportation loads Measurement and

25、 evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 4: Data evaluation ISO 8002, Mechanical vibrations Land vehicles Method for reporting measured data 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 data acquisition acquisition of raw data by measu

26、ring the load-time function with the aid of a measuring device 3.2 measuring equipment measuring chain consisting of at least a sensor, signal conditioner, data recorder and data-storing device 3.3 source data time function of a viewed stress amplitude, e.g. acceleration, acquired with a measuring d

27、evice, but without analysing same, e.g. by frequency analysis 3.4 measuring report documentation covering the particularities gained during the acquisition of raw data 4 Measurement of dynamic mechanical transportation loads 4.1 General Measurements shall be performed independently of the transporte

28、d item and performed at the site where the load is inserted into the cargo, i.e. as a rule on the cargo platform of the various transportation vehicles. NOTE Exceptions are measurements during storage, handling, and in-plant transportation (see Annex C). 4.2 Fundamental requirements Dynamic mechanic

29、al loads shall whenever possible be acquired and recorded in an unbiased form as source data, i.e. without immediate processing, such as frequency analysis. An immediate EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 6 processing during the measurement is only permissible when the source data is stored together with the measu

30、rement in a separate storage device in such a manner that it is left accessible for further examinations, and if necessary for different processing procedures. NOTE 1 Due to various reasons, experience shows that the acquisition and data analysis of dynamic data can easily be subject to error. As a

31、rule, errors in the analysis can be corrected by reanalysis, whereas errors occurring during data acquisition often demand a costly repetition of the measurements. Separate storage of the raw data ensures that analysis errors or any other analysis procedures do not necessarily require new test drive

32、s. The selection of measuring systems and their specific parameters, e.g. frequency range, shall be done in such a way that the acquired raw data can be analysed universally and reused at any other time. A deliberate limitation of the measurement to a smaller measuring range than one that is possibl

33、e with a justifiable technical effort can lead to faulty analysis and conclusions, and therefore shall be avoided. The measuring system shall comply with the technical state of the art, the relevant specifications and technical rules, e.g. relating to calibration, and shall correspond with the aims

34、of the measuring task. The engineering personnel performing the measurements shall have the necessary knowledge to perform the measurements appropriately and plan and perform the measuring task carefully. All significant circumstances and technical parameters of the measurement are to be recorded in

35、 a measuring report (see 4.4). Deviations from this measuring report shall be justified. NOTE 2 Occasionally, after measurements have been performed, it is necessary to retrace the conditions that occurred during the data acquisition. Only a complete description of the measuring process, as required

36、 by the measuring report, enables the inspection and interpretation of the measurement. Otherwise, the measured data can become invalid. Also, apparently unimportant information, (e.g. a detailed description of the vehicle type) used for the measurement can be of great importance for later interpret

37、ation of the measured data values. 4.3 Preparation of the measurement During the planning stage of the measurement, various aspects shall be considered, in particular the: intended utilisation of the data; selection of the sensors and their number; frequency and amplitude range of the measuring chai

38、n; number of measuring points, their spatial distribution and their axes of measurement; definition of the extent of this measurement, including the selection of the transportation routes and the required test time; consideration and estimation of possible error sources. NOTE In order to reduce expe

39、nsive and time-consuming test drives to a minimum, careful planning of the measurements is necessary. Here one especially has to take into account the ratio between cost and profit, and to compare the total costs of a measuring program with the possible costs that an insufficient data acquisition ca

40、n cause. Data validation and editing, as well as analysis of the measured data, shall be performed according to EN 15433-3 and EN 15433-4, and the presentation of the analysed data shall comply with ISO 8002. 4.4 Measurement The measuring report for each transportation category is defined in a corre

41、sponding annex, as follows: EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 7 road transportation (Annex A); in-plant transportation; measurements on the transportation means (Annex B); storage, handling and in-plant transportation; measurements in/on the packed item (Annex C); rail transportation (Annex D); sea transportation

42、 (Annex E); combined transportation (Annex F). 4.5 Measuring report 4.5.1 General The measuring report shall be set up in the form of a questionnaire in order to achieve uninterrupted, uniform and comparable data. The required statements are explained in 4.5.2 to 4.5.7. 4.5.2 Scope of measuring repo

43、rt The measuring report shall describe the means of transportation for which the data is being required (see e.g. A.1). 4.5.3 General information The name and address of the institution performing the measurements shall be mentioned, as well as the name of the responsible test manager and any furthe

44、r persons attending the measurements. A summary of the test route, as well as the possible duration of the measurement, shall also be given (see e.g. A.2). NOTE The designation of persons present during the test can be helpful for subsequent procedures. 4.5.4 Data transportation means The data trans

45、portation means section shall contain a technical description of the transportation means and its actual condition. These data contain information concerning the goods being transported, load factor, location of load gravity centre and method of restraint (see e.g. A.3). NOTE Experience shows that a

46、nalyses can become useless due to missing information on transportation means. This can lead to a repetition of the test drive, thereby causing considerable additional costs. 4.5.5 Measuring points and measuring chain A detailed description of the location of the measuring points on the transportati

47、on means shall be given, as well as the measuring chain used (see e.g. A.4). NOTE When acquiring data on various means of transportation, numerous parameters need to be considered. Correspondingly, suitable sensors, amplifiers and filters should be selected for the specific measuring task. A complet

48、e listing of technical data of the instruments used is essential to perform a proper analysis and for subsequent procedures. As a rule, these values can be taken from the instrument data sheets. 4.5.6 Performing the measurement Information shall be provided concerning the transportation route, dynam

49、ic particularities and climatic conditions during the measurement (see e.g. A.5). EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 8 4.5.7 Data acquisition Information shall be given concerning the mode of measuring, measuring range, and dynamic range of the measuring chain. Certain aspects of the data acquisition shall be pointed out to the user, e.g. to check the gain (saturated signals are invalid), means of transportation, and frequency range to be analysed, as this defines the required frequency range of the measuring chain (see e.g. A.6). EN 15433