EN 15493-2007 en Candles - Specification for fire safety《蜡烛 防火安全规范》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 15493:2007Candles Specification for fire safetyThe European Standard EN 15493:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 71.100.99; 97.180g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g

2、44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 15493:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 56526 7National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN

3、15493:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee I/-/1, Miscellaneous standards materials and chemicals.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necess

4、ary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15493November 2007ICS 71.100.99E

5、nglish VersionCandles - Specification for fire safetyBougies - Spcification relative la scurit incendie Kerzen - Spezifikation fr die FeuersicherheitThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 September 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipula

6、te the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exist

7、s in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodie

8、s of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEA

9、N COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15493:2007: EEN 15493:2007 (E) 2 C

10、ontents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Safety requirements 6 4.1 Stability .6 4.2 Secondary ignition.7 4.3 Flame height.7 4.4 Behaviour by self-extinguishing at the end of the burning process7 4.5 Re-ignition after extinguishing.7 5 Tes

11、t equipment and apparatus.7 6 Sampling.7 7 Sample preparation .7 8 General test conditions.7 9 Test methods8 9.1 General8 9.2 Stability test8 9.3 Burning test8 9.4 Flame height.9 10 Test report 9 Bibliography 10 EN 15493:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15493:2007) has been prepared by Technica

12、l Committee CEN BT/TF 164 “Candle safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn

13、at the latest by May 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nati

14、onal standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

15、Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 15493:2007 (E) 4 Introduction Candles have accompanied mankind for more than 2 000 years serving above all as a light source. Closely connected to the development history of the candle are the effort

16、s made to improve its quality and its safety in use. Discussions in the past and present over possible self-forming, harmful emissions and fires caused by unsafe candles and/or inappropriate use during the burning of candles have led to consumer concern for these issues. This European Standard helps

17、 to ensure a reasonable degree of safety during use, thereby improving personal safety and reducing the risk of fires, deaths and injuries. EN 15493:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candles intended to be burned indoors. 2 Norma

18、tive references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15494:2007, Candles - Candles

19、- Product safety labels 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 base material intended fuel source for candle flame 3.2 burning period time the candle burns from initial being lit until it is extinguished 3.3 burn test cycle

20、total time of a burning period and pause 3.4 candle one or more combustible wicks supported by a material that constitutes a fuel, which is solid, semisolid or quasi-rigid at room temperature (20 C to 27 C) NOTE 1 It can also contain additives, which are used for colour, odour, stability, or to modi

21、fy the burning characteristics; the combined function of which is to sustain a light-producing flame. NOTE 2 Including candles with decoration attached to or contained within the candle. 3.5 container candle candle which is produced in and will be burned in a container 3.6 flame height base of the f

22、lame to the top of the flame NOTE See Figure 1. EN 15493:2007 (E) 6 Figure 1 Flame height 3.7 free-standing candle candle that is designed to be used without a supporting holder 3.8 molten fuel pool portion of the wax or fuel pool of a candle that is in liquid form when the candle is burning 3.9 re-

23、ignition self-ignition of the wick after it has been extinguished 3.10 secondary ignition self-sustained flame other than that on the intended wick(s), including flash over where the base materials vapours ignite over the molten fuel pool 3.11 self-sustained flame flame that continues to burn until

24、the fuel source is removed or depleted or requires manual extinguishing 3.12 tea light cylindrical candle that is burned up in a container which may be suitable to keep vessels containing coffee, tea or other liquids warm, by using a warming stove NOTE 1 Typical dimensions of a tea light are 38 mm i

25、n diameter and 15 in mm height. NOTE 2 A tea light container can be made from metal, glass or plastic. 3.13 wax crystalline, plastic solid or semi-solid material at 25 C consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons and/or hydrocarbon derivatives NOTE Wax melts typically at temperatures equal to or greate

26、r than 40 C and becomes a low viscosity liquid. Waxes may be of mineral (particularly petroleum), vegetable, animal (including insect), or synthetic origin. 3.14 wick object that delivers fuel to a flame through the process of capillary action 4 Safety requirements 4.1 Stability Free-standing candle

27、s shall not tip over when tested on a slope of 10 according to 9.2. EN 15493:2007 (E) 7 4.2 Secondary ignition No secondary ignition shall occur for more than 10 s, when the candle is burned according to 9.3. NOTE Wick remaining in the molten fuel pool is considered as a potential source for seconda

28、ry ignition. 4.3 Flame height The flame height for all candle types, except tea lights, shall not exceed 75 mm. The flame height for tea lights shall not exceed 30 mm. Test method see 9.4. NOTE The natural tendency of a candle is for the flame height to vary during the burn life. The maximum allowab

29、le flame height requirement in this standard takes into account such variation and anticipates that manufacturers will design candles to ensure that they remain below the maximum flame height requirement throughout the burning. Furthermore, the manufacturer should determine the appropriate lower fla

30、me height for optimum performance for individual candle types. 4.4 Behaviour by self-extinguishing at the end of the burning process Container candles and candles marketed as self-extinguishing shall, at the end of the burning time, self extinguish and, in the case of container candles, not cause th

31、e container to break. 4.5 Re-ignition after extinguishing The wick shall not continue to glow or smoke for more than 20 s after extinguishing. After extinguishing the candle shall not spontaneously re-light. For the test method see to 9.3. 5 Test equipment and apparatus 5.1 Incline plane (fixed or a

32、djustable) with an angle of (10 0,2) from a horizontal level. 5.2 Measuring device, non flammable with millimetre grading. 5.3 Candle extinguisher, type “snuffer”. 6 Sampling The test shall be carried out on finished candles representative of those intended to be supplied commercially. For the test

33、result to represent a specific candle type, a minimum of 3 samples shall be tested. 7 Sample preparation Remove any outer wrapping and label material and prepare the sample for use according to the manufacturers instructions, if any given, e.g. trim the wick. For identification of the sample, measur

34、e the dimension and the mass of the candle. The temperature of the sample shall be (20 5) C before the test is started. 8 General test conditions The room temperature at which the burning test is to take place shall be (20 5) C. The room shall be draught free. If during the test the temperature is o

35、utside the range, the maximum and/or minimum temperature shall be recorded in the test report. EN 15493:2007 (E) 8 For testing of floating candles, the temperature of the water shall be (20 5) C when the test is started. NOTE Draught free means that a candle burns without noticeable disturbance of t

36、he flame. If the flame is flickering this can be verified using a reference candle such as a paraffin with a diameter of 22 mm. If this candle also flickers there is a draught, if not then it is flickering due to the candle design or quality. 9 Test methods 9.1 General In the case of candle designs

37、not catered for in the test procedures, the test should be carried out as far as possible as described and deviations from the test procedure shall be recorded in the test report. 9.2 Stability test Place the prepared, unlit candle on an incline plane (5.1) in the orientation most likely to cause ti

38、pping at (10 0,2) from level. Rotation around the candles vertical axis may be necessary to determine the stability of an asymmetrical candle. 9.3 Burning test Follow the instructions for use, if any. If no instructions are given, the following shall apply: Place each candle in an upright position o

39、n a heat resistant, non flammable surface. Non free-standing candles are placed in a suitable candleholder which does not affect the burning property of the candle. Free-standing candles are placed on a surface that does not affect the burning property. Floating candles are placed in a suitable bowl

40、 filled with water. When testing multiple samples all candles, except for floating candles, shall be separated by the distance specified by the manufacturers instructions, see EN 15494:2007, Figure 3 (edge to edge). The specified distance between samples does not apply to floating candles. Position

41、the wick in an upright position and light the candle without contaminating the candle by the ignition source. Burn the candles according to the burn test cycle specified in Table 1. Use a candle extinguisher (5.3) to extinguish candles. Table 1 Burn test cycles Type of candle Burn test cycle Floatin

42、g candles, container candles and candles marketed as self-extinguishing with a mass below 40 g (including tea lights) Burn candle continuously until self-extinguishing. Floating candles and container candles with a mass above 40 g Burn candle 4 h, pause for minimum 1 h. Continue to burn in cycles un

43、til self- extinguishing. Candles with a mass below 40 g (excluding floating candles and container candles) Burn candle continuously until a residual height of 10 mm. Candles with a mass above 40 g (excluding floating candles and container candles) Burn candle 4 h, pause for minimum 1 h. Continue to

44、burn in cycles until a residual height of 20 mm. EN 15493:2007 (E) 9 Visual observations are made 5 min after ignition, at least at hourly intervals throughout the burning period, at extinguishing and self-extinguishing, when applicable. 9.4 Flame height The flame height (whole visible part of the f

45、lame, see 3.6) is measured and recorded 5 min after ignition and before extinguishing in each burning period. If the flame appears to approach the maximum allowable flame height at other times, it shall also be measured and recorded. For candles with a total burning time less than one specified burn

46、ing period, the flame height is measured and recorded at least twice. NOTE In a burning period where a candle is burning until self-extinguishing, the flame height will gradually become lower as the fuel source becomes depleted. This behaviour is to be considered when time for measuring the flame he

47、ight, before end of life, is defined for this type of candle. 10 Test report The test report serves to identify the tested candle and to record the test results. The test report shall include the following details: a) reference to the number and year of publication of this European Standard (EN 1534

48、6:2007); b) details of the test sample (e. g. identification, dimensions, mass); c) any defects identified during sample preparation; d) test results according to this European Standard; e) details of any deviation from this European Standard; f) name and address of the test facility; g) date of the

49、 test. EN 15493:2007 (E) 10 Bibliography 1 EN 15426, Candles - Specification for sooting behaviour blankBS EN 15493:2007BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4ALBSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.RevisionsBritish Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or edi