1、BS EN 15512:2009ICS 53.080NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDSteel static storagesystems Adjustablepallet racking systems Principles forstructural designThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Com
2、mittee on 31 October 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 57183 1Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15512:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15512:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/8, Steel
3、 shelving, bins and lockers.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish BS EN 15512 as aBritish Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that duringthe development of this European Standard,
4、the UK committee votedagainst its approval as a European Standard.The UK committee considers that this standard is too complex overall for use by the small and medium sized enterprises that make up the majority of UK suppliers of this material. In addition, the UK committee would like users to be aw
5、are that the sway imperfection formula (see Subclause 5.3.2) originates from the structural steel industry where tolerances are much lower than those routinely achieved in the mirror industry, and where a typical building comprises of three or four levels and ten or so bays, as compared to structure
6、s in the mirror industry which normally have more levels and certainly many more baysThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligati
7、ons.BS EN 15512:2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15512March 2009ICS 53.080English VersionSteel static storage systems - Adjustable pallet racking systems- Principles for structural designSystmes de stockage statiques en acier - Systmes derayonnages palettes rglables - Principes
8、applicables aucalcul des structuresOrtsfeste Regalsysteme aus Stahl - VerstellbarePalettenregale - Grundlagen der statischen BemessungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 January 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions
9、 for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three offici
10、al versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Bel
11、gium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR S
12、TANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15512:2009: EBS EN 15512:2009EN 15512:2009 (E) 2 Cont
13、ents Page Foreword 6 Introduction .7 1 Scope 9 2 Normative references 9 3 Terms and definitions 10 4 Symbols . 11 5 Basis of design . 15 5.1 Requirements 15 5.1.1 Basic requirements. 15 5.1.2 Un-braced racking systems . 15 5.1.3 Braced racking systems 17 5.1.4 Design working life . 19 5.1.5 Floor to
14、lerances and deformations. 19 5.2 Methods of design 19 5.2.1 General . 19 5.2.2 Ultimate limit state 19 5.2.3 Serviceability limit state . 20 5.3 Imperfections 20 5.3.1 General . 20 5.3.2 Sway frame imperfections in un-braced systems . 20 5.3.3 Bracing system imperfections 21 5.3.4 Imperfections in
15、racks partially braced in the down-aisle direction . 23 5.3.5 Member imperfections . 23 6 Actions and combinations of actions . 23 6.1 General . 23 6.2 Permanent actions 24 6.2.1 General . 24 6.2.2 Weights of materials and construction 24 6.3 Variable actions 24 6.3.1 General . 24 6.3.2 Unit loads t
16、o be stored . 24 6.3.3 Vertical placement loads 25 6.3.4 Horizontal placement loads . 26 6.3.5 Effects of rack-guided equipment . 27 6.3.6 Floor and walkway loads (see also EN 1991-1-1) 29 6.3.7 Actions arising from installation . 30 6.4 Actions due to impact (accidental loads) . 30 6.4.1 General .
17、30 6.4.2 Accidental vertical actions 30 6.4.3 Accidental horizontal load . 31 6.5 Wind loads . 31 6.6 Snow loads 31 6.7 Seismic actions . 32 7 Partial factors and combination rules 32 7.1 General . 32 7.2 Combinations of actions for the ultimate limit state . 32 7.3 Combination of actions for servic
18、eability limit states 32 7.4 Load factors 33 BS EN 15512:2009EN 15512:2009 (E) 3 7.5 Material factors 34 7.6 Stability against overturning 34 7.7 Racks braced against the building structure . 35 8 Steel 35 8.1 General . 35 8.1.1 Preliminary considerations 35 8.1.2 Material properties 35 8.1.3 Design
19、 values of material coefficients (general mechanical properties) 35 8.1.4 Steels with no guaranteed mechanical properties 36 8.1.5 Untested steels 36 8.2 Average yield strength of sections 36 8.3 Special selection of production material 36 8.4 Fracture toughness . 37 8.5 Dimensional tolerances 37 8.
20、5.1 General . 37 8.5.2 Thickness of material 37 8.5.3 Tolerances on thickness. 37 8.5.4 Width and depth of a cold-formed section . 37 8.5.5 Member straightness 38 8.5.6 Twist 38 8.5.7 Tolerances with regard to design and assembly . 38 8.6 Bracing eccentricities . 39 8.7 Eccentricities between beams
21、and uprights 40 8.8 Requirements for beam connector locks 41 8.9 Durability 41 9 Structural analysis 41 9.1 Structural modelling for analysis and basic assumption . 41 9.2 Calculation of section properties 41 9.2.1 General . 41 9.2.2 Effect of corner radii . 42 9.2.3 Effect of perforations 42 9.2.4
22、Effect of cross-section distortion 43 9.2.5 Effect of local buckling . 44 9.3 Beams . 45 9.3.1 General . 45 9.3.2 Moment of resistance of members not subject to lateral-torsional buckling . 46 9.4 Design of beams 46 9.4.1 General . 46 9.4.2 Loads on beams 47 9.4.3 Design bending moments for beams 47
23、 9.4.4 Design shear force for beams 49 9.4.5 Deflection of beams 49 9.4.6 Beams as tie beams in braced pallet racks 50 9.4.7 Design resistance with respect to web crippling . 51 9.4.8 Design resistance with respect to shear forces . 51 9.4.9 Combined shear force, axial force and bending moment . 51
24、9.4.10 Combined bending moment and web crippling . 51 9.5 Design of beam end connectors 51 9.5.1 General . 51 9.5.2 Design bending moments in beam end connectors 51 9.5.3 Design shear force for beam end connectors 52 9.5.4 Design shear force and bending moment for beam end connectors 52 9.6 Beams su
25、bject to bending and torsion . 52 9.6.1 General . 52 9.6.2 Lateral torsional buckling of beams 53 9.7 Compression, tension and bending in members . 54 9.7.1 Non-perforated compression members 54 9.7.2 Perforated compression members 54 BS EN 15512:2009EN 15512:2009 (E) 4 9.7.3 Cross sectional verific
26、ation . 55 9.7.4 Design strength with respect to flexural buckling 55 9.7.5 Torsional and flexural-torsional buckling 62 9.7.6 Combined bending and axial loading . 64 9.8 Design of splices 68 9.9 Design of base plates . 69 9.9.1 General . 69 9.9.2 Effective area Abas for base plates . 69 9.10 Floor
27、materials 70 9.10.1 Concrete floors . 70 9.10.2 Bituminous floors . 70 9.10.3 Other floor materials 71 9.10.4 Design of anchorages 71 9.11 Design of run spacers 72 10 Global analysis of beam pallet racks 72 10.1 General considerations 72 10.1.1 General . 72 10.1.2 Two dimensional analysis . 73 10.1.
28、3 Advanced three-dimensional analysis . 73 10.2 Design procedure . 73 10.2.1 Actions . 73 10.2.2 Procedure 73 10.2.3 Analysis of braced and un-braced racks in the down-aisle direction . 76 10.2.4 Moment-rotation characteristics of beam end connectors 78 10.2.5 Moment-rotation characteristics of the
29、connection to the floor 78 10.3 Analysis of braced and un-braced racks in the cross-aisle direction . 79 10.3.1 General . 79 10.3.2 Out of plane stability 79 10.3.3 Frame classification . 79 10.4 Methods of global analysis 81 10.5 Simplified methods of analysis for stability in the cross-aisle direc
30、tion 83 10.6 Design of uprights 83 10.6.1 General . 83 10.6.2 Design axial forces and bending moments . 83 11 Serviceability limit states . 83 11.1 General . 83 11.2 Serviceability limit states for racking . 83 12 Marking and labelling . 84 12.1 Identification of performance of rack installations .
31、84 13 Test methods and evaluation of results . 84 13.1 General . 84 13.2 Requirements for tests . 85 13.2.1 Equipment . 85 13.2.2 Support conditions . 85 13.2.3 Application of the load . 86 13.2.4 Increments of the test load 86 13.2.5 Assembly of test specimens . 86 13.2.6 Test reports . 86 13.3 Int
32、erpretation of test results 87 13.3.1 Definition of failure load . 87 13.3.2 Corrections to test results . 87 13.3.3 Derivation of characteristic values . 87 13.3.4 Characteristic values for a family of tests . 88 13.3.5 Corrections to failure loads or moments . 89 Annex A (normative) Testing 90 A.1
33、 Materials tests . 90 A.1.1 Tensile test 90 BS EN 15512:2009EN 15512:2009 (E) 5 A.1.2 Bend tests 90 A.2 Tests on components and connections 91 A.2.1 Stub column compression test 91 A.2.2 Compression tests on uprights - Checks for the effects of distortional buckling . 93 A.2.3 Compression tests on u
34、prights - Determination of buckling curves . 94 A.2.4 Bending tests on beam end connectors . 98 A.2.5 Looseness tests on beam end connectors. 104 A.2.6 Shear tests on beam end connectors and connector locks . 106 A.2.7 Tests on floor connections. 108 A.2.8 Tests for the shear stiffness of upright fr
35、ames 111 A.2.9 Bending tests on upright sections 113 A.2.10 Bending tests on beams . 115 A.2.11 Tests on upright splices . 116 Annex B (informative) Amplified sway method for down-aisle stability analysis 119 B.1 General . 119 B.2 Linear elastic analysis 120 B.3 Elastic critical value 120 B.4 Amplif
36、ication factor . 120 Annex C (informative) Approximate equations for the design of a regular storage rack in the down-aisle direction 121 C.1 Approximate equation for regular construction 121 C.2 Additional bending moments due to pattern loading 123 C.3 Design Moments 123 C.4 Design loads in outer c
37、olumns 124 Annex D (informative) Background to the acceptance of materials of low fu/fyratio (cold reduced steel) . 125 Annex E (informative) Position inaccuracies . 126 Annex F (informative) Equivalent beam loads . 127 Annex G (informative) Simplified method for cross-aisle stability analysis in ci
38、rcumstances where there is uniform distribution of compartment loads over the height of the upright frame . 129 G.1 General . 129 G.2 Global buckling of upright frames . 129 G.3 Shear stiffness of upright frame 130 G.4 Amplification factor 130 Annex H (informative) Factory production control (FPC) .
39、 133 H.1 General . 133 H.2 Frequency of tests . 133 H.3 Bending tests on beam end connectors . 133 H.4 Bend tests 134 Annex I (informative) Adeviations . 135 I.1 Dutch national legislative deviations 135 I.2 German national legislative deviations . 135 Bibliography 137 BS EN 15512:2009EN 15512:2009
40、(E) 6 Foreword This document (EN 15512:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 344 “Steel static storage systems”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsem
41、ent, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for iden
42、tifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gre
43、ece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15512:2009EN 15512:2009 (E) 7 Introduction 0.1 Racking Racking systems are load bearing structures
44、 for the storage and retrieval of goods in warehouses. The goods to be stored are generally on pallets or in box-containers. Racking is constructed from steel components including upright frames, beams and decking. Special beam to column (upright) connections and bracing systems are utilised, in ord
45、er to achieve a three dimensional steel sway or braced structure with “aisles” to enable order pickers, industrial trucks or stacker cranes to reach the storage positions. Although components are standardised they are only standard to each manufacturer. These components differ from traditional colum
46、n and beam structures in the following regard. 1) Continuous perforated uprights. 2) Hook-in connections. 3) Structural components for racking generally consist of cold formed thin gauge members. 0.2 Requirement for EN Standards for racking and shelving in addition to the Eurocodes Because of the di
47、fferences in shape of structural components, detailing and connection types additional technical information to the Eurocodes are required, in order to have reliable state of the art guidance for the practicing designer involved in designing racking. The scope of CEN/TC 344 is to establish European
48、Standards providing guidance for the specification, design, methods of installation, accuracy of build and guidance for the user on the safe use of steel static storage systems. This, together with the need for harmonised design rules was the reason that the European Racking Federation ERF / FEM Rac
49、king and Shelving has taken the initiative for CEN/TC 344. CEN/TC 344 is in the course of preparation of a number of European Standards for specific types of racking and shelving and particular applications which exist as European Standards (EN) and working group activities (WG) as follows: EN 15512: Steel static storage systems - Adjustable pallet racking systems - Principles for structural design. EN 15620: Steel static storage systems - Adjustable pallet racking - Tolerances, deformations and clearances. EN 15629: Steel static storage systems - The specifica
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