1、BS EN 15610:2009ICS 17.140.30; 93.100NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDRailway applications Noise emission Rail roughnessmeasurement relatedto rolling noisegenerationThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and S
2、trategyCommittee on 30 June2009. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 57984 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15610:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15610:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/1/
3、2, Transport noise.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot conf
4、er immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 15610:2009EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15610 May 2009 ICS 17.140.30; 93.100 English Version Railway applications - Noise emission - Rail roughness measurement related to rolling noise generation Applications ferroviaires - Bruit lmissio
5、n - Mesurage de la rugosit des rails relative la gnration du bruit de roulement Bahnanwendungen - Geruschemission - Messung der Schienenrauheit im Hinblick auf die Entstehung von Rollgerusch This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CEN
6、ELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to an
7、y CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
8、 CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
9、 Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Memb
10、ers. Ref. No. EN 15610:2009: EBS EN 15610:2009EN 15610:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Symbols 8 5 Measuring system requirements 8 5.1 General 8 5.2 Accuracy of the output signal 8 5.3 Dimensions of the probe .8 5.4 Tracking of the
11、probe 9 5.5 Sampling interval .9 5.6 Record length .9 6 Data acquisition .9 6.1 General 9 6.2 Test section requirements 9 6.2.1 Track structure .9 6.2.2 Localized geometric features .9 6.3 Reference surface choice .9 6.4 Data sampling . 11 6.4.1 General . 11 6.4.2 Longitudinal sampling . 11 6.4.3 La
12、teral sampling . 11 6.5 Preparation of the rail head surface . 12 6.6 Acoustic roughness acquisition . 12 7 Data processing 12 7.1 Principle . 12 7.2 Spike removal technique . 12 7.3 Curvature processing . 13 7.4 Spectral analysis. 14 7.4.1 Method A: Fourier analysis 14 7.4.2 Method B: digital filte
13、ring 15 7.5 Procedure for extending the wavelength range 15 7.6 Averaging process 15 8 Acceptance criteria . 15 9 Presentation of the data . 15 10 Report 16 Annex A (informative) Examples of rail defects 17 Annex B (informative) Example of program code to implement acoustic roughness processing 19 B
14、.1 Purpose 19 B.2 Conditions of use 19 B.3 List of Matlab program files . 19 B.4 Input data file requirements . 19 B.5 Processing options. 20 B.6 Spectral analysis. 20 B.7 1/3 octave reporting 20 B.8 Output 20 BS EN 15610:2009EN 15610:2009 (E) 3 B.9 Listing . 21 B.9.1 file RoughProcess.m . 21 B.9.2
15、21 B.9.3 file ruw_curve_rp.m . 27 B.9.4 file noct_rp.m . 28 Annex C (normative) Algorithm used to synthesize a one-third octave band spectrum from a corresponding narrow band spectrum . 31 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directi
16、ve EU 2008/57/EC . 32 Bibliography 34 BS EN 15610:2009EN 15610:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15610:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standar
17、d, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
18、 CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directives 2001/16/EC, 96/48/EC
19、and 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belg
20、ium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15610:2009EN
21、 15610:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard specifies a direct method for characterizing the surface roughness of the rail associated with rolling noise (“acoustic roughness“), in the form of a one-third octave band spectrum. This standard describes a method for: a) selecting measuring posi
22、tions; b) data acquisition; c) measurement data processing in order to estimate a set of one-third octave band roughness spectra; d) presentation of this estimate for comparison with limits of acoustic roughness; e) comparison with a given upper limit in terms of a one-third octave band wavelength s
23、pectrum. 1.2 It is applicable to the: a) performance testing of reference track sections for the measurement, within a period of three months before or after roughness characterization, of noise emitted by railway vehicles for acceptance testing purposes; b) acceptance of the rail surface condition
24、only in the case where the result of the direct measurement of the acoustic roughness is regarded as an established acceptance criterion. 1.3 It is not applicable to the: a) measurement of rail roughness using an indirect method; b) measurement of combined wheel-rail roughness; c) analysis of the ef
25、fect of wheel-rail interaction, such as a “contact filter”; d) approval of rail reprofiling, including rail grinding operations, except for those where the acoustic roughness (and not the level of corrugation) is an established approval criterion; e) characterization of track geometry. Testing and a
26、pproval of measuring apparatus are not part of the scope of this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referen
27、ced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 61260, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters (IEC 61260:1995) EN ISO 266, Acoustics Preferred frequencies (ISO 266:1997) BS EN 15610:2009EN 15610:2009 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the fo
28、llowing terms and definitions apply. 3.1 acoustic roughness r(x) variation in the height of the rail running surface associated with rolling noise excitation expressed as a function of distance x along the rail 3.2 acoustic roughness spectrum )(r amplitude of the acoustic roughness expressed as a fu
29、nction of the wavelength 3.3 acoustic roughness level Lrlevel expressed in decibels, given by the following equation: =202rrlog10RMSrL (1) where: Lris the acoustic roughness level in dB, rRMSis the root mean square roughness in m, r0is the reference roughness; r0= 1 m. NOTE This definition applies t
30、o values measured either in the form of a wavelength spectrum, or for a specific wavelength band. 3.4 corrugation periodic wear pattern of the rail running surface 3.5 direct roughness measurement method refers to an acoustic roughness measurement method for which the transducer has to be applied di
31、rectly to the rail surface so that the rail roughness is measured independently of the wheel running surface roughness and independently of any effect of wheel-rail interaction 3.6 indirect roughness measurement method refers to an acoustic roughness measurement method that measures a quantity that
32、is the result of wheel-rail interaction, such as noise, rail or axle box vibration, whereby the original excitation by the combined wheel and rail roughness is inferred 3.7 test section specific section of track associated with a particular set of measurements BS EN 15610:2009EN 15610:2009 (E) 7 3.8
33、 running band bright surface of the rail head that contains all the running positions of the wheel-rail contact, associated with current traffic 3.9 reference surface surface of the rail head, within the running band, that is chosen for the acoustic roughness assessment 3.10 reference length dimensi
34、on of the reference surface in the longitudinal rail direction 3.11 reference width wrefdimension of the reference surface across the rail Figure 1 shows an example of some of the defined terms: Key c running band d reference surface e partially conditioned surface Figure 1 Example showing defined p
35、arameters BS EN 15610:2009EN 15610:2009 (E) 8 4 Symbols C(x): circular curve of radius 0.375 m used for the acoustic roughness processing; dref: position, relative to the outer surface of the rail head, of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the reference surface; h: height of a spike; Lr: acoustic
36、 roughness level; r(x): acoustic roughness function; r(x): acoustic roughness function processed with the spike removal and curvature algorithm; w: width of a spike; wref: width of the reference surface; x: variable of the distance along the rail; xi: particular position along the rail; z: mean valu
37、e of height over a given interval; )(r : discrete Fourier Transform of r(x); : wavelength. 5 Measuring system requirements 5.1 General Regardless of the fact that this European Standard does not specify any measuring system evaluation or approval, the requirements of the measuring system are defined
38、. This is done solely in terms of output data and parameters relevant to the output data. The following measuring system requirements apply. 5.2 Accuracy of the output signal The measuring system shall be capable of making valid measurements in the wavelength range and at the relevant acoustic rough
39、ness levels for the test site being characterized. However, where it is required simply to show that the estimated acoustic roughness does not exceed a given upper limit, the measuring system shall effect valid measurements for one-third octave band acoustic roughness levels equal to or greater than
40、 this limit. This case applies particularly for test section approval. 5.3 Dimensions of the probe If a contact probe is used, the probe tip shall be spherical and its radius shall not exceed 7 mm. In the case of a non-contacting sensor, its effective width shall be less than the sampling interval.
41、BS EN 15610:2009EN 15610:2009 (E) 9 5.4 Tracking of the probe The measuring system probe shall follow a line on the rail head parallel to the field (outer) face of the rail head, with a tolerance of 1 mm. 5.5 Sampling interval The measuring system shall provide data with a sampling interval less tha
42、n or equal to 1 mm. 5.6 Record length The system shall provide records of length 1 m. 6 Data acquisition 6.1 General The aim of the data acquisition procedure is to obtain digitized records of the acoustic roughness of the two rails in the test section measured at a sufficiently high sampling rate p
43、er unit of length of rail, and with a record length sufficient to derive from it the acoustic roughness spectrum. Record lengths of at least 1 m are required to estimate the acoustic roughness spectrum covering the wavelength range up to the 0,25 m one-third octave band. NOTE To attain wavelengths g
44、reater than 0,25 m, records longer than those specified in this subclause should be obtained. 6.2 Test section requirements 6.2.1 Track structure The track structure shall be constant along the test section, at least in terms of the following parameters: rail cross-section, rail inclination and rail
45、 supporting structure. In the case of a ballasted track, the rail supporting structure parameters are: the rail pad type, the rail fasteners, the sleeper type, the sleeper spacing and the ballast. NOTE If the track structure changes, separate test sections should be defined and the acoustic roughnes
46、s of each should be assessed and presented. 6.2.2 Localized geometric features From the strict point of view of acoustic roughness data acquisition, there is no specific requirement for the test section. However, the rail along the test section may contain localized geometrical features (e.g.: rail
47、defects, wheel burns, etc.), that should not be included in the assessment of the acoustic roughness related to the generation of rolling noise. NOTE The localized rail defects are not significant in the assessment of the acoustic roughness related to the rolling noise component. 6.3 Reference surfa
48、ce choice 6.3.1 General The acoustic roughness of the test section shall be assessed over a reference surface. The reference surface is specified, inside the running band, as follows: BS EN 15610:2009EN 15610:2009 (E) 10 a) length along the rail; b) transverse width wref, c) relative distance drefto
49、 the field face of the rail. 6.3.2 Cases It is the responsibility of the measurement team to define the length, width and position of the reference surface of the two rails and to justify its decision. Where the acoustic rail roughness measurement is required for rolling stock type acceptance testing, any of the three following cases for that justification shall be used: a) Case 1: the running band on the rail head is clear visually and it is known that this running band is
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