1、BS EN 15843:2010ICS 13.060.45NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDWater quality Guidance standard ondetermining the degreeof modification of riverhydromorphologyThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyC
2、ommittee on 28 February2010. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 63152 8Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15843:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15843:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/3/5, B
3、iological Methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confe
4、r immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 15843:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15843 January 2010 ICS 13.060.45 English Version Water quality - Guidance standard on determining the degree of modification of river hydromorphology Qualit de leau - Guide pour la dtermination du d
5、egr de modification de lhydromorphologie des rivires Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Beurteilung von Vernderungen der hydromorphologischen Eigenschaften von Fliegewssern This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 November 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal
6、 Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
7、 This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members
8、are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swe
9、den, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
10、 Ref. No. EN 15843:2010: EBS EN 15843:2010EN 15843:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principle 95 Determining the hydromorphological modifications of rivers 96 Interpreting and reporting hydromorphological modifications . 1
11、1Annex A (normative) Characterization of river modification based on hydromorphological features 13Annex B (informative) Some key points in the development of this European Standard 23BS EN 15843:2010EN 15843:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15843:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee
12、CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
13、 by July 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. WARNING Safety issues are paramount when surveying rivers. Surveyors sh
14、ould conform to EU and national Health and Safety legislation, and any additional guidelines appropriate for working in or near rivers. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Au
15、stria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom
16、. BS EN 15843:2010EN 15843:2010 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard will enable broad comparisons to be made of river hydromorphological modifications throughout Europe (e.g. for reporting by the European Environment Agency). The assessment of river “quality“ in Europe has evolved over the pas
17、t 20 years. From its original focus on organic pollution it now relies on methods for analysing a range of chemical and biological attributes. More recently, several European countries have developed systems for evaluating the hydromorphological features of rivers. The EC Water Framework Directive (
18、WFD) has reinforced the need for this broader view of river “quality“ through its requirement for determining “ecological status“ based on macrophytes, phytobenthos, invertebrates and fish. The Directive also requires that hydromorphological and physico-chemical conditions should be suitable for sup
19、porting biological communities, although hydromorphology is only classified at high status. EN 14614, Water Quality Guidance standard for assessing the hydromorphological features of rivers describes a protocol for field survey and feature recording, whereas this standard gives guidance on assessing
20、 the modification of river hydromorphological features. It focuses especially on human pressures that affect rivers; thus, it may be helpful for implementing the WFD by indicating the extent to which these pressures might have caused a departure from hydromorphological reference conditions. Although
21、 the procedure described in this standard enables the hydromorphological characterization of rivers, it does not attempt either to describe methods for defining high status for hydromorphology under the WFD or to link broadscale hydromorphological classification to assessments of ecological status.
22、In addition to its relevance to the WFD, this standard has applications also for nature conservation, environmental impact assessment, river basin management, flood risk assessment (e.g. the EC Floods Directive) and setting targets for river restoration work. BS EN 15843:2010EN 15843:2010 (E) 5 1 Sc
23、ope This European Standard provides guidance on characterizing the modifications of river hydromorphological features described in EN 14614. Both standards focus more on morphology than on hydrology and continuity, and on lateral and longitudinal continuity rather than on vertical continuity which i
24、s difficult to measure. This standard will enable consistent comparisons of hydromorphology between rivers within a country and between different countries in Europe, providing a method for broad-based characterization across a wide spectrum of hydromorphological modification of river channels, bank
25、s, riparian zones and floodplains. Its primary aim is to assess “departure from naturalness“ as a result of human pressures on river hydromorphology, and it suggests suitable sources of information (see Table A.1) which may contribute to characterizing the modification of hydromorphological features
26、. In doing so, it does not replace methods that have been developed for local assessment and reporting. Decisions on river management for individual reaches or catchments require expert local knowledge and vary according to river type. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are in
27、dispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14614, Water quality Guidance standard for assessing the hydromorphological features of
28、 rivers 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 aquatic macrophytes larger plants of fresh water which are easily seen with the naked eye, including all aquatic vascular plants, bryophytes, stoneworts (Characeae) and macro-algal growt
29、hs NOTE This definition includes plants associated with open water or wetlands with shallow water. EN 14614:2004, 2.1 3.2 attribute specific recorded element of a hydromorphological feature (e.g. “boulders“ and “silt“ are substrate attributes; “sheet piling“ and “gabions“ are attributes of engineere
30、d banks) EN 14614:2004, 2.2 3.3 bank permanent side of a river or island, which is above the normal water level and only submerged during periods of high river flow EN 14614:2004, 2.4 NOTE In the context of this European Standard, the top is marked by the first major break in slope, above which cult
31、ivation or development is possible. BS EN 15843:2010EN 15843:2010 (E) 6 3.4 berm natural or artificial shelf within a river that is exposed above water level during low flows, but is submerged during high flows EN 14614:2004, 2.6 3.5 bog wetland, fed by atmospheric precipitation, in which the vegeta
32、tion communities (frequently dominated by Sphagnum mosses) form peat over long periods of time EN 14614:2004, 2.7 3.6 braiding course of a river naturally divided by deposited sediment accumulations, characterised by at least two channels which often change their course regularly EN 14614:2004, 2.8
33、3.7 compaction consolidation of the river bed through physical, chemical or biological processes EN 14614:2004, 2.10 3.8 culvert arched, enclosed or piped structure constructed to carry water under roads, railways and buildings 3.9 ecological status expression of the quality of the structure and fun
34、ctioning of aquatic ecosystems, expressed by comparing the prevailing conditions with reference conditions NOTE As classified in accordance with Annex V of the EC Water Framework Directive. EN 14614:2004, 2.12 3.10 floodplain valley floor adjacent to a river that is (or was historically) inundated p
35、eriodically by flood waters EN 14614:2004, 2.14 3.11 gabion wire basket containing stones, used for river-bed or bank protection EN 14614:2004, 2.16 3.12 hard materials/engineering bank protection using artificial materials such as concrete, sheet piling or bricks NOTE See “soft materials“. BS EN 15
36、843:2010EN 15843:2010 (E) 7 3.13 hydromorphology physical and hydrological characteristics of rivers including the underlying processes from which they result EN 14614:2004, 2.18 3.14 hydro-peaking rapid and frequent fluctuations in flow resulting from hydropower generation to meet peak demands in e
37、lectricity 3.15 lateral connectivity freedom for water to move between the channel and the floodplain EN 14614:2004, 2.19 3.16 lateral movement freedom for a river channel to move across a floodplain EN 14614:2004, 2.20 3.17 planform view of river pattern from above (e.g. sinuous, straight) EN 14614
38、:2004, 2.22 3.18 reach major sub-division of a river, defined by physical, hydrological, and chemical character that distinguishes it from other parts of the river system upstream and downstream EN 14614:2004, 2.25 3.19 reference conditions conditions representing a totally undisturbed state, lackin
39、g human impact, or near-natural with only minor evidence of distortion NOTE For waters not designated as heavily modified or artificial, synonymous with “high ecological status“ in the Water Framework Directive. EN 14614:2004, 2.26 3.20 regrading river widening and deepening and modifying the bed an
40、d bank profiles to accommodate increased flows 3.21 reinforcement strengthening of river beds and banks for various purposes (e.g. ford construction, erosion control) using materials such as boulders, sheet piling, geotextiles, etc. 3.22 residual flow flow remaining in a river after abstraction (e.g
41、. for hydropower generation, water supply, etc.) BS EN 15843:2010EN 15843:2010 (E) 8 NOTE A minimum residual flow may be set to protect downstream uses, below which abstraction is not permitted. 3.23 riparian zone area of land adjoining a river channel (including the river bank) capable of directly
42、influencing the condition of the aquatic ecosystem (e.g. by shading and leaf litter input) EN 14614:2004, 2.29 NOTE In this European Standard, the term “riparian zone“ does not include the wider floodplain. 3.24 river type group of rivers that can be broadly differentiated from other groups on the b
43、asis of their physical and chemical characteristics (e.g. lowland chalk streams; upland ultra-oligotrophic rivers) EN 14614:2004, 2.32 3.25 sheet piling material used for vertical bank protection (e.g. corrugated metal sheets) EN 14614:2004, 2.34 3.26 sinuosity degree of deviation from a straight li
44、ne, defined as channel length/valley length EN 14614:2004, 2.36 3.27 soft materials/engineering bank protection using biodegradable materials such as brushwood, reeds or live willows NOTE See “hard materials“. 3.28 substrate material making up the bed of a river EN 14614:2004, 2.40 3.29 weir structu
45、re used for controlling flow and upstream surface level, or for measuring discharge EN 14614:2004, 2.41 3.30 willow spiling method of soft engineering used for strengthening river banks using retaining walls constructed of woven willow stems from which trees will sprout 3.31 woody debris dead woody
46、material that falls into rivers and streams, ranging in size from leaf fragments (fine woody debris) to branches or whole trees (coarse woody debris) BS EN 15843:2010EN 15843:2010 (E) 9 4 Principle 4.1 A standard protocol is described for assessing the extent to which the hydromorphological features
47、 of river channels, banks, riparian zones and floodplains are modified. These features have been divided into two groups a larger group of “core features“ and a smaller group of “subsidiary features“. Core features are used to establish “departure from naturalness“ as a result of human pressures on
48、river hydromorphology. Subsidiary features also include some that contribute to habitat quality assessment. The former can be determined without reference to river type using data from field survey, remote sensing, maps or local knowledge, whereas the latter require an understanding of the features
49、to be expected in different types of river. Both this European Standard and EN 14614 focus attention on river features as surrogates for river processes. Those making assessments, therefore, do not need to be trained geomorphologists, although some geomorphological input may be useful in determining the contribution made by subsidiary, type-specific features. 4.2 The principal output from this standard is an assessment of the modification of hydromorphological features of an entire river re
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