1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15967:2011Determination of maximumexplosion pressure and themaximum rate of pressure riseof gases and vapoursBS EN 15967:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British
2、Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15967:2011. Itsupersedes BS EN 13673-1:2003 and BS EN 13673-2:2005, which arewithdrawn.This standard determines the maximum explosion pressure andmaximum rate of pressure rise for gases and vapours understandardized conditions at ambient temperature, pressurea
3、nd from quiescent initial conditions. Any variation fromexperimental conditions in temperature, pressure or turbulencewill lead to discrepancy between observed values and thosedetermined through experiment. In particular, increased levelsof turbulence above those seen in the experimental equipment,i
4、nitiating explosions from pressures above ambient and effects suchas pressure piling will lead to enhanced pressure generation andrates of pressure rise when compared to experimental values.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EXL/23, Explosion and fire precaut
5、ions in industrial andchemical plant.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Instit
6、ution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 64620 1ICS 13.230; 75.160.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2012.Amendmen
7、ts issued since publicationDateT e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 15967:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15967 August 2011 ICS 13.230 Supersedes EN 13673-1:2003, EN 13673-2:2005English Version Determination of maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise of gase
8、s and vapours Dtermination de la pression maximale dexplosion et de la vitesse maximale de monte en pression des gaz et des vapeurs Verfahren zur Bestimmung des maximalen Explosionsdruckes und des maximalen zeitlichen Druckanstieges fr Gase und Dmpfe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 J
9、uly 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obt
10、ained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the C
11、EN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg
12、, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of
13、 exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15967:2011: EBS EN 15967:2011EN 15967:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introduction .51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions .64 Test method 74.1 Principle 74.2 Apparatus .74.2.1 G
14、eneral 74.2.2 Test vessel 74.2.3 Equipment for preparing the test mixture .84.2.4 Ignition system .84.2.5 Pressure measuring system .94.2.6 Temperature measuring device . 104.2.7 Safety aspects . 104.3 Preparation and preservation of test samples 104.4 Procedure 114.4.1 Preparation of the test mixtu
15、re 114.4.2 Determination of the explosion pressure pex, the maximum explosion pressure pmax, the rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)exand the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)max124.5 Expression of results . 144.5.1 Common aspects 144.5.2 Explosion pressure and maximum explosion pr
16、essure . 154.5.3 Rate of pressure rise and maximum rate of pressure rise . 154.6 Test report . 16Annex A (normative) Verification of maximum explosion pressure values . 18Annex B (normative) Verification of maximum rate of pressure rise . 19Annex C (normative) Smoothing of pressure-time curves 22Ann
17、ex D (informative) Conversion of the values for the flammable substance content 25D.1 Abbreviations and symbols . 25D.2 Substance characteristics of air . 25D.3 Definitions . 26D.4 Preparation of the test mixture 26Annex E (informative) Example of an evaporator equipment for liquid flammable substan
18、ces 29Annex F (informative) Example for test report form . 31Annex G (informative) Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous editions 34Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/9/EC . 35An
19、nex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 36Bibliography . 37BS EN 15967:2011EN 15967:2011 (E) 3 Figures Figure B.1 Plot of the rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)exas a function of the test vessel volume V for H2
20、-air mixtures (xH2 35 mol %) . 20 Figure B.2 Plot of the rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)exas a function of the test vessel volume V for CH4-air mixtures (xCH4 10 mol %) . 20 Figure B.3 Plot of the rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)exas a function of the test vessel volume V for NH3-air
21、mixtures (xNH3 23 mol %) . 21 Figure C.1 Example of a raw p(t) curve showing oscillations 23 Figure C.2 Example of a raw p(t) curve showing oscillations 23 Figure C.3 Schematic diagram showing the variation of (dp/dt)exas a function of a smoothing parameter . 24 Figure E.1 Evaporator equipment for p
22、roducing test mixtures from liquid flammable substances . 29 Tables Table 1 Rules for rounding up (dp/dt)exand (dp/dt)maxvalues . 16Table A.1 Valuesafor verification of the apparatus 18Table B.1 Valuesafor verification of the apparatusb19Table D.1 Formulas for the conversion 28Table G.1 The signific
23、ant changes with respect to EN 13673-1:2003 and EN 13673-2:2005 34Table ZA.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 94/9/EC 35Table ZB.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 2006/42/EC 36BS EN 15967:2011EN 15967:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15967:
24、2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 305 “Potentially explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endo
25、rsement, at the latest by February 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for id
26、entifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13673-1:2003, EN 13673-2:2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationshi
27、p with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA and B which are an integral part of this document. The significant changes between this European Standard and EN 13673-1:2003 and EN 13673-2:2005 are given in Table G.1 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organiza
28、tions of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portug
29、al, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15967:2011EN 15967:2011 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard describes test methods for the determination of: the explosion pressure and the maximum explosion pressure; and the rate of explosion pressure r
30、ise and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise; of a quiescent flammable gas/air/inert mixture at ambient temperature and pressure. Maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of explosion pressure rise are used for designing explosion protection measures, such as explosion pressure resistant o
31、r explosion pressure shock resistant apparatus, explosion venting and explosion suppression. These characteristics are particularly influenced by: the size and shape of the vessel; the type and energy of the ignition source; the temperature and pressure; the turbulence. It is therefore necessary to
32、standardise the conditions at which the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise are determined. BS EN 15967:2011EN 15967:2011 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method that is designed to produce measurements of explosion pressure and the maximum
33、 explosion pressure, the rate of explosion pressure rise and the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise of a quiescent flammable gas/air/inert mixture in closed volume at ambient temperature and pressure. In this European Standard, the term “gas“ includes vapours but not mists. Detonation and decom
34、position phenomena are not considered in this European Standard. The pressures and rates of pressure rise measured by the procedures specified in this European Standard are not applicable to flameproof enclosures, that is enclosures intended to withstand an internal explosion and not to transmit it
35、to an external explosive atmosphere, or any other closed volume where the internal geometry can result in pressure piling. Even in an enclosure of relatively simple geometry the disposition of the internal components can lead to rates of pressure rise significantly higher than those measured using t
36、his European Standard. This European Standard does not apply to the design and testing of flameproof enclosures in conformity with EN 13463-6 (for non-electrical equipment) and EN 60079-1 (for electrical equipment). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the
37、application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13237, Potentially explosive atmospheres Terms and definitions for equipment and protective systems intende
38、d for use in potentially explosive atmospheres 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13237 and the following apply. 3.1 explosion pressure pexhighest pressure occurring in a closed vessel during the explosion of a specific mixture of
39、 flammable substances with air or air and inert gases determined under specified test conditions NOTE pexis expressed as absolute pressure with gases and vapour and as overpressure with dusts. 3.2 maximum explosion pressure pmaxmaximum value of explosion pressure measured in the tests for explosion
40、pressure when the content of the flammable substances in the mixture is varied NOTE pmaxis expressed as absolute pressure with gases and vapour and as overpressure with dusts. 3.3 rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)exhighest value of the slope (first derivative) of the pressure-time curve (smoot
41、hed if necessary), measured in a closed vessel during the explosion of a specific mixture of flammable substances with air or air and inert substances determined under specified test conditions BS EN 15967:2011EN 15967:2011 (E) 7 3.4 maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)maxmaximum value of
42、 the explosion pressure rise per unit time measured in the tests when the content of the flammable substances in the mixture is varied NOTE For the purpose of this document, all pressures are expressed in bar absolute and rate of explosion pressure rises are expressed in bar/s. 4 Test method 4.1 Pri
43、nciple An explosive test mixture is ignited by a defined ignition source which is positioned in the centre of a test vessel. By means of a pressure measuring system the pressure-time curve that develops following the ignition of the test mixture is recorded. From the pressure- time curve the highest
44、 rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)exis calculated, and the highest pressure pexis determined. Repeat measurements are made with stepwise variations in the content of flammable gas in the mixture. a) The maximum explosion pressure pmaxis determined as the maximum observed value of pex. b) The m
45、aximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dp/dt)maxis determined as the maximum observed value of (dp/dt)ex4.2 Apparatus 4.2.1 General The test apparatus consists of: a test vessel; equipment for preparing the test mixture; an ignition system; a pressure measuring system; a temperature measuring devic
46、e; safety equipment. 4.2.2 Test vessel The test vessel shall be spherical or cylindrical. The internal volume of the test vessel shall be equal to or greater than 0,005 m3. If a cylindrical vessel is used, the length to diameter ratio shall be equal to 1. The test vessel and any equipment (valves, i
47、gniter, transducer, etc) fitted on the vessel shall be designed to withstand a maximum pressure of at least 20 bar. NOTE Guidance on the design of the test vessel can be found in EN 14460. The vessel shall be made of stainless steel or any material free of any catalytic effects and resistant to corr
48、osion from the initial gas mixture and the products of combustion. BS EN 15967:2011EN 15967:2011 (E) 8 The test vessel shall be fitted with sufficient ports to allow filling, evacuating and purging. 4.2.3 Equipment for preparing the test mixture The test mixture can be prepared by a partial pressure
49、 method or mixing together flows of the component substances. This can be done in the test vessel or outside. If the test mixture is prepared by a partial pressure method, the vessel used for the preparation of the mixture shall be fitted with: a) a vacuum pump and a vacuum gauge; b) pressure gauges or manometers; c) a means of achieving a uniform test mixture (e.g. a stirrer). If the test mixture is prepared by mixing flows, the ne
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