EN 15980-2011 en Air quality - Determination of the deposition of benz[a]anthracene benzo[b]fluoranthene benzo[j]fluoranthene benzo[k]fluoranthene benzo[a]pyrene dibenz[a h]anthrac.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15980:2011Air quality Determinationof the deposition ofbenzaanthracene,benzobfluoranthene,benzojfluoranthene,benzokfluoranthene,benzoapyrene,dibenza,hanthracene andindeno1,

2、2,3-cdpyreneBS EN 15980:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15980:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained o

3、n request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 65398 8ICS 13.040.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British

4、 Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15980:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15980 May 2011 ICS 13.040.01 English Version Air quality - Determination

5、 of the deposition of benzaanthracene, benzobfluoranthene, benzojfluoranthene, benzokfluoranthene, benzoapyrene, dibenza,hanthracene and indeno1,2,3-cdpyrene Qualit de lair - Dtermination du benzoaanthracne, benzobfluoranthne, benzojfluoranthne, benzokfluoranthne, benzoapyrne, dibenza,hanthracne et

6、indeno1,2,3-cdpyrne dans les dpts atmosphriques Luftqualitt - Bestimmung der Deposition von Benzaanthracen, Benzobfluoranthen, Benzojfluoranthen, Benzokfluoranthen, Benzoapyren, Dibenza,hanthracen und Indeno1,2,3-cdpyren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 April 2011. CEN members are bo

7、und to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the

8、CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre

9、 has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway

10、, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form an

11、d by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15980:2011: EBS EN 15980:2011EN 15980:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 74.1 Symbols 74.2 Abbreviations .85 Principle 96 Appa

12、ratus, reagents and materials 96.1 Reagents .96.2 Materials .96.3 Sampling equipment .96.4 Laboratory equipment 107 Sampling 107.1 General . 107.2 Sampling location . 107.3 Sampling requirements 117.4 Sample transport 128 Sample preparation and analysis 128.1 Sample storage . 128.2 Extraction 128.3

13、Analysis . 128.4 Interferences . 129 Quality assurance . 1210 Calculation of results . 1311 Performance characteristics . 1312 Uncertainty 1413 Reporting of results 14Annex A (informative) Collectors used in the field trial . 15Annex B (normative) Work-up of deposition samples for PAH analysis . 19A

14、nnex C (normative) Analytical conditions . 26Annex D (informative) Performance characteristics determined in laboratory and field tests 29Annex E (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential requirements of EU Directives 43Bibliography . 44BS EN 15980:2011EN 15980:2011

15、 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15980:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the late

16、st by November 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all

17、 such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hung

18、ary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15980:2011EN 15980:2011 (E) 4 Introduction Directive 2004/107/EC 2 requires the measurement of the “total o

19、r bulk deposition“ of benzaanthracene (BaA), benzobfluoranthene (BbF), benzojfluoranthene (BjF), benzokfluoranthene (BkF), benzoapyrene (BaP), dibenza,hanthracene (DBahA) and indeno1,2,3-cdpyrene (INP) at background sites, one every 100 000 km. Wet-only sampling may be used instead of bulk sampling

20、if it can be shown that the difference between their results is within 10 %. Where appropriate, monitoring shall be coordinated with the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). The Directive uses “total deposition“ and “bulk deposition“ as synonyms and defines it as the total mass of po

21、llutants which is transferred from the atmosphere to surfaces (e.g. soil, vegetation, water, buildings) in a given area within a given time. The considered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are predominantly bound to particles. The mass of PAH bound to non sedimenting particles is thought to be

22、 low compared to the mass of the compounds bound to sedimenting wet and dry particles. Consequently the sum of the deposition of sedimenting wet and dry particles (defined as “bulk deposition“ in this European Standard) and total deposition has been considered as substantially equivalent for the pur

23、poses of this document. At sites far enough from obstacles like buildings and trees the influence of specific surface characteristics on the deposition of PAH can be neglected. This document describes the measurement of the deposition of PAH using collectors designed for bulk and wet-only deposition

24、. The validation field test demonstrated that the funnel-bottle bulk collector provided the most reliable and robust results. Therefore this collector type has been chosen as standard collector. BS EN 15980:2011EN 15980:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies a method for the determination of the

25、 bulk deposition of benzaanthracene (BaA), benzobfluoranthene (BbF), benzojfluoranthene (BjF), benzokfluoranthene (BkF), benzoapyrene (BaP), dibenza,hanthracene (DBahA) and indeno1,2,3-cdpyrene (INP), which can be used in the framework of Directive 2004/107/EC. This European Standard specifies perfo

26、rmance requirements with which the method has to comply in order to meet the data quality objectives given in this Directive. This document specifies methods for sampling, sample preparation and analysis using gas chromatography with mass spectroscopic detection (GC/MS) or high performance liquid ch

27、romatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FLD). The funnel-bottle bulk collector is used as the standard collector. The method is applicable for deposition measurements in rural and remote areas, industrial areas, urban areas. The standard is applicable in the range from a few ng/(m2d) to a few

28、 hundred ng/(m2d). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1554

29、9:2008, Air quality Standard method for the measurement of the concentration of benzoapyrene in ambient air 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 analysis all operations carried out after sample preparation to determine the amount or

30、 concentration of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of interest present in the sample 3.2 bulk collector equipment to collect bulk deposition, permanently open to the atmosphere NOTE In this document, two types of bulk collectors are described: a funnel-bottle bulk collector and a cylindrical gau

31、ge (Bergerhoff collector). 3.3 bulk deposition sum of the deposition of sedimenting wet and dry particles NOTE Bulk deposition does not contain gases and non-sedimenting particles. The bulk deposition of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is considered as substantially equivalent to total depositi

32、on. BS EN 15980:2011EN 15980:2011 (E) 6 3.4 detection limit lowest deposition rate of an analyte detectable using the specified procedure 3.5 expanded uncertainty quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that can be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of

33、 values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 9 3.6 field blank artificial sample (e.g. distilled water) transported to the sampling site, mounted in the sampling unit, but not left exposed to ambient air, returned to the laboratory and worked up in the same wa

34、y as the deposition sample 3.7 laboratory blank artificial sample (e.g. distilled water) worked up in the same way as the deposition sample in the laboratory 3.8 precipitation rain, snow, sleet, graupel, hail and dew 3.9 sample extraction sample dissolution process to obtain a solution containing th

35、e analyte of interest in an organic solvent 3.10 sample preparation all operations carried out on a sample, after transportation and storage, to prepare it for analysis NOTE Such operations are, e.g. extraction, purification, evaporation, solvent exchange. 3.11 standard uncertainty uncertainty of th

36、e results of measurements expressed as a standard deviation ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 9 3.12 uncertainty (of measurement) measurement uncertainty parameter associated with the result of a measurement that characterises the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurement

37、 ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 9 3.13 wet-only collector equipment to collect wet deposition, consisting of a funnel-bottle combination, open to the atmosphere only during precipitation events BS EN 15980:2011EN 15980:2011 (E) 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols A area of the cross-section of the co

38、llector opening; c mean value of the concentration of a compound in a solution; ic mean value of the concentration of a compound, obtained by laboratory i; cjconcentration of a compound in the solution j; d(1,j)deposition in collector 1; d(2,j)deposition in collector 2; Dadeposition rate of compound

39、 a; DL,adetection limit of compound a; DM ,aminimal detectable mass of compound a; k coverage factor; mamass of compound a; ma,ddetected mass of compound a; am mean of laboratory blank value; ma,iindividual laboratory blank value for compound a; n number of measurements; rss residual sum of squares

40、from the fit; siwithin-laboratory standard deviation; sLbetween-laboratory standard deviation; sdbetween-collector standard deviation; sRreproducibility standard deviation; sristandard deviation of repeated measurements of laboratory i; Smmass of surrogate standard, added to the sample; Sdmass of su

41、rrogate standard detected in the sample extract; Slb,a standard deviation of laboratory blank value for compound a; t sampling duration; tn-1;0,95 Student factor for n measurements and a 95 % confidence interval; BS EN 15980:2011EN 15980:2011 (E) 8 ubc,jbetween-collector uncertainty for collector ty

42、pe j; uDuncertainty of measured depositions; uMstandard uncertainty of the deposition measurement; Up(y) expanded uncertainty of the measured value y with a coverage probability p; wbc,jrelative between-collector uncertainty for collector type j; wfitrandom relative uncertainty of the fits. 4.2 Abbr

43、eviations BaA Benzaanthracene BaP Benzoapyrene BeP Benzoepyrene BbF Benzobfluoranthene BjF Benzojfluoranthene BkF Benzokfluoranthene CHR Chrysene CRM Certified reference material CPP Cyclopentacdpyrene DAD Diode array detection DBacA Dibenza,canthracene DBahA Dibenza,hanthracene DBajA Dibenza,janthr

44、acene DCM Dichloromethane EMEP Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air pollutants in Europe (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) FLD Fluorescence detection GC Gas chromatography HPLC High performance liquid chromatography INP Indeno1,2,3-c

45、dpyrene MS Mass spectrometry PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons BS EN 15980:2011EN 15980:2011 (E) 9 PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control SOP Standard operating procedure SPE Solid phase extraction TRI Triphenylene WMO/GAW World Meteorological Organization / Global A

46、tmosphere Watch 5 Principle Deposition samples for the determination of specified PAH compounds are taken in funnel-bottle bulk collectors for a measured period of time (see Clause 7). Samples are prepared using liquid-liquid or solid phase extraction with organic solvent (see 8.2). Identification a

47、nd quantification of the substances are performed by either GC/MS or HPLC/FLD (see 8.3). 6 Apparatus, reagents and materials 6.1 Reagents High purity reagents: solvents: e.g. acetone, acetonitrile, cyclohexane, dichloromethane (DCM), methanol, toluene, water; solid substances: NaCl, anhydrous Na2SO4

48、. 6.2 Materials Ordinary laboratory materials; wiping material, e.g. glass wool, quartz wool or pre-extracted cotton wool. 6.3 Sampling equipment Funnel-bottle bulk collectors consist of a cylindrical funnel and a sample collection vessel (see A.2). The vertical section of the funnel shall be at lea

49、st as high as its diameter. The collection vessels shall have a cylindrical vertical section of sufficient height to avoid sampling losses resulting from splashing. The collector is permanently open to the atmosphere. The collector shall be equipped with a device for keeping birds off. The area of the cros