EN 16246-2012 en Agricultural machinery - Backhoes - Safety《农业机械-挖掘机安全》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16246:2012Agricultural machinery Backhoes SafetyBS EN 16246:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16246:2012. The UK pa

2、rticipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee AGE/6, Agricultural tractors and forestry machinery. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a con

3、tract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012.ISBN 978 0 580 74056 5 ICS 65.060.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under th

4、e authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16246:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16246 November 2012 ICS 65.060.10 English Version Agricultural machinery - Backhoes - Saf

5、ety Matriel agricole - Pelles rtro - Scurit Landmaschinen - Heckbaggerlader - Sicherheit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 October 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the statu

6、s of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Ger

7、man). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croati

8、a, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and Uni

9、ted Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16246:2012:

10、 EBS EN 16246:2012EN 16246:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .64 List of significant hazards 65 Safety requirements and/or measures . 125.1 General . 125.2 Attachment to tractor prevention of uncontrolled movement 125.3 Control

11、s . 125.3.1 Clearance . 125.3.2 Configuration, functions and marking of the controls . 125.4 Operators work station . 145.5 Access to the operators work station . 155.6 Electrical equipment . 165.7 Hydraulics 165.7.1 General . 165.7.2 Pump 165.7.3 Fluid reservoir . 165.7.4 Pressure limit valves 165.

12、7.5 Hoses and fittings . 175.7.6 Dimensioning of hydraulic cylinders 175.7.7 Control of movements 175.8 Stability of the tractor backhoe combination 175.8.1 General . 175.8.2 Outriggers 176 Maintenance and repair 187 Verification of the safety requirements or protective measures . 188 Information fo

13、r use . 188.1 Operators manual 188.2 Marking 19Annex A (informative) Examples of a backhoe attachment and safety locking device 21Annex B (informative) Stability of the tractor/backhoe loader combination 24B.1 Effects on the stability . 24B.2 Stability calculations 24B.2.1 Transverse stability 24B.2

14、.2 Longitudinal stability 26Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 28Bibliography . 29BS EN 16246:2012EN 16246:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16246:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 144

15、 “Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2013, and conflicting national standards shal

16、l be withdrawn at the latest by May 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mand

17、ate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,

18、 the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, La

19、tvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16246:2012EN 16246:2012 (E) 4 Introduction This document is a type-C standard as specified in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned

20、 and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document. These hazards are specific to hydraulic backhoes. Hazards that are common to all agricultural machines (self-propelled, mounted, semi-mounted and trailed) are dealt with in EN I

21、SO 4254-1. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this

22、 type C standard. BS EN 16246:2012EN 16246:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard, when used together with EN ISO 4254-1 and EN 15811, specifies the safety requirements and their verification for the design and construction of hydraulic backhoes mounted to the three point linkage of a tractor. It

23、 describes methods for the elimination or reduction of hazards arising from the intended use of these machines by one person (the operator) in the course of normal operation and service. In addition, it specifies the type of information on safe working practices (including residual risks) to be prov

24、ided by the manufacturer. When requirements of this document are different from those which are stated in EN ISO 4254-1, the requirements of this document take precedence over the requirements of EN ISO 4254-1 for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this documen

25、t. This European Standard, taken together with EN ISO 4254-1, deals with all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events (as listed in Table 1) relevant to hydraulic backhoes mounted to the three point linkage of a tractor, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misu

26、se foreseeable by the manufacturer. This European Standard is not applicable to lifting operations for the movement of unit loads with hooks or other similar devices. Materials connected with excavation activities are not intended as unit loads and their movement is covered by this standard. This Eu

27、ropean Standard does not give requirements for quick hitch devices. NOTE 1 An amendment of EN 474-1 is under preparation to deal with this issue. It will be evaluated for inclusion in this European Standard. NOTE 2 Specific requirements related to road traffic regulations are not taken into account

28、in this European Standard. This European Standard is not applicable to hydraulic backhoes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its ap

29、plication. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 4254-1:2009, Agricultural machinery Safety Part 1: General requirements (ISO 4254-1:2008) EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of mac

30、hinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) ISO 3600, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Operators manuals Content and presentation ISO 3767-2, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn

31、 and garden equipment Symbols for operator controls and other displays Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and machinery ISO 3776-1, Tractors and machinery for agriculture Seat belts Part 1: Anchorage location requirements ISO 3776-2, Tractors and machinery for agriculture Seat belts Part 2: A

32、nchorage strength requirements ISO 11684, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles BS EN 16246:2012EN 16246:2012 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions

33、 given in EN ISO 12100:2010, EN ISO 4254-1:2009 and the following apply. NOTE An example of the machine types covered by this standard is illustrated in Annex A. 3.1 rear-mounted hydraulic backhoe machine with hydraulically powered arms mounted to the rear three point linkage of the tractor, used wi

34、th an attachment for various operations, such as excavating, elevating, swinging, discharging 3.2 primary loading arm loading arm located between the frame of the machine and the secondary arm 3.3 secondary loading arm loading arm located between the primary loading arm and the attachment 3.4 telesc

35、opic arm arm capable of being extended in a longitudinal direction 3.5 swing pivot device which pivotally connects the frame with the primary loading arm, in order to let it swing about a vertical axis 3.6 outriggers device to keep the machine stable on the ground when the backhoe is in use 3.7 side

36、 shifting device to allow horizontal movement within limits of the backhoe swing pivot 3.8 attachment tool or interchangeable equipment that can be attached to the secondary loading arm, such as a bucket or an inverted bucket, as indicated by the manufacturer 3.9 inverted bucket rearward facing buck

37、et for the excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging of the material 4 List of significant hazards Table 1 gives the significant hazard(s), the significant hazardous situation(s) and hazardous event(s) covered by this standard that have been identified by risk assessment as being significant f

38、or this type of machine, and which require specific action by the designer or manufacturer to eliminate or to reduce the risk. Attention is drawn to the necessity to identify any additional significant hazards associated with a specific machine and to provide suitable safety measures. Such additiona

39、l safety measures are not dealt with by this standard. BS EN 16246:2012EN 16246:2012 (E) 7 Table 1 List of significant hazards associated with hydraulic backhoes No.aHazard Hazardous situation and event Clauses/subclauses of EN ISO 4254-1:2009 Clause/subclause of this standard A.1 Mechanical hazard

40、A.1.1 Crushing hazard Controls Boarding means Platforms Working tools Service/maintenance Shearing/pinching points Moving the machine Stability Mounting of machines 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2; 5.1.8; 6.1 4.5.1.1.2; 4.5.1.2.5; 4.5.2; 4.6 6.4 4.7 4.14.6 5.1.2.3 5.1.4 5.2 6.2 6.2.2; 6.2.3; 6.3 5.3.1 5.1, 5.5 5.1,

41、5.4 5.7.1 6 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 A.1.2 Shearing hazard Controls Boarding means Platforms Working tools Service/maintenance Shearing/pinching points Moving the machine Stability Mounting of machines 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2; 5.1.8; 6.1 4.5.1.1.2; 4.5.1.2.5; 4.5.2; 4.6 6.4 4.7 4.14.6 5.1.2.3 5.1.4 5.2 6.2 6.2.2; 6.2

42、.3; 6.3 5.3.1 5.1, 5.5 5.1, 5.4 5.7.1 6 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 A.1.6 Impact hazard Boarding means 4.5.1.2.5 5.1, 5.4, 5.5 A.1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard Controls Electrical equipment Boarding means 4.4.3; 5.1.3.2 4.9.1 4.5.1.1.2 5.3.1 5.6 5.4, 5.5 A.1.9 High-pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard H

43、ydraulic components 4.10; 6.5 5.7 A.2 Electrical hazards A.2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) Electrical equipment 4.9; 5.3; 6.5 5.6 A.2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect contact) Electrical equipment 4.9.1 - BS EN 16246:201

44、2EN 16246:2012 (E) 8 No.aHazard Hazardous situation and event Clauses/subclauses of EN ISO 4254-1:2009 Clause/subclause of this standard A.2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage Overhead power lines 8.1.3 8.1 A.2.4 Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the projection of molten particle

45、s and chemical effects from short circuits, overloads, etc. Electrical equipment 4.9.2; 5.3.1 5.6 A.3 Thermal hazards Burns, scalds and other injuries by possible contact of persons with objects or materials with an extreme high or low temperature, by flames or explosions and also by the radiation o

46、f heat sources Operating fluids Cab material Hot surfaces 4.12 5.1.6 5.5 5.7 A.4 Hazards generated by noise Hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g. loss of balance, loss of awareness) Accidents due to interference with speech communication and accoustic warning signals Noise 4.2

47、 5.1 A.5 Hazards generated by materials and substances A.5.1 Hazards from contact with, or inhalation, of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts Operating fluids 4.10; 5.4 5.7 A.6 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design A.6.1 Unhealthy Controls 4.4 5.3 BS EN 1

48、6246:2012EN 16246:2012 (E) 9 No.aHazard Hazardous situation and event Clauses/subclauses of EN ISO 4254-1:2009 Clause/subclause of this standard postures or excessive effort Boarding means Service and maintenance Operator station 4.5; 4.6 4.14.2; 4.14.4 5.1.1; 5.1.3; 5.1.5.2 5.4, 5.5 6 5.4 A.6.2 Ina

49、dequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy Controls Boarding means Operator station 4.4 4.5; 4.6 5.1 5.3 5.4, 5.5 5.4 A.6.3 Neglected use of personal protective equipment Operators manual 8.1.3 8.1 A.6.5 Mental overload and under load, stress Controls 4.4 5.3 A.6.6 Human error, human behaviour Controls Operators manual Signs 4.4 8.1 8.2 5.3 8.1 8.2 A.6.7 Inadequa