EN 16273-2014 en Railway applications - Track - Forged rail transitions《铁路应用 轨道 锻造轨道的转换》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16273:2014Railway applications Track Forged rail transitionsBS EN 16273:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16273:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway App

2、lications - Track.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Publi

3、shed by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 85803 1ICS 93.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued s

4、ince publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16273:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16273 December 2014 ICS 93.100 English Version Railway applications - Track - Forged rail transitions Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Rails forgs Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Geschmiede

5、te Schienenbergnge This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 October 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and

6、bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the re

7、sponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav

8、Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE N

9、ORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16273:2014 EBS EN 16273:2014EN 16273:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Forewor

10、d 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Information to be supplied for approval 8 4.1 By the purchaser8 4.2 By the manufacturer 8 5 Approval of the manufacturer 8 6 Requirements for the forging process 9 6.1 General 9 6.2 Forging parameters .9 6.3 Post hea

11、t treatment .9 6.4 Profile finishing 9 6.5 Cutting to length 9 6.6 Identification .9 7 Procedure approval .9 7.1 General 9 7.2 Test specimen preparation 10 7.3 Number of specimens 10 7.4 Non-destructive approval tests . 10 7.4.1 Geometry and dimensions . 10 7.4.2 Visual inspection 13 7.4.3 Surface f

12、inish 13 7.4.4 Dye penetrant (DPI) or magnetic particle inspection (MPI) 13 7.4.5 Ultrasonic testing (UT) . 13 7.5 Destructive approval tests . 14 7.5.1 Hardness distribution . 14 7.5.2 Switch rails: hardness distribution in the rail head 16 7.6 Test report . 18 7.7 Validity of approval . 18 8 Produ

13、ction tests 18 8.1 Switches 18 8.1.1 General . 18 8.1.2 Geometry and dimensions . 19 8.1.3 Hardness testing . 19 8.2 Transition rails 20 8.2.1 General . 20 8.2.2 Hardness 20 Annex A (informative) Ultrasonic testing . 22 A.1 Reference line (DAC) generation reference block 22 A.2 Reference line (DAC)

14、generation and acceptance criteria . 23 Annex B (informative) Documentation of approval tests . 24 BS EN 16273:2014EN 16273:2014 (E) 3 B.1 Forged switch rails 24 B.1.1 General information 24 B.1.2 Geometry and dimensions . 24 B.1.3 Dye penetrant (DPI) or magnetic particle inspection (MPI) . 27 B.1.4

15、 Ultrasonic testing (UT) 27 B.1.5 Hardness distribution on the surface 28 B.1.6 Test results of hardness distribution on the rail head 28 B.1.7 Test results of hardness distribution on the rail foot 30 B.2 Forged transition rails . 32 B.2.1 General information 32 B.2.2 Geometry and dimensions . 33 B

16、.2.3 Dye penetrant (DPI) or magnetic particle inspection (MPI) . 34 B.2.4 Ultrasonic testing (UT) 34 B.2.5 Hardness distribution on the surface 35 B.2.6 Test results of hardness distribution on the rail head 36 B.2.7 Test results of hardness distribution on the rail foot 36 Bibliography 38 BS EN 162

17、73:2014EN 16273:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16273:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text o

18、r by endorsement, at the latest by June 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for id

19、entifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to im

20、plement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Roman

21、ia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16273:2014EN 16273:2014 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard has three main topics: requirements of a forged part; procedure approval; forged rail production following approval. This European Standard satis

22、fies the needs of the railway authority and the manufacturer should achieve the specified requirements of this standard. BS EN 16273:2014EN 16273:2014 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements for the approval of a process wherein a rail of one profile has part of its length fo

23、rged to a different profile, together with the requirements for subsequent forging production and product acceptance. This European Standard applies to new railway rails according to EN 13674-1, and to switch and crossing rails used in conjunction with railway rails 46 kg/m and above according to EN

24、 13674-2, to be welded or fish plated to make up switch rails or transition rails intended for use on railway infrastructures. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated referen

25、ces, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 132325:2005+A1:2011, Railway applications Track Switches and crossings Part 5: Switches EN 13674-1:2011, Railway applications Track Rail Part 1: Vignole r

26、ailway rails 46 kg/m and above EN 13674-2, Railway applications Track Rail Part 2: Switch and crossing rails used in conjunction with Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above EN ISO 3452-1, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles (ISO 3452-1) EN ISO 9934 (all parts), Non-

27、destructive testing Magnetic particle testing (ISO 9934) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 manufacturer company that produces forged switch and transition rails 3.2 purchaser buyer of the forged switch or transition rails 3.3 ra

28、ilway infrastructure permanent way of national or private railways 3.4 specimen portion detached from a forged rail transition and prepared as required for testing 3.5 profile finishing operation by which the rail or relevant part of the component is returned to required profile Note 1 to entry : Th

29、is operation can be by grinding, milling, planing or any other suitable means. BS EN 16273:2014EN 16273:2014 (E) 7 3.6 finished condition finished component 3.7 railway authority (RA) either the railway regulator or the owner of the railway infrastructure or the custodian with a delegated responsibi

30、lity for a railway infrastructure 3.8 forged switch rail flexible switch rail the switch rail in the movable area of the switch is made of one profile only. This can be either a standard rail profile or a special profile Figure 1 Forged switch rail flexible switch rail 3.9 forged switch rail spring

31、rail switch rail the switch rail in the movable area of the switch is made of two different profiles. The transition and the weld between one to the other profile takes place in the movable part of the switch rail and can be either a standard rail profile or a special profile key Flash butt weld Fig

32、ure 2 Forged switch rail spring rail switch rail 3.10 forged switch rail forged part the forged part is the end section of a switch rail with the transition. It is made of one profile only Figure 3 Forged switch rail forged part BS EN 16273:2014EN 16273:2014 (E) 8 3.11 forged transition rail part of

33、 a symmetrical vignole rail profile 1 forged to another symmetrical vignole rail profile 2 Figure 4 Forged transition rail 3.12 forged rail transition a rail of one profile having part of its length forged to a different profile. A rail with an asymmetrical profile forged to a symmetrical profile is

34、 a forged switch rail (see 3.8, 3.9 and 3.10). A rail with a symmetrical profile forged to another symmetrical profile is termed a forged transition rail (see 3.11) 3.13 heat affected zone (HAZ) part of the rail heated to a temperature affecting the hardness 4 Information to be supplied for approval

35、 4.1 By the purchaser The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser, agreed with the manufacturer and shall be fully documented: the initial and final rail profiles, length of the switch rail or transition rail and geometrical requirements of the rail transition; the rail grade; the p

36、rofile class of the rail leg-end extension as specified in EN 13674-1 and EN 13674-2. 4.2 By the manufacturer The following information shall be supplied by the manufacturer, agreed with the purchaser and shall be fully documented: a drawing of the switch or transition rail. 5 Approval of the manufa

37、cturer The manufacturer shall operate an independently approved quality assurance system or an other quality assurance system accepted by the purchaser. BS EN 16273:2014EN 16273:2014 (E) 9 6 Requirements for the forging process 6.1 General All heating, forging, cooling and dressing shall be carried

38、out in a controlled process. 6.2 Forging parameters The forging process and any post heat treatment, including the working ranges, shall be determined during procedural trials. Once approval has been granted they shall not be changed without prior purchaser approval. The parameters shall be monitore

39、d and checked against approval limits. These records shall be referenced to the relevant products. 6.3 Post heat treatment Post heating or controlled post cooling may be required and shall in such case be monitored. 6.4 Profile finishing The finishing shall be carried out in the longitudinal directi

40、on using machining and optionally additional grinding. The roughness limit shall be maximum 6,3 Ra. The profile finishing shall not cause any thermal or mechanical damage. The rail profile in the wheel contact area shall be maintained during profile finishing. The profile finishing shall not end in

41、the zone S (see Figure 8). 6.5 Cutting to length The switch rails shall be cut square, in accordance with Table 9 in EN 13674-1:2011, to the requested length. Burrs shall be removed from all edgings. Flame cutting is not allowed for the final cut. 6.6 Identification The identification shall permit t

42、raceability to production records. Every forged rail blank shall be encoded by: the sign of the manufacturer; the year of manufacturing; the identification number for the forged part. The identification shall permit the traceability of the product for at least the guarantee period. 7 Procedure appro

43、val 7.1 General Procedure approval tests shall be done for the production of switch and transition rails by the manufacturer as described in chapter 7 of this standard. For grade R260 rails, approval is granted by grade (not per profile). For grade R350HT rails, approval is granted by grade (not per

44、 profile) and by rail manufacturer. BS EN 16273:2014EN 16273:2014 (E) 10 Procedure approval shall be carried out by testing samples produced in accordance with this standard; the samples shall be representative of those carried out in production. One failure during the approval tests described in 7.

45、4 and 7.5 involves the rejection of the approval. Refer to 7.7 for re-qualification requirements. 7.2 Test specimen preparation The test specimens shall be produced and inspected by the same method used for production pieces. 7.3 Number of specimens Four test specimens in the finished condition (see

46、 3.6) shall be manufactured. 7.4 Non-destructive approval tests 7.4.1 Geometry and dimensions 7.4.1.1 Switch rails The dimension of the forged rail head and the profile of the vignole rail at the heel of the switch rail shall comply with the tolerances in Table 1. Figure 5 indicates the parts of the

47、 forged rail that shall be checked according to Table 1. Key SR switch rail VR vignole rail NOTE For further terms shown in this Figure, see Table 1. Figure 5 Dimensions of forged switch rail BS EN 16273:2014EN 16273:2014 (E) 11 Table 1 Length and tolerances for the forged switch rail Dimension Leng

48、th mm Measurement equipment Length of the forged rail transition LT Minimum 3 x HD Measuring stick, tape or gauge Dimension Admissible tolerance mm Measurement equipment Length that ends where the switch rail profile begins LG 20 Measuring stick, tape or gauge Length of the vignole part measured on

49、the foot LF 20 Measuring stick, tape or gauge Vertical alignment across the running surface along the longitudinal centre line starting at the forged rail end until 1500 mm, measured by moving a 1 m straight edge and a thickness gauge. - 0,1 / + 0,2 1 m straight edge and a thickness gauge Horizontal alignment on the running edge at 14 mm below the running surface, starting at the forged rail end until 1500 mm measured by moving a 1 m straight edge and a thickness gauge. 0,4 1 m straight edge and