1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationRailway applications Gangway systems between vehiclesPart 2: Acoustic measurementsBS EN 16286-2:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16286-2:
2、2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical CommitteeRAE/3, Railway Applications Rolling Stock Products, to Panel RAE/3/-/8,Railway applications Passenger gangways.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.The UK comm
3、ittee draws users attention to the distinction between normative and informative elements, as defined in Clause 3 of the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, Part 3.Normative: Requirements conveying criteria to be fulfilled if compliance withthe document is to be claimed and from which no deviation is
4、permitted.Informative: Information intended to assist the understanding or use of thedocument. Informative annexes do not contain requirements, except asoptional requirements, and are not mandatory. For example, a test methodmay contain requirements, but there is no need to comply with these require
5、ments to claim compliance with the standard.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 74357 3ICS 45.060.20Compl
6、iance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2013.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 16286-2:2013EUROPEAN STA
7、NDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16286-2 March 2013 ICS 45.060.20 English Version Railway applications - Gangway systems between vehicles - Part 2: Acoustic measurements Applications ferroviaires - Systme dintercirculations entre vhicules - Partie 2: Mesures acoustiques Bahnanwendungen - ber
8、gangssysteme zwischen Fahrzeugen - Teil 2: Messung der Akustik This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
9、without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any ot
10、her language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic
11、, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COM
12、MITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16286-2:2013: EBS EN 16286-2:2013EN
13、16286-2:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Instrumentation and calibration 13 4.1 Instrumentation . 13 4.2 Calibration . 13 5 Measurement setup 13 6 Test procedure 16 6.1 General . 16 6.2 Generation of sound field 16 6.
14、3 Sound pressure level in the source room 17 6.4 Measurement of average sound intensity level on the measurement surface 17 6.4.1 General . 17 6.4.2 Measurement surface . 18 6.4.3 Qualification of the measurement surface . 18 6.4.4 Scanning procedure . 19 6.4.5 Procedure using discrete positions 19
15、6.4.6 Scanning procedure for one measurement area . 19 6.4.7 Scanning procedure for several measurement subareas 20 6.5 Background noise. 20 6.6 Frequency range of measurements 20 7 Presentation of results . 20 8 Quality of the measurements 21 8.1 Deviations from the requirements 21 8.2 Measurement
16、tolerances 21 8.3 Measurement uncertainties . 21 9 Test report . 21 Annex A (normative) Method to qualify the sound field on the surface of the test specimen in the source room 23 Bibliography . 25 BS EN 16286-2:2013EN 16286-2:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16286-2:2013) has been prepared by
17、Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway Applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013, and conflicting national standards s
18、hall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared und
19、er a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This series of European Standards EN 16286, Railway applications Gangway systems between vehicles, consists of the following parts: Part 1: Main applications Part 2: Acoustic measurements According to the C
20、EN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hung
21、ary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16286-2:2013EN 16286-2:2013 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard presents a measurement method
22、 to collect information about the noise insulation of rail bound vehicle gangway systems. These components need their own measurement procedure as the geometrical sound distribution situation is not in line with the basic assumptions of general standards about noise insulation measurements as provid
23、ed for building elements, etc. In this standard, a number of different setups are described, which represent possible approaches to the ideal test situation. As the approaches may contradict the ideal sound fields, the standard includes methods to assess the influence of reflections and other diffic
24、ulties in order to reduce the uncertainties of these test methods to an acceptable amount in Annex A. BS EN 16286-2:2013EN 16286-2:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a measurement method and conditions to obtain reproducible and comparable sound reduction indices of all kinds of rai
25、l bound vehicles gangway systems defined in EN 16286-1. The setup should include all components of the system mounted like this is done between two adjacent car bodies within the train, so that a person will be able to use the gangway system, consisting of e.g: the bridge system (footplate); side pa
26、nels; flexible components (bellows); mounting systems; elements to couple parts in case of separable gangway systems. If separable gangway systems shall be measured, the whole system between two adjacent car bodies should be used. The method is applicable to type testing of gangways. This method is
27、not applicable to: interior noise measurements in vehicles; structure borne noise measurements. The type testing procedures specified in this European Standard are of engineering grade (grade 2) in the frequency range from 100 Hz up to 5 kHz; that is the preferred range for noise declaration purpose
28、s, as defined in EN ISO 12001. If test conditions are relaxed, the results are no longer of engineering grade. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the ed
29、ition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ENV 13005, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement EN 60942, Electroacoustics Sound calibrators (IEC 60942) EN 61672-1, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Par
30、t 1: Specifications (IEC 61672-1) EN 61672-2, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 2: Pattern evaluation tests (IEC 61672-2) EN ISO 266, Acoustics Preferred frequencies (ISO 266) EN ISO 3741, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound press
31、ure Precision methods for reverberation test rooms (ISO 3741) EN ISO 9614-1:2009, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound intensity Part 1: Measurement at discrete points (ISO 9614-1:1993) EN ISO 10140-2, Acoustics Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of buil
32、ding elements Part 2: Measurement of airborne sound insulation (ISO 10140-2) BS EN 16286-2:2013EN 16286-2:2013 (E) 6 EN ISO 10140-4:2010, Acoustics Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements Part 4: Measurement procedures and requirements (ISO 10140-4:2010) EN ISO 10140-5, Acous
33、tics Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements Part 5: Requirements for test facilities and equipment (ISO 10140-5) EN ISO 15186-1, Acoustics Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements using sound intensity Part 1: Laboratory measurements (ISO 15186-1
34、) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 sound pressure p root mean square (RMS) value of a fluctuating pressure superimposed on the static atmospheric pressure measured over a certain time period, expressed in Pa 3.2 sound pressure
35、level Lplevel given by the formula: 2log )( 10 0pp/pL = dB (1) where Lpis the sound pressure level in dB; p is the RMS sound pressure in Pa; p0the reference sound pressure; p0= 20 Pa Note 1 to entry Adapted from ISO 1996-1. 3.3 average sound pressure level in a source room Lp1ten times the logarithm
36、 to the base 10 of the ratio of the space and time average of the sound pressure squared to the square of the reference sound pressure, the space average being taken over the entire room with the exception of those parts where the direct radiation of a sound source or the near field of the boundarie
37、s (wall, window, etc.) is of significant influence Note 1 to entry This quantity is given in decibels. Note 2 to entry For a complete definition, see EN ISO 10140-2. 3.4 sound reduction index R ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound power W1incident on the test specimen to
38、the sound power W2transmitted through the specimen: dBlog1021=WWR(2) BS EN 16286-2:2013EN 16286-2:2013 (E) 7 Note 1 to entry The expression “sound transmission loss“ is also in use. 3.5 sound intensity I time-averaged rate of flow of sound energy per unit area oriented normal to the local particle v
39、elocity; this is a vectorial quantity which is equal to: ( ) ( )01dTI pt ut tT=(3) where p(t) is the instantaneous sound pressure at a point, in Pascals; ( )tuis the instantaneous particle velocity at the same point, in meters per second; T is the averaging time, in seconds Note 1 to entry Sound int
40、ensity is measured in watts per square meter. 3.6 normal sound intensity Incomponent of the sound intensity in the direction normal to a measurement surface defined by the unit normal vector n: nI In=(4) where nis the unit normal vector directed out of the volume enclosed by the measurement surface
41、3.7 normal sound intensity level LInten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the unsigned value of the normal sound intensity to the reference intensity I0, as given by: 0nInlog10IIL = dB (5) where 12010=I W/m2(6) 3.8 surface pressure-intensity indicator FpIdifference between the sound
42、 pressure level, Lp, and the normal sound intensity level, LIn, on the measurement surface, both being time and surface averaged: InppILLF = (7) BS EN 16286-2:2013EN 16286-2:2013 (E) 8 Note 1 to entry This notation is in accordance with EN ISO 9614-2. In EN ISO 9614-1, the notation F2 is used. 3.9 p
43、ressure-residual intensity index pI0 difference between the indicated sound pressure level, Lp, and the indicated sound intensity level, LI, when the intensity probe is placed and oriented in a sound field such that the sound intensity is zero Note 1 to entry pI0 is expressed in decibels. Note 2 to
44、entry Details for determining pI0 are given in EN 61043: ( )IppI0LL = 3.10 intensity sound reduction index of a gangway RIGindex evaluated from Formula (2), assuming that the sound field in the source room is diffuse: +=SSLLLRmIncp1IGlog106 (in dB) (8) where Lp1is the average sound pressure level in
45、 the source room; Lcis theindicator for the diffusity of the sound field according to Annex A of this standard; LInis the average sound intensity level over the measurement surface in the receiving room; Smis the total area of the measurement surface(s); S is the inner respectively outer contour are
46、a of the test specimen at the source side (compare Figure 1 and Figure 2) 3.11 source side area of the test specimen S contour area of the test specimen at the source side 3.12 measurement surface Smsurface in parallel to the bellow contour totally enclosing the test specimen on the receiving side,
47、scanned or sampled by the probe during the measurements BS EN 16286-2:2013EN 16286-2:2013 (E) 9 Key 1 bellow at source side 2 bellow at receiving side 3 measurement surface Sm4 contour area of the test specimen at the source side S 5 distance d between contour area of the receiving side and the meas
48、urement surface SmFigure 1 Measurement surface Smfor intensity measurements inside the gangway and contour area of the outer source side S Key 1 bellow at receiving side 2 bellow at source side 3 measurement surface Sm4 contour area of the test specimen at the source side S 5 distance d between cont
49、our area of the receiving side and the measurement surface SmFigure 2 Measurement surface Smfor intensity measurements outside the gangway and contour area of the inner source side S BS EN 16286-2:2013EN 16286-2:2013 (E) 10 Key 11, 12 intersection points between horizontal line above floor level and inner contour of the gangway system 13, 14 intersection points between horizontal line below ceiling and inner contour of the gangway system a distance between
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