1、BS EN 16450:2017Ambient air Automatedmeasuring systems forthe measurement of theconcentration of particulatematter (PM10; PM2,5)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 16450:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implement
2、ation of EN 16450:2017. It supersedes PD CEN/TS 16450:2013 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication do
3、es not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 88242 5 ICS 13.040.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from l
4、egal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16450:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16450 March 2017 ICS
5、 13.040.20 Supersedes CEN/TS 16450:2013English Version Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM10; PM2,5) Air ambiant - Systmes automatiss de mesurage de la concentration de matire particulaire (PM10; PM2,5)Auenluft - Automatische M
6、esseinrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Staubkonzentration (PM10; PM2,5) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 January 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national stan
7、dard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in a
8、ny other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Rep
9、ublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
10、 EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16450:2017
11、EBS EN 16450:2017EN 16450:2017 (E) 2 Contents PageEuropean foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 9 5 Principle 10 6 Sampling 12 7 Type testing 13 8 Field operation and ongoing quality control . 29 9 Data handling, validation and d
12、ata reports 38 10 Reporting of AMS data 39 11 Test reports and documentation Field operation . 39 Annex A (informative) Examples of principles of AMS for monitoring particulate matter 40 A.1 Oscillating microbalance . 40 A.2 -ray attenuation . 41 A.3 Light scattering . 42 A.4 System consisting of a
13、central instrument and an array of regional instruments . 42 Annex B (normative) Orthogonal regression algorithms . 43 Annex C (normative) Performing calibrations of the AMS . 45 Annex D (normative) Elements of type testing report . 47 Annex E (informative) Elements of suitability evaluation report
14、. 49 Bibliography . 50 BS EN 16450:2017EN 16450:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16450:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by pu
15、blication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall no
16、t be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 16450:2013. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nat
17、ional standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Li
18、thuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16450:2017EN 16450:2017 (E) 4 1 Scope In order to be in compliance with EU Air Quality Directive requirements, the reference method
19、s given in the Directive 2008/50/EC 1 for the measurement of mass concentrations of particulate matter are not commonly used for operation in routine monitoring networks. These networks usually apply automated continuous measurement systems (AMS), such as those based on the use of oscillating microb
20、alances, -ray attenuation, or in situ optical methods. Such AMS are typically capable of producing 24-h average measurement values over a measurement range up to 1 000 g/m3and 1-h average measurement values up to 10 000 g/m3, if applicable, where the volume of air is the volume at ambient conditions
21、 near the inlet. The 1-h average values may be used for: a) direct information of the public; b) aggregation to produce daily or yearly average concentration values for regulatory reporting purposes. NOTE National regulatory reporting purposes could require other time basis for averages (i.e. monthl
22、y). Directive 2008/50/EC allows the use of such systems after demonstration of equivalence with the reference method, i.e. after demonstration that these systems meet the Data Quality Objectives for continuous measurements. Guidelines for the demonstration of equivalence are given in Reference 2. Th
23、is European Standard lays down the minimum performance requirements and test procedures for the type testing of appropriate AMS for particulate matter. The standard includes the evaluation of its equivalence with the reference method as laid down in Directive 2008/50/EC. Further, this European Stand
24、ard describes minimum requirements for ongoing quality assurance quality control (QA/QC) of AMS deployed in the field. These requirements are necessary to ensure that uncertainties of measured concentrations are kept within the required limits during extended periods of continuous monitoring in the
25、field, and include procedures for maintenance, calibration and control checks. Additional procedures are described that determine whether an instruments equivalence to the reference method is maintained through possible pollution climate changes, over periods longer than five years. Lastly, this Eur
26、opean Standard describes harmonized requirements and procedures for the treatment and validation of raw measurement data that are used for the assembly of daily or yearly average concentration values. Experience with existing methods for data treatment and validation for similar AMS has shown that t
27、he different ways of data treatment and validation applied may lead to significant differences in reported results for similar data sets 3. When the European Standard is used for purposes other than measurements required by Directive 2008/50/EC, the range and uncertainty requirements may not apply.
28、This European Standard contains information for different groups of users. Clauses 5 and 6 and Annex A contain general information about the principles of automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter, and relevant equipment. BS EN 16450:2017EN 16450:2017 (E) 5 Clause 7 and Annexes
29、 B and C are specifically directed towards test houses and laboratories that perform type testing of automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter. These clauses contain information about: c) type testing conditions, test procedures and test requirements; d) system performance requ
30、irements; e) evaluation of the type testing results; f) evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement results of the automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter based on the type testing results. Clauses 8 to 11 are aimed at monitoring networks performing the practical measure
31、ments of particulate matter in ambient air. These clauses contain information about: g) initial installation of the system in the monitoring network and acceptance testing; h) ongoing quality assurance/quality control; i) on-going verification of suitability; j) treatment, validation and reporting o
32、f measurement results. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
33、nt (including any amendments) applies. EN 12341, Ambient air - Standard gravimetric measurement method for the determination of the PM10 or PM2,5 mass concentration of suspended particulate matter 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3
34、.1 ambient air outdoor air in the troposphere, excluding workplaces as defined by Directive 89/654/EEC 4 where provisions concerning health and safety at work apply and to which members of the public do not have regular access SOURCE: Directive 2008/50/EC 1 3.2 automated measuring system AMS entiret
35、y of all measuring instruments and additional devices necessary for obtaining a measurement result 3.3 availability of the AMS fraction of the time period for which valid measuring data of the ambient air concentration is available from an AMS SOURCE: EN 14211 5 BS EN 16450:2017EN 16450:2017 (E) 6 3
36、.4 calibration operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this inf
37、ormation to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication Note 1 to entry: A calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative co
38、rrection of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “self-calibration”, nor with verification of a calibration. SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012 (VIM) 6 3.5 combined standard uncer
39、tainty standard uncertainty of the result of a measurement when that result is obtained from the values of a number of other quantities, equal to the positive square root of a sum of terms, the terms being the variances or covariances of these other quantities weighted according to how the measureme
40、nt result varies with changes in these quantities SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 7 3.6 competent authority organization which implements the requirements of EU Directives and regulates installations, which shall comply with the requirements of applicable European Standards Note 1 to entry: In ambie
41、nt air quality monitoring this is an authority that performs one or more of the tasks listed in Article 3 of Directive 2008/50/EC. 3.7 competent body organization which can demonstrate its competence for a specific task to the competent authority in the Member State 3.8 coverage factor numerical fac
42、tor used as a multiplier of the combined standard uncertainty in order to obtain an expanded uncertainty SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 7 BS EN 16450:2017EN 16450:2017 (E) 7 3.9 data capture percentage of the time for which the AMS has produced valid data to the time for which the aggregated value
43、is to be calculated, excluding periods of regular calibration or normal maintenance SOURCE: Directive 2008/50/EC 1 3.10 detection limit smallest concentration of a measurand that can be reliably detected by a specific measurement process 3.11 equivalent method method other than the reference method
44、for the measurement of a specified air pollutant meeting the data quality objectives for fixed measurements specified in the relevant Air Quality Directive 1 Note 1 to entry: Equivalence is granted for defined (regional) situations within a Member State, but may be granted for situations encompassin
45、g more than one region or Member State. 3.12 expanded uncertainty quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand Note 1 to entry: The fraction may be
46、 viewed as the coverage probability or level of confidence of the interval. Note 2 to entry: To associate a specific level of confidence with the interval defined by the expanded uncertainty requires explicit or implicit assumptions regarding the probability distribution characterized by the measure
47、ment result and its combined standard uncertainty. The level of confidence that may be attributed to this interval can be known only to the extent to which such assumptions may be justified. SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 7 3.13 interferent component of the air sample, excluding the measured consti
48、tuent, that affects the output signal 3.14 limit value level fixed on the basis of scientific knowledge, with the aim of avoiding, preventing or reducing harmful effects on human health and/or the environment as a whole, to be attained within a given period and not to be exceeded once attained SOURC
49、E: Directive 2008/50/EC 1 3.15 monitoring station enclosure located in the field in which an AMS has been installed to measure particulate matter in such a way that its performance and operation comply with the prescribed requirements 3.16 parallel measurement measurement from measuring systems, sampling from the same air over the same time period BS EN 16450:2017EN 16450:2017 (E) 8 3.17 performance characteristic one of the parameters assigned to an AMS in order to define its performance 3.18 performance criterion limitin
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