1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16503:2014Water quality Guidancestandard on assessing thehydromorphological featuresof transitional and coastalwatersBS EN 16503:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16503:2014.The UK participation in its preparatio
2、n was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/3/5, Biological Methods.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication.
3、The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 76681 7ICS 13.060.70Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31
4、 August 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16503:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16503 August 2014 ICS 13.060.70 English Version Water quality - Guidance standard on assessing the hydromorphological features of transitional and coastal waters Qua
5、lit de leau - Norme guide pour lvaluation des caractristiques hydromorphologiques des eaux de transition et des eaux ctires Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Beurteilung der hydromorphologischen Merkmale der bergangs- und Kstengewsser This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 July 2014. CE
6、N members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on app
7、lication to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC M
8、anagement Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, La
9、tvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Ma
10、rnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16503:2014 EBS EN 16503:2014EN 16503:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Terms and definitions .5 3 Principle 9 4 Survey requ
11、irements 10 4.1 General . 10 4.2 Defining hydromorphological units 10 4.3 Survey strategy . 10 4.4 Reference conditions . 11 4.4.1 General . 11 4.4.2 Morphological and hydrological conditions 11 5 Features for survey and assessment . 12 5.1 Features and attributes 12 5.2 Pressures on hydromorphology
12、 . 12 5.2.1 General . 12 5.2.2 Classes of human pressures . 13 5.3 Data sources and methods of obtaining information . 16 6 Reporting hydromorphological assessment and classification 17 6.1 General . 17 6.2 Data presentation 17 7 Training and quality assurance for survey and assessment . 18 7.1 Gene
13、ral . 18 7.2 Areas for training 18 7.3 Data entry and validation . 19 Bibliography . 20 BS EN 16503:2014EN 16503:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16503:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard sha
14、ll be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this do
15、cument may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard
16、: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
17、 Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16503:2014EN 16503:2014 (E) 4 Introduction Hydromorphology of transitional and coastal (TraC) waters is one of the basic features of marine and coastal ecosystems controlling the presence of biota. Hydromorphology is the result of the intera
18、ction between the structure of the systems and their functioning. Structure includes sea-bed geology, sediment features, morphology and water depth, whereas functioning includes hydrodynamics, sediment dynamics and morpho-dynamic processes. Over the past several millennia, human developments in TraC
19、 waters throughout Europe have caused substantial changes in the hydromorphological characteristics and ecological functioning of many water bodies. Hydromorphological changes are an important consideration in implementing the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directi
20、ve (MSFD). In addition, for the Habitats Directive there is a need to maintain certain features in favourable condition, which has also given rise to a focus on hydromorphological assessments. In a general sense, transitional waters (e.g. estuaries, fjords, some lagoons) are neither fully open coast
21、al systems nor enclosed or flowing freshwater areas. (for the WFD definition, see Clause 2). Their boundaries may be defined by hydromorphological features and discontinuities, by salinity, or by any other hydrographic feature (e.g. water depth and tidal regime). The term coastal waters has been def
22、ined for various legal and political purposes (e.g. see Clause 2) but in this hydromorphological standard they are defined as waters characterized by coastal features and influenced by coastal processes. This European Standard: a) supports environmental and conservation agencies in meeting monitorin
23、g requirements of the WFD and MSFD; b) provides information supporting other environmental reporting requirements (e.g. in relation to biodiversity or environmental impact assessment); c) supports management and restoration initiatives; d) identifies and defines the main pressures affecting European
24、 TraC waters. Note that in this standard, “assessment” is used as a broad term referring to the general description of features and the pressures that impinge upon them. It is not used to imply the judgement of particular levels of “quality” or “value”, whether related to status under the WFD, MSFD
25、or more generally. WARNING Persons using this European Standard should be familiar with usual laboratory and fieldwork practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety
26、 and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. IMPORTANT It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this European Standard be carried out by suitably trained staff. BS EN 16503:2014EN 16503:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard gives gui
27、delines for characterizing the hydromorphology of transitional or coastal (TraC) waters, but does not prescribe detailed methods of assessment. The main aim of this document is to improve the comparability of hydromorphological survey methods, data processing, and the interpretation and presentation
28、 of results. This European Standard: a) lists essential features and processes of TraC waters that should be characterized as part of a hydromorphological survey and used for determining hydromorphological condition; b) gives guidance on strategies for collecting and presenting hydromorphological da
29、ta depending on the resources available and the anticipated use of the assessment; c) describes how to generate data sets appropriate for monitoring and reporting on the condition of Natura 2000 sites designated under the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive; d) provides guidance on data quali
30、ty assurance. This European Standard does not deal with biological assessments in TraC waters such as the presence or absence of individual species or community composition, nor does it attempt to link specific hydromorphological features with their associated biological communities. However, it is
31、relevant where plants or other organisms form significant structural elements of the habitat (e.g. saltmarshes, biogenic reefs). 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 aquatic macrophyte larger plant of marine and brackish water whic
32、h is easily seen with the naked eye, including angiosperms and macroalgae EXAMPLE Examples for angiosperms: reeds, saltmarsh and seagrass beds; example for macroalgae: seaweed. SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, 3.1, modified 2.2 attribute specific recorded elements of a hydromorphological feature EXAMPLE Silt
33、and boulders are natural substrate texture attributes, sheet piling and gabions are attributes of engineered banks. SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, 3.2 2.3 bay closing line straight line drawn between prominent physical features on either side of a bay BS EN 16503:2014EN 16503:2014 (E) 6 2.4 bedform pattern
34、morphology of the seabed Note 1 to entry: The bedform patterns may be simple or complex depending on the size and shape of the system and the nature of the local sediment transport processes. Deposition produces features such as sand and gravel bars, while erosion results in scour features. 2.5 biog
35、enic reef mass consisting of the hard parts of organisms, or of a biogenically constructed frame enclosing detrital particles, in a body of water Note 1 to entry: Most biogenic reefs are made of corals or associated organisms. 2.6 coastal cell length of coastline confined by natural or artificial ba
36、rriers across which little or no sediment is transported 2.7 coastal plain estuary submerged coastal river valley 2.8 coastal water body of surface water on the landward side of a line, every point of which is at a distance of one nautical mile on the seaward side from the nearest point of the basel
37、ine from which the breadth of territorial waters is measured, extending where appropriate up to the outer limit of transitional waters Note 1 to entry: This definition from Article 2 of the EC Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) is one example of a definition of coastal water used for legal purpo
38、ses. 2.9 connectivity linkage within and between water bodies through exchange of water, sediment and organisms 2.10 ecological status expression of the quality of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, by comparing the prevailing conditions with reference conditions Note 1 to entry: A
39、s classified in accordance with Annex V of the EC Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, 3.15 2.11 fetch fetch length distance of open water over which the wind can blow and generate wind-driven waves SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, 3.19, modified “fetch length” was added as synonym 2
40、.12 fjord long narrow and glacially eroded inlet with steep sides, created in a valley often with a shallow entrance at the mouth BS EN 16503:2014EN 16503:2014 (E) 7 2.13 headland promontory of land projecting into water SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, 3.20 2.14 highest astronomical tide HAT highest tide tha
41、t can be expected to occur under average meteorological conditions and at the spring and autumn equinox 2.15 hydromorphology physical, hydrological and hydrodynamic characteristics of transitional and coastal waters including the underlying processes from which they result SOURCE: EN 16039:2011, 3.2
42、2, modified 2.16 intertidal area foreshore zone between high and low tide lines 2.17 lagoon expanses of shallow coastal salt water, of varying salinity and water volume, wholly or partially separated from the sea by sand banks or shingle, or, less frequently, by rocks Note 1 to entry: The EC Water F
43、ramework Directive (2000/60/EC) classifies lagoons as transitional waters. 2.18 micro-tidal tidal range 2 m 2.19 mixing blending of waters of different characteristics (e.g. temperature, turbidity, salinity) by turbulence and diffusion, caused by tides, winds, waves, currents and river runoff 2.20 n
44、ormal tidal limit NTL point at which the level of a river or stream ceases to be affected by the tidal flow 2.21 physiography prominent coastal landform features 2.22 planform view of transitional or coastal water body from above EXAMPLE Sinuous, straight. 2.23 reef ridge of rock, or other material,
45、 lying seawards of the low water line BS EN 16503:2014EN 16503:2014 (E) 8 2.24 reference condition condition which is totally or nearly totally undisturbed by human activity 2.25 residence time retention time length of time it takes for a transitional water, sea loch or fjord to exchange its water N
46、ote 1 to entry: For enclosed bays “retention time” is the preferred term. 2.26 saltmarsh area having characteristic vegetation adapted to saline soils and to periodic inundation by sea water 2.27 sandbank low-energy feature created at the mouth of a river where it flows into the sea Note 1 to entry:
47、 Characteristic of the coast, often poorly defined. 2.28 storm surge change in water level as a result of meteorological forcing (wind, high or low barometric pressure) additional to the astronomic tide; it may be positive or negative 2.29 stratification layering of water column due to density diffe
48、rences resulting from changes in temperature, turbidity or salinity with depth 2.30 substrate rocky or sedimentary material making up the bed of a transitional or coastal water body 2.31 subtidal area zone seawards below the mean low tide line 2.32 tidal prism volume of water that flows into a tidal
49、 channel on the flood tide SOURCE: EN ISO 772:2011, 2.49 2.33 tidal range difference in level between high water and low water of a tide SOURCE: EN ISO 772:2011, 2.50 2.34 tidal regime parameters characterizing tides including levels, periods, frequencies, harmonics, phases and spectra BS EN 16503:2014EN 16503:2014 (E) 9 2.35 tidal bore tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a “wave” (or waves) of water that travel up a narrowing estuary or bay against the direction of the river or bays current 2.36 to
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