1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16602-70-06:2014Space product assuranceParticle and UV radiation testing for spacematerialsBS EN 16602-70-06:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN16602-70-06:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted
2、 to TechnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The B
3、ritish Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 84420 1ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October
4、 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16602-70-06:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16602-70-06 October 2014 ICS 49.140 English version Space product assurance - Particle and UV radiation testing for space materials Assurance produit des projets spat
5、iaux - Essais dirradiation aux particules et aux ultraviolets pour matriaux dun projet spatial Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Teilchen- und UV-Strahlungstests fr Raumflugmaterialien This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 March 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CEN
6、ELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
7、or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has t
8、he same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hunga
9、ry, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation i
10、n any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16602-70-06:2014 EBS EN 16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 2 Table of contents Foreword 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 7 3.1 Terms fr
11、om other standards 7 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 7 3.3 Abbreviated terms and symbols 9 4 Principles 10 5 Requirements 12 5.1 Specifying test 12 5.1.1 General provision 12 5.1.2 Methodology for laboratory degrading factors definition 12 5.1.3 Methodology for irradiations performance
12、. 14 5.1.4 Specifying the irradiation test procedure . 16 5.2 Preparing and performing test 18 5.2.1 General . 18 5.2.2 Preparing the samples 18 5.2.3 Preparing the facilities and equipments . 18 5.2.4 Running the radiation test procedure 19 5.3 Recording and reporting the test results . 19 5.3.1 Te
13、st records 19 5.3.2 Test report 19 5.3.3 Acceptance criteria and nonconformance . 19 Annex A (normative) Request for radiation test - DRD 21 Annex B (normative) Radiation test specifications and procedures (Work proposal) - DRD . 22 Annex C (normative) Radiation test report - DRD . 25 Bibliography .
14、 27 BS EN 16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 3 Figures Figure 4-1: Test process overview 10 Figure 4-2: Degrading factors specification. 11 BS EN 16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16602-70-06:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”,
15、 the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16602-70-06:2014) originates from ECSS-Q-ST-70-06C. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2015, and conflicting national
16、 standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prep
17、ared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). Acc
18、ording to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, German
19、y, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope Materials used in space applicatio
20、ns need to be evaluated for their behaviour under Particle and UV Radiation. As part of this evaluation often an exposure to a simulated space environment is performed that can raise questions regarding its accuracy and representativeness. The role of this Standard is to establish a baseline for the
21、 testing specification. NOTE The environments covered are electromagnetic radiation and charged particles. This Standard defines the procedures for electromagnetic radiation and charged particles testing of spacecraft materials. These materials include for instance thermal control materials, windows
22、, coatings, and structural materials. The procedures include simulation of the environment and the properties to be verified. This Standard excludes electronic components. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00
23、. BS EN 16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 6 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revision of any of these publications d
24、o not apply, However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the more recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN reference Refer
25、ence in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system Glossary of terms EN 16603-10-04 ECSS-E-ST-10-04 Space engineering Space environment EN 16602-20 ECSS-Q-ST-20 Space product assurance Quality assurance EN 16602-20-07 ECSS-Q-ST-20-07 Space product assurance Quality assurance for test cent
26、res EN 16602-10-09 ECSS-Q-ST-10-09 Space product assurance Nonconformance control system EN 16602-70-02 ECSS-Q-ST-70-02 Space product assurance Thermal vacuum outgassing tests for the screening of space materials EN 16602-70-09 ECSS-Q-ST-70-09 Space product assurance Measurements of thermo-optical p
27、roperties of thermal control materials ISO 15856:2003 Space systems Space environment Simulation guidelines for radiation exposure of non-metallic materials ASTM-E-490 Standard Solar Constant and Zero Air Mass Solar Spectral Irradiance Tables BS EN 16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 7 3 Terms,
28、definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms from other standards For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 and ECSS-Q-ST-70 apply, and in particular: clean area contamination 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard 3.2.1 absorbed dose energy absorbed locally
29、 per unit mass as a result of radiation exposure which is transferred through ionization and excitation NOTE The absorbed dose D is expressed in Gy (1 Gy = 1 j/kg = 100 rad). 3.2.2 acceleration factor ratio of the intensity of a degrading factor applied to a material at the laboratory during a space
30、 simulation versus the intensity of the same degrading factor in space NOTE It applies to any degrading factor. 3.2.3 bremsstrahlung high-energy electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray energy range emitted by charged particles slowing down by scattering off atomic nuclei NOTE 1 The primary particle i
31、s ultimately absorbed while the bremsstrahlung can be highly penetrating. In space, the most common source of bremsstrahlung is electron scattering. NOTE 2 Its energy is continuously distributed down from the energy of the incident particle. 3.2.4 contaminant unwanted molecular or particulate matter
32、 (including microbiological matter) on the surface or in the environment of interest, that can affect or degrade the relevant performance or life time BS EN 16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 8 3.2.5 degrading factors of environment factors present in the environment that degrade materials NOTE
33、 For example: UV, charged particles. 3.2.6 dose profile distribution of the absorbed dose through the depth of the material 3.2.7 ex-situ measurement measurement performed outside the testing facility NOTE 1 Generally it means that these measurements are performed in air at ambient temperature. NOTE
34、 2 If specific conditions are applied ex-situ, they are described in a corresponding procedure. 3.2.8 fluence time-integration of the flux 3.2.9 flux amount of radiation crossing a surface per unit of time NOTE It is often expressed in “integral form” as particles per unit area per unit time (e.g. e
35、lectrons cm-2s-1) above a certain threshold energy. 3.2.10 in-situ measurement measurement performed inside a chamber (in vacuum or pressurized) 3.2.11 induced space environment environmental factors that result from interactions of the space system with the natural space environment 3.2.12 irradian
36、ce quotient of the radiant flux incident on an element of the surface containing the point, by the area of that element NOTE See also ISO 15856:2003 3.2.13 ionizing radiation form of radiation that has sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms to produce ions NOTE It can consist of high energ
37、y particles (electrons, protons or alpha particles) or short wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays). 3.2.14 mean free path average distance that a subatomic particle, ion, atom, or molecule travels between successive collisions with ions, atoms, or molecules BS EN
38、16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 9 3.2.15 natural space environment environment that exists in space excluding any spacecraft system effect NOTE This includes radiation, vacuum, residual atmosphere, and meteoroids. 3.2.16 near ultraviolet (NUV) radiation solar electromagnetic radiation with t
39、he wavelength in the range from 200 nm up to 400 nm 3.2.17 reciprocity law statement that the observed property change depends only on the fluence and is independent of the flux 3.2.18 synchrotron radiation continuous electromagnetic radiation created by the acceleration of relativistic charged part
40、icles NOTE For example: this radiation can be generated in a synchrotron or storage ring. 3.2.19 synergism joint action of two or more stimuli whose combination induce a different effect (qualitative and quantitative) than the result of adding the effects of each stimulus taken separately 3.2.20 vac
41、uum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation solar electromagnetic radiations in the wavelength range from 10 nm up to 200 nm NOTE Also called “Far UV”. 3.3 Abbreviated terms and symbols For the purpose of this Standard, the abbreviated terms from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 and the following apply: Abbreviation Meaning ESH
42、 equivalent Sun hour FUV far ultraviolet QCM quartz crystal monitor NUV near ultraviolet UV ultraviolet VUV vacuum ultraviolet L low wavelength limit H high wavelength limit BS EN 16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 10 4 Principles The principles of the particle and electromagnetic radiation tes
43、t of space materials is to evaluate their physical properties changes under specific laboratory simulations that imply a suitable simplification of space degrading factors and generally the reduction of the irradiation time. Such approach is performed following the steps as described in Figure 4-1.
44、Specifying test Preparing and performing testQuality RequirementsRecording and reporting test Work Proposal for Radiation Test (including test specification and procedure (Annex B) Test results (including identified deviations, if any)Report for Radiation Test (Annex C) Request for Radiation Test (A
45、nnex A) Go/NO Go from CustomerNCR (if any identified deviation)Figure 4-1: Test process overview Clause 5.1 provides the specification of the radiation test related to given space simulation test requirements is based on the rationale of degrading factors definition, as described in Figure 4-2. BS E
46、N 16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 11 Spacecraft space environmentSpace degrading factorsSpecific materials space environment- Orbit properties- Satellite attitude- Position on the satelliteConsidere physical propertiesLaboratory simulation degrading factorsRequirements specificationFigure 4-
47、2: Degrading factors specification Clauses 5.2 and 5.3 provide the requirements for preparing, performing, recording and reporting a radiation test. BS EN 16602-70-06:2014EN 16602-70-06:2014 (E) 12 5 Requirements 5.1 Specifying test 5.1.1 General provision a. The customer shall provide a request for
48、 radiation test in conformance with the DRD in Annex A. b. ECSS-Q-ST-20 shall be made applicable in the request for a radiation test. c. ECSS-Q-ST-10-09 shall be made applicable in the request for a radiation test. d. The test centre shall comply with the safety and security requirements in ECSS-Q-S
49、T-20-07. NOTE For example, for hazard and health (safety) and for access control (security). e. The supplier shall provide a radiation test specification and procedure (Work proposal) in conformance with the DRD in Annex B. 5.1.2 Methodology for laboratory degrading factors definition 5.1.2.1 Specification of the general spacecraft environment a. The customer shall identify, the spacecraft space environment, using models as defined in ECSS-E-ST-10-04. NOTE 1 The spacecraft space environment is natural and induced environments encountered during its specific miss
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